Malnutritions

BACKGROUND: Overweight/obesity is one of the major public health problems that affect both developed and developing nations. The co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia is thought to be largely preventable if detected early. To date, no spatial analyses have been performed to identify areas of hotspots for the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia among reproductive women in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia among women of reproductive age...

BACKGROUND: This study explored the performance of surgeons for predicting radiological sarcopenia as accessed by psoas cross-sectional area in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out and a diagnostic accuracy strategy was applied using the radiologist team assessment as gold standard. RESULTS: Cohort analysis of 45 consecutive patients found that 31.1% had sarcopenia. Correlation of Total Psoas Index between radiologists and surgeons was very strong for the Junior and strong for the Senior surgeon, with a strong correlation between the surgeons...

Malnutrition significantly hampers wound healing processes. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). GLIM criteria were evaluated for sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative PV (NPV), and kappa (κ) against SGA as the reference. Modified Poisson regression model and the DeLong test investigated the association between malnutrition and non-healing ulcers over six months...

Introduction The adverse effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on maternal and reproductive health extend beyond the immediate morbidity and mortality attributed directly to the disease. Pandemic-induced disruptions in the healthcare, social and economic infrastructures can exacerbate the already high burden of childhood undernutrition in India. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected district of the central Indian province of Madhya Pradesh. Data was collected from eligible children born during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020 to December 2021) who visited a selected tertiary care hospital for routine immunization during the study period...

Malnutrition underlies almost half of all child deaths globally. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) carries unacceptable mortality, particularly if accompanied by infection or medical complications, including enteropathy. We evaluated four interventions for malnutrition enteropathy in a multi-centre phase II multi-arm trial in Zambia and Zimbabwe and completed in 2021. The purpose of this trial was to identify therapies which could be taken forward into phase III trials. Children of either sex were eligible for inclusion if aged 6-59 months and hospitalised with SAM (using WHO definitions: WLZ <-3, and/or MUAC <11...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent research has highlighted non-operative management (NOM) as a viable alternative for frail older adults with hip fractures in the final phase of life. This study aims to guide Dutch physicians and hospitals nationwide in a standardised implementation of shared decision-making regarding surgery or NOM in selected frail older adults with a hip fracture. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The patient population for implementation includes frail older adults aged ≥70 years with an acute proximal femoral fracture, nursing home care or a similar level of care elsewhere and at least one additional criterion (ie, malnutrition, severe mobility impairment or ASA≥4)...

OBJECTIVE: It is important to individualize nutrition therapy and to identify whether certain patient groups benefit from a specific intervention such as oral nutritional supplements (ONS). This study investigated whether patients with weak handgrip strength (HGS) benefit better from ONS administration in the Medication Pass Nutritional Supplement Program (MEDPass) mode regarding the individual coverage of energy and protein requirements throughout their hospitalization. METHODS: A secondary analysis of the intention-to-treat data set of the randomized controlled MEDPass trial was conducted...

The aim of the paper is to provide an ex-post assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity in the EU-27 countries expressed by physical and economic food access. We analysed trade and price effects, together with food insecurity and malnutrition indicators. Actual levels of the indicators were compared with their pre-pandemic magnitudes and/or with counterfactual levels derived from predictive models. We also aimed to compare the objective statistics with the subjective consumers' perception of their households' food security...

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AIMS: To explore adult inpatients' perceptions, understanding and preferences regarding the term 'malnutrition' and to identify the terms that adult inpatients report are used by themselves and health workers to describe malnutrition. DESIGN: This qualitative study was conducted using data collected for a separate qualitative study that investigated factors that influence the dietary intake of long-stay, acute adult inpatients. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of current inpatients...

We present the case of a victim of a motor vehicle accident in his late 60s who suffered from severe torso injuries. He initially presented with abdominal and chest pain, and underwent emergency laparotomy for hemoperitoneum. After surgery, the patient developed pneumonia and septicemia, which were responsive to antibiotics. The patient was treated with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit for approximately 10 days and experienced a severe weight loss of approximately 30%, but slowly recovered without dyspnea...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalised adult patients, and to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly used nutritional screening tools for identifying individuals at risk of malnutrition. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 248 hospitalised patients in internal medicine wards (mean age: 75.2 years; 39.5% females). Nutritional screening was performed within 48 h of admission using the following tools: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Nutrition Risk Screening Tool (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF)...

The response of a mixed system is determined by the proportions of the various ingredients that add up to one, not by the combination's total amount. This research aimed at examining the effects of blending ratio variation on the macro-composition and sensory acceptability of dabi teff-field pea-based novel composite complementary flours. Standard methods (AOAC, 2016, Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists ) were used to determine macronutrients. The sensory attributes were evaluated using a 5-point hedonic scale...

Evidence from previous studies suggests a strong association between pediatric undernutrition and maternal stature. However, there's a scarcity of evidence regarding the relationship between maternal stature and pediatric coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM). This study examined the prevalence and trends of CFM at the individual, household, and community levels, using data from the Demographic & Health Surveys (DHS) of Pakistan. Furthermore, this study assessed the association between pediatric CFM and short maternal stature while adjusting for multiple covariates...

AIMS: The ALIMENT-HF trial aims to determine whether high-calorie and high-protein oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are safe and beneficial for older adult outpatients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: This multicentre, single-arm, interventional pilot trial is designed to evaluate the tolerance, efficacy, and safety of ONS in older adult outpatients with chronic HF, malnutrition, and anorexia. In total, 80 outpatients with HF regardless of their left ventricular ejection fraction will be treated with ONS, including high-energy (900 kcal/day) and high protein (36 g/day) supplementation, at eight sites in Japan...

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a major global public health problem. SAM cases are treated using ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) at a dosage of ∼200 kcal/kg/day per the standard treatment protocol (STD). Emerging evidence on simplifications to the standard protocol, which among other adaptations, includes reducing the daily RUTF dosage, indicates that it is effective and safe for treating children with SAM. In response to a foreseen stock shortage of RUTF, the government of Afghanistan endorsed the temporary use of a modified treatment protocol in which the daily RUTF dosage was prescribed at 1000 kcal/day (irrespective of body weight) until the child achieved moderate acute malnutrition status (weight-for-height z-score ≥ -3 or mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC] ≥ 115 mm), at which point 500 kcal/day was prescribed until cured (modified treatment protocol [MTP])...

BACKGROUND: The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was developed to be a simple, timely and cost-effective tool to track, simultaneously, nutritional deficiency and non-communicable disease risks from diet in diverse settings. The objective was to investigate the performance of GDQS as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality in a national-representative sample of the Brazilian population. METHODS: Nationally-representative data from 44,744 men and non-pregnant and non-lactating women aging ≥ 10 years, from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey were used...

INTRODUCTION: Determining limb length in gastric bypass procedures is a crucial step to ensure significant weight loss without risking malnutrition. This study investigated the effect of ex vivo training on the skills needed to determine limb lengths. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-center ex vivo training experiment in a teaching hospital in the Netherlands. We designed a training exercise with marked ropes in a laparoscopic trainer box. All ten surgical residents participated and practiced the skill of estimating limb length...

BACKGROUND: Despite global efforts to eliminate mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (MTCT), many children continue to become infected. We determined the prevalence of HIV among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and that of their mothers, at admission to Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Mulago Hospital, Uganda. We also assessed child factors associated with HIV-infection, and explored factors leading to HIV-infection among a subset of the mother-child dyads that tested positive...

INTRODUCTION: Despite malnutrition being established as a well-known risk for postoperative complications, the lack of screening for nutritional risk remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-screening for nutritional risk prior to surgery is feasible in a home setting and if it will increase number of patients screened for nutritional risk, and secondly, to compare their screening results with the "in-hospital assessments" conducted by healthcare professionals...