Physical activity diet

OBJECTIVES, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We aimed to examine changes in dietary habits, lifestyles (e.g., smoking, physical activity levels, and alcohol intake), anthropometry, other individual health-relevant characteristics, and overall adherence to 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, among women enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Florence cohort. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: We fitted age- and energy intake-adjusted generalized linear models to describe (a) changes occurring over a person's lifetime in the transition from adulthood to older age, and (b) differences between women aged 56-60 years belonging to two birth cohorts spaced apart by around 25 years (born in 1933-1941 vs...

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle choices, metformin, and dietary supplements may prevent GDM, but the effect of intervention characteristics has not been identified. This review evaluated intervention characteristics to inform the implementation of GDM prevention interventions. METHODS: Ovid, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) framework was used to examine intervention characteristics (who, what, when, where, and how)...

Individuals with inherited cancer syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), may be motivated to adopt health-protective behaviors, such as eating more fruits and vegetables and increasing physical activity. Examining these health behaviors among young people with high lifetime genetic cancer risk may provide important insights to guide future behavioral interventions that aim to improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We used a self-regulatory framework to investigate relationships among diet and physical activity behaviors and psychosocial constructs (e...

BACKGROUND: Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. METHODS: Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Due to a variety of barriers, the majority of cancer survivors do not do enough physical activity to meet current recommendations. This study will assess the feasibility of participation in parkrun walk-run events as a novel mode of community rehabilitation exercise. METHODS: This protocol describes a single-arm intervention study with participants acting as their own controls. The study accepts adults diagnosed with any type of cancer, undergoing treatment or in remission...

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle factors may affect cancer risk. This study aimed to identify whether American Heart Association (AHA) Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH) score and its individual variables in youth associate with subsequent cancer incidence. METHODS: Study comprised of participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study free of cancer at analysis baseline in 1986 (n=1873). Baseline age was 12-24 years and the follow-up occurred between 1986-2018. RESULTS: Among 1873 participants (mean age 17...

OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemic mothers and their offspring are at increased risk of various maternal and neonatal complications such as macrosomia, future type 2 diabetes, and metabolic abnormalities. Early diagnosis and individualized dietary management, exercise, and emotional well-being are expected to reduce these risks. The study aims to identify the effect of the Nutrition and Behavior Modification Program (NBMP) on maternal and neonatal outcomes of hyperglycemic mothers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A pre-experimental study was performed among 89 hyperglycemic mothers...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status, growth parameters and lifestyle behaviours of children between 0.5-12 years in nationally representative samples in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the four countries, between May 2019 and April 2021. Data collected can be categorized into four categories: (1) Growth - anthropometry, body composition, development disorder, (2) Nutrient intake and dietary habits - 24-hour dietary recall, child food habits, breast feeding and complementary feeding, (3) Socio-economic status - food insecurity and child health status/environmental, and (4) Lifestyle behaviours - physical activity patterns, fitness, sunlight exposure, sleep patterns, body image and behavioural problems...

AIM: Assess effects on waist circumference from diet with or without cereal grains and with or without long-term physical exercise. BACKGROUND: Elevated waist circumference is an indicator of increased abdominal fat storage and is accordingly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This is likely due to the association between lifestyle-induced changes in waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors. Reductions in waist circumference may be facilitated by diet without cereal grains combined with long-term physical exercise...

BACKGROUND: The Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) industry consciously and subconsciously influences consumers to buy its products. Countering unhealthy messaging and behaviour could be tackled through the SSB levy and allocation of revenue toward healthy lifestyle programs. Given the limited information in the UAE on demographic and consumer knowledge and beliefs and allocation of SSB levy, we conducted a study to explore this further. The study objectives were to a) explore the association between demographic factors (nationality, income and education) with knowledge and beliefs for SSB and b) explore participants' views on allocating SSB levy toward healthy lifestyle programs...

Background Since February 2020, the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Saudi Arabia has been rising. The Saudi Arabian government implemented strict lockdown measures in March 2020 in an effort to stop the spread of the virus. Globally, changes in socioeconomic levels and health during quarantine have been reported. Additional detrimental effects of the stay-at-home mandate include less physical activity among adult populations, anxiety, stress, and emotional eating. This study aimed to assess the impact of quarantine during the COVID‑19 pandemic on physical activity practice and weight...

Movement-related behaviors (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) and diet interact with each other and play important roles in health indicators in youth. This systematic review aimed to investigate how PA, SB, sleep, and diet cluster in youth by biological sex; and to examine which cluster are associated with health indicators. This study was registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD42018094826). Five electronic databases were assessed. Eligibility criteria allowed studies that included youth (aged 19 years and younger), and only the four behaviors {PA, SB, sleep, and diet (ultra-processed foods [UPF]; fruits and vegetables [FV])} analyzed by applying data-based cluster procedures...

BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposure has been associated with liver cancer incidence and mortality in a limited number of studies. We sought to evaluate this relationship for the first time in a U.S. cohort with historical exposure assessment. METHODS: We used spatiotemporal prediction models to estimate annual average historical PM2.5 concentrations (1980-2015) at residential addresses of 499,729 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a cohort in 6 states (California, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania) and 2 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Georgia, and Detroit, Michigan) enrolled in 1995-1996 and followed up through 2017...

BACKGROUND: Mediated diet and exercise methods yield effective short-term weight loss but are costly and hard to manage. However, web-based programs can serve many participants, offering ease of access and cost-efficiency. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a web-based weight management program through web-based education alone (MINE) or combined with tailored video feedback (MINE Plus) with a control (CO) group. METHODS: This intervention included 60 Korean women with overweight and obesity (BMI≥23 kg/m2 ) aged 19 years to 39 years old...

BACKGROUND: Faced with the increase in the number of chronic diseases with the aging of the population, and with the observation of the insufficiency of therapeutic control, a new need has emerged, that of having a patient as a partner in care. METHODS: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Patients with coronary heart disease will be recruited from one clinical site and randomly assigned into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. All participants will be followed up for a total of one year (with three-time points for data collection)...

OBJECTIVE: Loss of control (LOC) eating (feeling unable to control food type/amount eaten) during pregnancy is common and linked to risk for poor cardiovascular health (CVH), but it is unclear whether prenatal LOC eating directly relates to CVH during pregnancy. The current study tested associations between prenatal LOC eating and CVH during pregnancy in a sample with prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25. METHOD: At 12-20 weeks' gestation, participants ( N = 124) self-reported: prenatal LOC eating, diet, physical activity, nicotine use, sleep; height/weight were measured...

Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. While there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multi-center study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity...

BACKGROUND: Unhealthy dietary habits, decreased physical activity, poor sleep quality, and increasing levels of stress and burnout have all been identified as major concerns of medical students. Due to the rigorous environment of medical school, maintaining a well-balanced and nutritious diet is often replaced by more convenient and nutrient-poor options. Improper dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle both play an essential role in the development of type II diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia...

IMPORTANCE: Early-onset cancer (diagnosed under 50 years of age) is associated with aggressive disease characteristics and its rising incidence is a global concern. The association between healthy lifestyle and early-onset cancer and whether it varies by common genetic variants is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between genetic risk, lifestyle, and risk of early-onset cancers. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed a prospective cohort of 66,308 white British participants who were under age 50 and free of cancer at baseline in the UK Biobank...

BACKGROUND: There have been many modelled studies of potential health co-benefits from actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but so far there have been no large-scale attempts to compare the magnitude of health and climate effects across sectors, countries, and study designs. METHODS: As part of the Pathfinder Initiative project an umbrella review of studies was done, and 26 previous reviews were identified with 57 primary studies included. Studies included in the review were required to have quantified changes in greenhouse gas emissions and health effects (or risk factors) from defined actions to reduce climate effects...