keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536959/kit-ligand-and-kit-receptor-tyrosine-kinase-sustain-synaptic-inhibition-of-purkinje-cells
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tariq Zaman, Daniel Vogt, Jeremy Prokop, Qusai Abdulkhaliq Alsabia, Gabriel Simms, April Stafford, Bryan W Luikart, Michael R Williams
The cell-type-specific expression of ligand/receptor and cell-adhesion molecules is a fundamental mechanism through which neurons regulate connectivity. Here, we determine a functional relevance of the long-established mutually exclusive expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit and the trans-membrane protein Kit Ligand by discrete populations of neurons in the mammalian brain. Kit is enriched in molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) of the cerebellar cortex (i.e., stellate and basket cells), while cerebellar Kit Ligand is selectively expressed by a target of their inhibition, Purkinje cells (PCs)...
March 27, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536928/bond-length-dependence-of-attosecond-ionization-delays-in-o-2-arising-from-electron-correlation-to-a-shape-resonance
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Hammerland, Thomas Berglitsch, Pengju Zhang, Tran Trung Luu, Kiyoshi Ueda, Robert R Lucchese, Hans Jakob Wörner
We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that electron correlation can cause the bond-length sensitivity of a shape resonance to induce an unexpected vibrational state-dependent ionization delay in a nonresonant channel. This discovery was enabled by a high-resolution attosecond-interferometry experiment based on a 400-nm driving and dressing wavelength. The short-wavelength driver results in a 6.2-electron volt separation between harmonics, markedly reducing the spectral overlap in the measured interferogram...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536895/the-read-through-transcription-mediated-autoactivation-circuit-for-virulence-regulator-expression-drives-robust-type-iii-secretion-system-2-expression-in-vibrio-parahaemolyticus
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dhira Saraswati Anggramukti, Eiji Ishii, Andre Pratama, Mohamad Al Kadi, Tetsuya Iida, Toshio Kodama, Shigeaki Matsuda
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The major virulence factor responsible for the enteropathogenicity of this pathogen is type III secretion system 2 (T3SS2), which is encoded on the 80-kb V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (Vp-PAI), the gene expression of which is governed by the OmpR-family transcriptional regulator VtrB. Here, we found a positive autoregulatory feature of vtrB transcription, which is often observed with transcriptional regulators of bacteria, but the regulation was not canonically dependent on its own promoter...
March 2024: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536848/exploring-the-drivers-of-agricultural-wages-growth-in-china-a-comprehensive-framework-utilizing-input-output-and-structural-decomposition-methods
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peijiang Zheng, Yang Li, Yingying Qi
This study explores the factors driving agricultural wages growth in China from 1981 to 2020. We propose a comprehensive framework that combines input-output analysis and structural decomposition analysis to investigate the drivers of agricultural wages growth from four perspectives: supply, demand, industrial linkages, and agricultural support policies. The findings indicate that changes in consumer demand, investment demand, and labor mobility play significant roles in driving the growth of agricultural wages in China...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536797/the-great-urban-shift-climate-change-is-predicted-to-drive-mass-species-turnover-in-cities
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Filazzola, Marc T J Johnson, Kimberly Barrett, Sue Hayes, Namrata Shrestha, Laura Timms, James Scott MacIvor
Human experiences with nature are important for our culture, economy, and health. Anthropogenically-driven climate change is causing widespread shifts in biodiversity and resident urban wildlife are no exception. We modelled over 2,000 animal species to predict how climate change will impact terrestrial wildlife within 60 Canadian and American cities. We found evidence of an impending great urban shift where thousands of species will disappear across the selected cities, being replaced by new species, or not replaced at all...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536783/autophagosome-biogenesis-and-organelle-homeostasis-in-plant-cells
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaohong Zhuang, Baiying Li, Liwen Jiang
Autophagy is one of the major highly inducible degradation processes in response to plant developmental and environmental signals. In response to different stimuli, cellular materials, including proteins and organelles, can be sequestered into a double membrane autophagosome structure either selectively or non-selectively. The formation of an autophagosome as well as its delivery into the vacuole involves complex and dynamic membrane processes. The identification and characterization of the conserved autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and their related regulators have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying autophagosome biogenesis and function in plant cells...
March 27, 2024: Plant Cell
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536730/synaptotagmin-7-docks-synaptic-vesicles-to-support-facilitation-and-doc2%C3%AE-triggered-asynchronous-release
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhenyong Wu, Grant F Kusick, Manon M M Berns, Sumana Raychaudhuri, Kie Itoh, Alexander M Walter, Edwin R Chapman, Shigeki Watanabe
Despite decades of intense study, the molecular basis of asynchronous neurotransmitter release remains enigmatic. Synaptotagmin (syt) 7 and Doc2 have both been proposed as Ca2+ sensors that trigger this mode of exocytosis, but conflicting findings have led to controversy. Here, we demonstrate that at excitatory mouse hippocampal synapses, Doc2α is the major Ca2+ sensor for asynchronous release, while syt7 supports this process through activity-dependent docking of synaptic vesicles. In synapses lacking Doc2α, asynchronous release after single action potentials is strongly reduced, while deleting syt7 has no effect...
March 27, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536645/recent-advances-in-understanding-the-biology-of-follicular-lymphoma
#8
REVIEW
Momoko Nishikori
Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent B-cell lymphoma, develops over decades before manifesting as overt disease. BCL2 overexpression by t(14;18) confers a survival advantage to B cells during the germinal center reaction, and abnormalities in epigenetic modifier genes lead to desynchronization of gene expression changes in germinal center B cells. Studies in mouse models have shown that BCL2 overexpression and epigenetic deregulation in B cells cooperatively promote lymphomagenesis. The immune microenvironment also plays an essential role in the biology of FL, and many molecular prognostic indicators based on the immune microenvironment have been proposed...
March 27, 2024: International Journal of Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536591/circ_0020460-drives-tumorigenesis-in-cervical-cancer-through-mir-485-3p-sponging
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kun Yan, Chunyan Hu, Yali Cheng, Lingzhi Zheng, Baojin Zeng, Sujun Zhao, Chen Liu
Deregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is widely recognized in cancer progression. Our study aims to investigate the role of circ_0020460 in the development of cervical cancer (CC) and its potential mechanism of action. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot assays were used to detect the expression levels of circ_0020460, miR-485-3p and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1). The roles of circ_0020460 on cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis were investigated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Ethynyl deoxyuridine (Edu) assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry assay, and tube formation assay, respectively...
March 27, 2024: Discover. Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536522/composition-of-the-rumen-microbiome-and-its-association-with-methane-yield-in-dairy-cattle-raised-in-tropical-conditions
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Priscila Fregulia, Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias, Mariana Magalhães Campos, Thierry Ribeiro Tomich, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira, André Luis Alves Neves
BACKGROUND: Methane (CH4 ) emissions from rumen fermentation are a significant contributor to global warming. Cattle with high CH4 emissions tend to exhibit lower efficiency in milk and meat production, as CH4 production represents a loss of the gross energy ingested by the animal. The objective of this study was to investigate the taxonomic and functional composition of the rumen microbiome associated with methane yield phenotype in dairy cattle raised in tropical areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-two Girolando (F1 Holstein x Gyr) heifers were classified based on their methane yield (g CH4 / kg dry matter intake (DMI)) as High CH4 yield and Low CH4 yield...
March 27, 2024: Molecular Biology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536444/sec18-binds-the-tethering-sm-complex-hops-to-engage-the-qc-snare-for-membrane-fusion
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amy Orr, William Wickner
Membrane fusion is regulated by Rab GTPases, their tethering effectors such as HOPS, SNARE proteins on each fusion partner, SM proteins to catalyze SNARE assembly, Sec17 (SNAP), and Sec18 (NSF). Though concentrated HOPS can support fusion without Sec18, we now report that fusion falls off sharply at lower HOPS levels, where direct Sec18 binding to HOPS restores fusion. This Sec18-dependent fusion needs adenine nucleotide but neither ATP hydrolysis nor Sec17. Sec18 enhances HOPS recognition of the Qc-SNARE. With high levels of HOPS, Qc has a Km for fusion of a few nM...
March 27, 2024: Molecular Biology of the Cell
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536205/single-molecule-exchange-inside-a-nanocage-provides-insights-into-the-origin-of-%C3%AF-%C3%AF-interactions
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenying Hao, Bingyuan Guo, Jianchuan Liu, Qianyuan Ren, Shumu Li, Qian Li, Ke Zhou, Lei Liu, Hai-Chen Wu
The attractive interactions between aromatic rings, also known as π-π interactions, have been widely used for decades. However, the origin of π-π interactions remains controversial due to the difficulties in experimentally measuring the weak interactions between π-systems. Here, we construct an elaborate system to accurately compare the strength of the π-π interactions between phenylalanine derivatives via molecular exchange processes inside a protein nanopore. Based on quantitative comparison of binding strength, we find that in most cases, the π-π interaction is primarily driven by dispersive attraction, with the electrostatic interaction playing a secondary role and tending to be repulsive...
March 27, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536078/genetic-associations-between-circulating-immune-cells-and-periodontitis-highlight-the-prospect-of-systemic-immunoregulation-in-periodontal-care
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinjian Ye, Yijing Bai, Mengjun Li, Yuhang Ye, Yitong Chen, Bin Liu, Yuwei Dai, Shan Wang, Weiyi Pan, Zhiyong Wang, Yingying Mao, Qianming Chen
Periodontitis drives irreversible destruction of periodontal tissue and is prone to exacerbating inflammatory disorders. Systemic immunomodulatory management continues to be an attractive approach in periodontal care, particularly within the context of 'predictive, preventive, and personalized' periodontics. The present study incorporated genetic proxies identified through genome-wide association studies for circulating immune cells and periodontitis into a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) framework...
March 27, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536022/microstructures-of-layered-ni-rich-cathodes-for-lithium-ion-batteries
#14
REVIEW
Jingyu Lu, Chao Xu, Wesley Dose, Sunita Dey, Xihao Wang, Yehui Wu, Deping Li, Lijie Ci
Millions of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road are powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on nickel-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes, and they suffer from a limited driving range and safety concerns. Increasing the Ni content is a key way to boost the energy densities of LIBs and alleviate the EV range anxiety, which are, however, compromised by the rapid performance fading. One unique challenge lies in the worsening of the microstructural stability with a rising Ni-content in the cathode. In this review, we focus on the latest advances in the understanding of NLRO microstructures, particularly the microstructural degradation mechanisms, state-of-the-art stabilization strategies, and advanced characterization methods...
March 27, 2024: Chemical Society Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535981/coordination-of-copper-within-a-crystalline-carbon-nitride-and-its-catalytic-reduction-of-co-2
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Magnus Pauly, Ethan White, Mawuli Deegbey, Emmanuel Adu Fosu, Landon Keller, Scott McGuigan, Golnaz Dianat, Eric Gabilondo, Jian Cheng Wong, Corban G E Murphey, Bo Shang, Hailiang Wang, James F Cahoon, Renato Sampaio, Yosuke Kanai, Gregory Parsons, Elena Jakubikova, Paul A Maggard
Inherently disordered structures of carbon nitrides have hindered an atomic level tunability and understanding of their catalytic reactivity. Starting from a crystalline carbon nitride, poly(triazine imide) or PTI/LiCl, the coordination of copper cations to its intralayer N -triazine groups was investigated using molten salt reactions. The reaction of PTI/LiCl within CuCl or eutectic KCl/CuCl2 molten salt mixtures at 280 to 450 °C could be used to yield three partially disordered and ordered structures, wherein the Cu cations are found to coordinate within the intralayer cavities...
March 27, 2024: Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535979/understanding-multiple-sclerosis-as-a-disease-spectrum-above-and-below-the-clinical-threshold
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen Krieger, Karin Cook, Carrie M Hersh
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Research in multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been predicated on clinical groupings that do not reflect the underlying biologic heterogeneity apparent within patient populations. This review explicates the various levels of explanation through which the spectrum of disease is described and investigated both above and below the clinical threshold of detection, as framed by the topographical model of MS, to help advance a cogent mechanistic framework. RECENT FINDINGS: Contemporary evidence has amended the view of MS as consisting of sequential disease phases in favor of a spectrum of disease with an admixture of interdependent and dynamic pathobiological axes driving tissue injury and progression...
March 28, 2024: Current Opinion in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535975/characterization-of-odorants-in-a-commercial-culinary-sage-salvia-officinalis-l-and-several-cultivars
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nancy Chiang, Melissa Dein, Thien H Nguyen, Danielle M Trudelle, Chi-Tang Ho, John P Munafo
Culinary sage, Salvia officinalis L., is a popular spice plant commonly used throughout the world. In this study, 35 odorants were identified in dried sage via solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), including 9 that were identified in sage for the first time. Fifteen odorants were quantitated by stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA), and their odor activity values (OAVs) were determined. Odorants with high OAVs included (2 E,6Z )-nona-2,6-dienal, 1,8-cineole, and β-myrcene...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535804/heterogeneity-of-size-and-toxin-distribution-in-aggregatibacter-actinomycetemcomitans-outer-membrane-vesicles
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin B Nice, Shannon M Collins, Samuel M J Agro, Anxhela Sinani, Spencer D Moros, Leah M Pasch, Angela C Brown
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with localized aggressive periodontitis as well as some systemic diseases. The strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans most closely associated with disease produce more of a secreted leukotoxin (LtxA) than isolates from healthy carriers, suggesting a key role for this toxin in disease progression. LtxA is released into the bacterial cytosol in a free form as well as in association with the surface of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We previously observed that the highly leukotoxic A...
March 7, 2024: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535659/monolithic-integration-of-gan-based-transistors-and-micro-led
#19
REVIEW
Honghui He, Jinpeng Huang, Tao Tao, Ting Zhi, Kaixin Zhang, Zhe Zhuang, Yu Yan, Bin Liu
Micro-LED is considered an emerging display technology with significant potential for high resolution, brightness, and energy efficiency in display applications. However, its decreasing pixel size and complex manufacturing process create challenges for its integration with driving units. Recently, researchers have proposed various methods to achieve highly integrated micro-structures with driving unit. Researchers take advantage of the high performance of the transistors to achieve low power consumption, high current gain, and fast response frequency...
March 12, 2024: Nanomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535381/discovery-of-novel-potential-insecticide-resistance-mutations-in-spodoptera-frugiperda
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuhao Cai, Huilin Chen, Mengfan Hu, Xuegui Wang, Lei Zhang
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda , is a worldwide agricultural pest that invaded China in 2018, and has developed resistance to multiple insecticides. The evolution of insecticide resistance is facilitated by mutations of target genes responsible for conferring resistance. In this study, amplicon sequencing analyzed 21 sites in six resistance genes. In addition to known mutations, unknown variants were also found, including novel variants: F290C ( ace-1 gene, 0.1% frequency), I1040T/V ( CHSA gene, 0...
March 11, 2024: Insects
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