Demographic change

BACKGROUND: Establishing effective pharmacovigilance systems globally is challenging due to the need for comprehensive epidemiological data on pharmacovigilance-related events, particularly in countries at different stages of development. AIM: This study aimed to determine magnitude and drivers of change in the global and regional burden of pharmacovigilance-related events from 1990 to 2019, analyzing variations between age groups and sex, providing data support for policymakers to adjust their pharmacovigilance policies...

BACKGROUND: The long-term prognosis of colon cancer patients remains little changed with relatively high mortality and morbidity. Since the most widely used prognostic parameter TNM staging system is less satisfactory in predicting prognosis in early-stage cancers, numerous clinicopathological factors, including tumor necrosis, have been proposed for prognosis stratification, but substantial evidences are still lacking for early-stage colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the retrospective study, a total of eligible 173 stage I-II colon cancer patients, who received tumor radical resection and lymphadenectomy in the local hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, were enrolled for analyzing the prognostic role of tumor necrosis...

BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis is a disease that imposes a heavy burden worldwide, but its incidence varies widely by region. Therefore, we analysed data on the incidence and mortality of cirrhosis in 204 countries and territories from 1990-2019 and projected the disease development from 2019-2039. METHODS: Data on the incidence and mortality of liver cirrhosis from 1990 to 2019 were acquired from the public Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. In addition, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of the age-standardized rate (ASR) of cirrhosis in different regions were calculated...

Endoscopy-related musculoskeletal injuries (ERIs) are frequent among gastrointestinal, pulmonary, nasal, and urologic endoscopists, impacting the healthcare system. The present review aims to compare the ERI rates, risk factors, and ergonomic recommendations in the different endoscopic fields. A review was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library for articles based on surveys and published until 10 January 2024. Demographic, work, and ERI data from 46 publications were included, covering 10,539 responders...

BACKGROUND: Recently, injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine (ICAB/RPV) became available for HIV treatment. However, there are no real-life data on the impact of switching to ICAB/RPV on sleep disturbances (SD). Therefore, we aimed at assessing and investigating this aspect in our cohort. METHODS: A SD multidimensional assessment (Epworth Sleepiness scale, Insomnia severity Index, Berlin Questionnaire, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) was performed to all people who consented before starting ICAB/RPV and 12 wk after the switch...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report is to review oral FLH, with emphasis on palatal lesions. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed for case reports and case series of palatal FLH published in the English language literature. Relevant data from collated articles was sought, including patient demographics, clinical manifestations, imaging modalities and findings, comorbidities, etiopathogenesis, lesional management, and lesional outcome...

BackgroundIn France, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) testing switched from universal to selective testing in 2016.AimTo investigate changes in LGV-affected populations, we performed a nationwide survey based on temporarily reinstated universal LGV testing from 2020 to 2022.MethodsEach year, during three consecutive months, laboratories voluntarily sent anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis -positive samples from men and women to the National Reference Centre for bacterial sexually transmitted infections. We collected patients' demographic, clinical and biological data...

OBJECTIVES: Earlier electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with earlier percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and better patient outcomes. However, the exact relationship between timely ECG and timely PCI is unclear. METHODS: We quantified the influence of door-to-ECG (D2E) time on ECG-to-PCI balloon (E2B) intervention in this three-year retrospective cohort study, including patients from 10 geographically diverse emergency departments (EDs) co-located with a PCI center...

Influenced by rapid changes in climate and landscape features since the Miocene, widely distributed species provide suitable models to study the environmental impact on their evolution and current genetic diversity. The dice snake Natrix tessellata , widely distributed in the Western Palearctic is one such species. We aimed to resolve a detailed phylogeography of N . tessellata with a focus on the Central Asian clade with 4 and the Anatolia clade with 3 mitochondrial lineages, trace their origin, and correlate the environmental changes that affected their distribution through time...

An intense period of human population expansion over the past 250 years is about to cease. Total fertility rates are falling dramatically all over the world such that highly industrialized nations, including China and the tiger economies of SE Asia, will see their populations decline significantly in the coming decades. The socioeconomic, geopolitical and environmental ramifications of this change are considerable and invite a multidisciplinary consideration of the underlying mechanisms. In the short-term, socioeconomic factors, particularly urbanization and delayed childbearing are powerful drivers of reduced fertility...

Background General anaesthesia (GA) is predominantly important for conducting tracheal intubation; it should be quick and precise, having a prudent performance. It is preferable to use a neuromuscular blocking drug, which ideally should be highly potent, with a rapid onset and a short duration clinical effect in order to prevent the development of hypoxia during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation and also avoid any changes in haemodynamics caused by the release of histamine, ganglion block, and anti-muscarinic actions...

The rate and prevalence of hallucinations in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia is well established. The mechanisms for underlying vulnerability however are the least well described in FTD compared with other neuropsychiatric conditions, despite the presence of these features significantly complicating the diagnostic process. As such, this present study aimed to provide a detailed characterization of the neural, cognitive and behavioural profile associated with a predisposition to hallucinatory experiences in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia...

Staphylococcus aureus in the bloodstream causes high morbidity and mortality, exacerbated by the spread of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We aimed to characterize the circulating lineages of S. aureus from bloodstream infections and the contribution of individual lineages to resistance over time. Here, we generated 852 high-quality short-read draft genome sequences of S. aureus isolates from patient blood cultures in a single hospital from 2010 to 2022. A total of 80 previously recognized sequence types (ST) and five major clonal complexes are present in the population...

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is the most common cardiovascular disease, the mortality rate of which is increasing significantly. The most important way to prevent a second attack in patients undergoing angioplasty is self-care, which can be influenced by several factors such as the patient's beliefs. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effect of a web-based intervention based on the Pender's health promotion model in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS: The present clinical trial study was conducted with 99 patients undergoing angioplasty treatment referring to Bushehr Heart Specialist Center...

BACKGROUND: In complex teeth like maxillary premolars, endodontic treatment success depends on a complete comprehension of root canal anatomy. The research on mandibular premolars' root canal anatomy has been extensive and well-documented in existing literature. However, there appears to be a notable gap in available data concerning the root canal anatomy of maxillary premolars. This study aimed to explore the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, considering age and gender variations...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 virus has had wide-ranging effects on all healthcare systems and a direct impact on all areas of human life in all countries around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive actions to reduce the prevalence and severity of the complications associated with this disease. The purpose of this study was to explain the dimensions of adopting general self-care behaviors (mask-wearing, social distancing, hand hygiene, and home quarantine) for preventing COVID-19 based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in cardiovascular patients...

Cognitive dysfunction, a significant complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can potentially manifest even from the early stages of the disease. Despite evidence of global brain atrophy and related cognitive dysfunction in early-stage T2DM patients, specific regions vulnerable to these changes have not yet been identified. The study enrolled patients with T2DM of less than five years' duration and without chronic complications (T2DM group, n=100) and demographically similar healthy controls (control group, n=50)...

The Italian Ministry of Health reports annually on activities related to abortion and fertility, providing quantitative data that looks ripe for analysis. Actors ranging from activists to medical providers to European courts have criticised the data as misleading, but the Ministry reports have not changed. In this piece, we bring together different perspectives on this data from inside and outside academia and offer guidance on how it should-and should not-be used in research.In this article, we collect a wide variety of publications ranging from civil society groups' reports to court decisions, academic articles and investigative reporting and harmonise the way they engage with the Italian Ministry of Health's data regarding abortion and particularly conscientious objection...

BACKGROUND: Paediatric laceration repair procedures are common in the ED; however, post-discharge recovery remains understudied. Perioperative research demonstrates that children exhibit maladaptive behavioural changes following stressful and painful medical procedures. This study examined post-discharge recovery following paediatric laceration repair in the ED. METHODS: This prospective observational study included a convenience sample of 173 children 2-12 years old undergoing laceration repair in a paediatric ED in Orange, California, USA between April 2022 and August 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Disparities in stroke outcomes, influenced by the use of systemic thrombolysis, endovascular therapies, and rehabilitation services, have been identified. Our study assesses these disparities in mortality after stroke between rural and urban areas across the United States (US). METHODS: We analyzed the CDC data on deaths attributed to cerebrovascular disease from 1999-2020. Data was categorized into rural and urban regions for comparative purposes...