Subarachnoid hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by intense central inflammation, leading to substantial post-hemorrhagic complications such as vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. 2,6,7 Given the anti-inflammatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) and its ability to promote brain plasticity, taVNS has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for SAH patients. 3,8,9 However, the effects of taVNS on cardiovascular dynamics in critically ill patients like those with SAH have not yet been investigated...

BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of heparin during and following endovascular procedures in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients, limited research has explored the incidence and impact of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) on SAH. METHODS: Descriptive statistics, multivariate regressions, and propensity score-matching were employed to compare clinical characteristics, comorbidities, interventions, complications, and outcomes of HIT in SAH patients identified within the US National Inpatient Sample database from 2010 to 2019...

BACKGROUND: Various clinical symptoms and variables have been suggested as potential indicators of outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) resulting from ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The detailed discussion of the consequences of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), frequently reported in cases of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms, is still pending. The study aimed to assess the results of aneurysm surgery performed early versus delayed in patients with SAH, specifically focusing on the occurrence of IVH...

BACKGROUND: Although secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (sNPH) can occur in various central nervous system diseases, there are no reports of sNPH caused by pituitary lesions. Herein, we present a unique case of sNPH caused by pituitary apoplexy. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 70-year-old man was transferred to our hospital because of a sudden onset of headache and loss of consciousness. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test showed slightly elevated cell counts and protein levels but a negative CSF culture test...

BACKGROUND: Following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, 40-50% of survivors experience cognitive dysfunction, which affects their quality of life. Anesthetic agents play a pivotal role in aneurysm surgeries. However, substantial evidence regarding their effects on neurocognitive function is lacking. This study evaluated the effects of propofol and desflurane on postoperative neurocognitive function and serum S-100B levels. METHODS: One hundred patients were equally randomized to receive either propofol (Group P) or desflurane (Group D)...

Background: Headache is a debilitating complication following an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Despite its impact on morbidity and quality of life, limited evidence characterizes the effectiveness of opioids. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate opioid associated reduction in pain scores in patients with aSAH-associated headache. Methods: This is a retrospective study of adult patients with an aSAH, Hunt and Hess grades I - III, admitted to a neurosciences intensive care unit. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to characterize headache treatment strategies and opioid associated reduction in pain scores...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a paucity of high-level evidence for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in posterior cerebral artery (PCA) strokes. METHODS: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were queried for well-conducted cohort studies comparing EVT vs medical management (MM) for PCA strokes. Outcomes of interest included 90-day functional outcomes, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and death. The level of evidence was determined per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria...

PURPOSE: The study aims to investigate the effect of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on the outcome of patients with SAH undergone endovascular occlusion or surgical clipping. METHODS: Clinical data of consecutive patients with SAH patients who were managed in the neurosurgical department of Kanuni Research and Training Hospital in Trabzon from January 2020 to June 2022 was analyzed. The primary endpoint was early mortality in one month. The prognostic role of PNI was investigated...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high mortality and disability rates, and secondary white matter injury is an important cause of poor prognosis. However, whether brain capillary pericytes can directly affect the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and subsequently affect white matter injury repair has still been revealed. This study was designed to investigate the effect of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) for OPC differentiation and maturation...

Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is characterized by the multifocal dissemination of malignant cells into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pia mater, and subarachnoid space. Involvement can occur in the advanced stage of malignancy, causing multifocal involvement and a wide array of symptoms. Diagnosis requires suspicions and a multimodal approach that includes imaging, lumbar puncture, and diagnostic laboratory evaluation. This case represents a female with a history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and venous thromboembolism on chronic anticoagulation who presented due to acute encephalopathy, hallucinations, and right cranial nerve III palsy for 10 days before arrival...

BACKGROUND: After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) due to disrupted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics is a critical concern. An external ventricular drainage (EVD) is commonly employed for management; however, optimal strategies remain debated. The randomized controlled Earlydrain trial showed that an additional prophylactic lumbar drainage (LD) after aneurysm treatment improves neurological outcome. We performed a post hoc investigation on the impact of drainage volumes and critical ICP values on patient outcomes after aSAH...

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that can predict the shunt responsiveness in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients and to investigate postoperative outcome and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 192 patients with iNPH who underwent shunt at our hospital between 2000 and 2021 were included to investigate complications. Of these, after exclusion, 127 (1-month postoperative follow-up) and 77 (1-year postoperative follow-up) patients were evaluated...

Objectives: We describe a case of anti-phospholipid syndrome (APLS) vasculopathy presenting with Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) and show the associated intracranial vessel wall MRI (VWI) findings. Methods: A 37-year-old-woman presented with acute onset dizziness and left-sided weakness. Neurologic exam revealed a left facial droop and left hemiparesis. She underwent a comprehensive laboratory work-up for stroke. Neuroimaging included a CT head, CT angiogram, VWI, and digital subtraction angiography. Results: Work-up revealed a triple-positive APLS antibody profile...

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular event associated with high mortality and significant morbidity. Recent studies have highlighted the emerging role of ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, in the pathogenesis of SAH. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been found to play essential roles in various cellular processes, including gene regulation and disease pathogenesis. The expression profile of circRNAs in neural tissues, particularly in the brain, suggests their critical role in synaptic function and neurogenesis...

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients with cerebral autoregulation (CA) impairment at an early post-SAH period are at high risk of unfavorable outcomes due to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) or other complications. Limited evidence exists for an association between early-stage CA impairments and SAH patient outcomes. The objective of this prospective study was to explore associations between CA impairments detected in early post-SAH snapshot examinations and patient outcomes...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Syncope is responsible for approximately 1-3% of all emergency department (ED) visits and up to 6% of all hospital admissions in the United States. Although often of no long-term consequence, syncope can be the first presentation of a range of serious conditions such as strokes, tumors, or subarachnoid hemorrhages. Head computed tomography (CT) scanning is therefore commonly ordered in the ED for patients presenting with syncope to rule out any of these conditions, which may present without other associated physical or neurological findings on initial examination...

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a form of severe acute stroke with very high mortality and disability rates. Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with SAH. Currently, some researchers have started to focus on changes in amino acid metabolism that occur in brain tissues after SAH. Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is semi-essential in animals, and it plays important roles in various processes, such as neurodevelopment, osmotic pressure regulation, and membrane stabilization...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of endovascular embolization of posterior communicating artery (Pcom) aneurysms on concomitant oculomotor nerve palsy (OMNP) and factors affecting the effect of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with the Pcom aneurysms concomitant with OMNP were retrospectively enrolled for endovascular treatment of the aneurysms. All patients had the endovascular management. The clinical effect, degree of OMNP, size of the aneurysm, type of treatment, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and time from onset to treatment were analyzed on the resolution of OMNP...