Sports medicine

OBJECTIVE: To understand factors associated with missed academic time after concussion to improve support for patients. Our goal was to assess patient-specific predictors of total school time lost after pediatric/adolescent concussion. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a prospective cohort study of children and adolescents (8-18 years of age) seen within 14 days of concussion from seven pediatric medical centers across the United States. We collected outcomes via the Concussion Learning Assessment & School Survey (CLASS) and constructed a multivariable predictive model evaluating patient factors associated with school time loss...

BACKGROUND: Unsupervised exercise intervention (UNSUP) appears to be a practical and beneficial strategy for older adults, although its feasibility and effectiveness compared to supervised exercise intervention (SUP) remains unknown. We aimed to compare the safety, attendance/adherence rates, and effectiveness of SUP versus UNSUP on physical function and well-being outcomes in older adults. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and APA PsycINFO up to September 2022 for randomized controlled trials comparing SUP versus UNSUP in older adults (≥ 60 years)...

BACKGROUND: Athletes commonly use creatine, caffeine, and sodium bicarbonate for performance enhancement. While their isolated effects are well-described, less is known about their potential additive effects. METHODS: Following a baseline trial, we randomized 12 endurance-trained males (age: 25 ± 5 years, VO2max : 56.7 ± 4.6 mL kg-1  min-1 ; mean ± SD) and 11 females (age: 25 ± 3 years, VO2max : 50...

BACKGROUND: Return to play (RTP) protocols are an important part of recovery management following a sport related concussion (SRC) and can prevent athletes from returning to competition too early and thereby avoid prolonged recovery times. To assist sporting organizations in the development of RTP guidelines, the Concussion in Sports Group (CISG) provides scientific based recommendations for the management of SRC in its consensus statement on concussion in sport. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates commonalities and differences among current RTP protocols of international sporting organizations and examines the implementation of the most recent CISG recommendations...

OBJECTIVE: Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) require a strict diet to maintain phenylalanine (Phe) levels within the desired range. However, the diet can be onerous, resulting in poor adherence. We carried out the first online national survey in Italy to better understand the perceptions, knowledge, and experiences of both patients with PKU and caregivers with the goal of improving patient outcomes. METHODS: An online survey of 35 questions to patients and 36 questions to caregivers was distributed in September 2022 through physicians and relevant Italian associations...

BACKGROUND: Surgeon performance has been investigated as a factor affecting patient outcomes after orthopaedic procedures to improve transparency between patients and providers. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to identify whether surgeon performance influenced patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) 1 year after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM). It was hypothesized that there would be no significant difference in PROMs between patients who underwent APM from various surgeons...

BACKGROUND: The need for capsular closure during arthroscopic hip labral repair is debated. PURPOSE: To compare pain and functional outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic hip labral repair with concomitant repair or plication of the capsule versus no closure. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: Outcomes were compared between patients undergoing arthroscopic hip labral repair with concomitant repair or plication of the capsule versus no closure at up to 2 years postoperatively and with stratification by age and sex...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application effect of intelligent health education based on the health belief model on patients with postoperative kinesophobia after surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy, decompression, and fusion surgery with a single central nerve and spine center, and who had postoperative kinesophobia, ie, fear of movement. The patients made voluntary decisions concerning whether they would receive the intervention of intelligent health education...

OBJECTIVE: To report epidemiological data regarding injury and illness among the Team USA staff during the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. METHODS: A retrospective review of all Team USA staff (total staff, N=1703 (62.5% female); total staff days (SD)=34 489) medical encounters during the Tokyo 2020 Games and Beijing 2022 Games was conducted. Details related to injury and illness were evaluated...

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BACKGROUND: This study investigated morphological, cardiovascular and neuromuscular profiles among asymptomatic sedentary men performing the Islamic prayer (Salaah). This study emphasised the need for an inquiry into unique sedentary populations who perform Islamic prayer as physical activity. METHODS: An experimental study was conducted among male participants (n=20). Resting heart rate (RHR), resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (BF%) were measured before a timed Salaah simulation activity...

In the realm of human motion recognition systems, the augmentation of 3D human pose data plays a pivotal role in enriching and enhancing the quality of original datasets through the generation of synthetic data. This augmentation is vital for addressing the current research gaps in diversity and complexity, particularly when dealing with rare or complex human movements. Our study introduces a groundbreaking approach employing Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), coupled with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and DenseNet, further enhanced by robot-assisted technology to improve the precision and efficiency of data collection...

The effects of a 12-week gait retraining program on the adaptation of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and muscle-tendon unit (MTU) were investigated. 26 runners with a rearfoot strike pattern (RFS) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: gait retraining (GR) or control group (CON). MG ultrasound images, marker positions, and ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected twice during 9 km/h of treadmill running before and after the intervention. Ankle kinetics and the MG and MTU behavior and dynamics were quantified...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze how spatiotemporal gait parameters, active knee extension range of motion, muscle activity, and self-perceived function change over a seven-day period in healthy individuals after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in the hamstrings. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy males participated in four sessions before and after EIMD (pre-EIMD, 48 h, 96 h, and 168 h post-EIMD)...

OBJECTIVE: Assess inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Qualitative Analysis of Single Leg Squat (QASLS) during a single-leg triple hop landing in subjects following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Explore if differences in reliability existed between novice and experienced clinicians. Determine if QASLS scores differed between the surgical and nonsurgical limbs. DESIGN: Repeated Measures. PARTICIPANTS: 20 subjects ≥6 months post-ACLR...

BACKGROUND: Osgood-Schlatter is the most frequent growth-related injury affecting about 10% of physically active adolescents. It can cause long-term pain and limitations in sports and physical activity, with potential sequela well into adulthood. The management of Osgood-Schlatter is very heterogeneous. Recent systematic reviews have found low level evidence for surgical intervention and injection therapies, and an absence of studies on conservative management. Recently, a novel self-management approach with exercise, education, and activity modification, demonstrated favorable outcomes for adolescents with patellofemoral pain and Osgood-Schlatter in prospective cohort studies...

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify the optimal method for determining V̇O2max in competitive swimmers in terms of validity and test-retest reliability. DESIGN: Controlled experiment. METHODS: Twenty competitive swimmers performed four maximal incremental exercise tests: cycling, arm cranking, ergometer swimming, and tethered swimming. Gas analysis was conducted to estimate V̇O2max . Validity was assessed in terms of the amount of variance of the performance on a 1500-m time trial explained by the estimated V̇O2max ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of glenohumeral internal (IR) and external rotation (ER), horizontal adduction (HA), and thoracic spine rotation ranges of motion (ROM), isometric muscle strength of the shoulder rotators, and trunk muscle endurance with the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-UQ), and the Upper Limb Rotation Test (ULRT) in overhead athletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To determine the normal range of serum levels of total 25(OH)VD in Iraqi healthy adult subjects and to relate its level with demographic profile and socioeconomic status.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at Iraq and the samples were collected during the period from August 2019 to January 2020. It included 649 adult subjects apparently healthy, from three governorates (Baghdad, Al-Anbar and Al-Basrah), Investigations included serum measurement of total 25(OH)D in all included individuals by using ELISA technique...

INTRODUCTION: Due to a variety of barriers, the majority of cancer survivors do not do enough physical activity to meet current recommendations. This study will assess the feasibility of participation in parkrun walk-run events as a novel mode of community rehabilitation exercise. METHODS: This protocol describes a single-arm intervention study with participants acting as their own controls. The study accepts adults diagnosed with any type of cancer, undergoing treatment or in remission...