Flavanoids

Plants thrive under abiotic and biotic stress conditions with the changes in phytohormones like salicylic acid (SA), resulting in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The present study determines the response of plants in producing secondary metabolites towards different SA concentrations at varying time intervals. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies in Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker seedlings are grown at 10 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM SA concentrations, showed the differential expression of metabolites towards the stress...

L-asparaginase is used in chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other cancers. L-asparaginase derived from bacterial source triggers immune responses. The current study investigates Solanum nigrum as a novel and latent source of L-asparaginase to minimize immunological reactions. The antitumor activity of SN methanol extract was determined using the potato disc assay. InterPro Chimera and InterPro were used to predict the amino acid sequence of L-asparaginase and its anticancer activity. Purification of the enzyme was carried out to homogeneity of 1...

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a lethal disease that occurs after percutaneous intervention which may lead acute myocardial infarction patients to heart failure. Therefore, it is an important issue to find solutions for MIRI. A newly discovered cell death named ferroptosis has been associated with MIRI. Ferroptosis, which is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxide is distinct from necrosis and apoptosis. Lipophilic antioxidants like ferrostatin-1 have been discovered to inhibit ferroptosis effectively...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of pharmacological (PT) and nonpharmacological treatments (NPT) in women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and determine the most effective treatment method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We enrolled 85 PD participants with PD who were randomly classified into five groups: pharmacological groups; naproxen sodium (NS) and micronized purified flavanoid fraction (MPFF), nonpharmacological groups; motor imagery focused pelvic floor exercise (MOPEXE) and acupressure, and no treatment group; control...

BACKGROUND: The flavonoid 2', 4'-dihydroxy-5'-(1''', 1'''-dimethylallyl)-8-prenylpinocembrin (8PP) obtained from Dalea elegans roots inhibits cell growth and cdr pumps, in addition to reversing fluconazole (FCZ) resistance in Candida albicans. AIMS: To study the effects of 8PP and FCZ on cdr-associated ATPase and cell energy generation in azole-resistant C. albicans planktonic cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ATPase activity was measured as oligomycin-sensitive release of inorganic phosphate in fractions containing plasmatic membranes...

Oligosaccharides are potential prebiotic which maintains gut microbiota and improves gut health. The association of gut and brain is named as gut-brain-axis. Gut dysbiosis disrupts gut-brain-axis and effectively contributes to psychiatric disorders. In the present study, Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) and Quercetin were used as therapeutic interventions against gut dysbiosis mediated cognitive decline. Gut dysbiosis was established in mice through administration of Ampicillin Sodium, orally for 14 days. XOS and quercetin were administered separately or in combination along with antibiotic...

BACKGROUND: The utilization of medicinal plants and their drugs have the advantage of reducing side effects compared with manufactured antimicrobials. Artificial drugs have unpleasant side effects, further, the number of drug resistant pathogens is increasing, thus huge challenge for control of resistant pathogens. Therefore, the current research explores the potential of partially purified bioactive compounds from Dodonaea viscosa against certain human pathogens. METHODS: Healthy leaves of D...

We report a practical and efficient method for the synthesis of bioactive flavanoids relying on the strategic use of o -quinine methide ( o -QM) intermediates. This involves Brønsted acid-catalysed iterative generation of o -QMs/[4+2] cycloaddition/intermolecular Michael addition/cyclative acetalization in a cascade sequence for the synthesis of dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes. The 'one-pot', controlled cascade sequence successfully provided the shortest route amenable for gram scale synthesis of natural products (±)-myristicyclins A-B...

Since ancient times, litchi has been well recognized as a functional food for the management of various ailments. Many bioactives, including flavanoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, and lignans, have been identified from litchi with a myriad of biological properties both in vitro and in vivo . In spite of the extensive research progress, systemic reviews regarding the bioactives of litchi are rather scarce. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively analyze the pharmacological activities and the structure-activity relationships of the abundant bioactives of litchi...

The Himalayan wild berries Myrica esculenta, Duchesnea indica, Prunus cerasoides and Berberis lycium were studied first time for polyphenolic compositions using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The chemical analysis of extracts resulted into identification of 69 polyphenols, including eleven anthocyanins, twenty-eight phenolic acids, nineteen flavanoids, ten ellagitannins and one dihydrochalcone. The caffeoyl quinic acids, quercetin, kaempferol and cyanidin are the common moieties in studied wild berries...

Crinum biflorum Rottb. (syn. Crinum distichum ) is an Amaryllidaceae plant used in African traditional medicine but very few studies have been performed on this species from a chemical and applicative point of view. Bulbs of C. biflorum , collected in Senegal, were extracted with ethanol by Soxhlet and the corresponding organic extract was purified using chromatographic methods. The pure compounds were chemically characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1D and 2D 1 H and 13 C NMR, HR MS and ECD) and X-ray analysis...

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized with abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, and dealing with IBS is still a clinical challenge. The pathogenesis of IBS has been reported to be linked to low-grade mucosal inflammation, and macrophages contribute to the pathological process of this disease. Kurarinone (KAR), a flavanoid derived from Sophora flavescens , has been found medically effective in many inflammatory conditions and cancers. KAR was previously reported to inhibit LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, whether and how KAR regulates the functions of macrophage in IBS remains to be elusive...

Citrus flavanoids intake can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Naringenin, a natural predominant flavonoid abundant in citrus fruits, possesses protective effects against atherothrombotic diseases. As platelet activation plays central roles in atherothrombogenesis, we studied the effects of naringenin on platelet activation, signaling, thrombosis and hemostasis. Naringenin dose-dependently inhibited agonist-induced platelet aggregation in vitro , and exhibited more-potent efficacy on ADP-induced platelet aggregation...

The flavanoid hesperidin (Hsd) is one of the major polyphenols in citrus fruits. Hsd and its aglycone hesperetin (Hst) have a broad array of bioactivities; however, their low aqueous solubility and low intestinal permeability lead to their limited oral bioavailability. In the present study, we generated two water-soluble derivatives of Hst, namely, Hst 7- O -phosphate and Hst3'- O -phosphate, by a unique bioconversion process of Bacillus subtilis var. natto BCRC80517. The phosphorylated products showed superior aqueous solubility and distinct physicochemical properties compared with the original Hst...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Nepeta adenophyta Hedge (Lamiaceae) is an endemic therapeutic herb from Astore, Gilgit. This plant species has been reported among the local communities, especially for treating abdominal pain, kidney pain, menstrual pain, headache, and controlling bleeding disorders. Therefore, the scientific basis is provided for the relief of pain as it is used in various pain management among the natives, especially as ethnogynecological herbal remedy. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study investigates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of N...

We assessed the efficacy of oral supplementation with the flavanoid apigenin on arterial function during aging and identified critical mechanisms of action. Young (6 mo) and old (27 mo) C57BL/6N mice (model of arterial aging) consumed drinking water containing vehicle (0.2% carboxymethylcellulose; 10 young and 7 old) or apigenin (0.5 mg/mL in vehicle; 10 young and 9 old) for 6 wk. In vehicle-treated animals, isolated carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), bioassay of endothelial function, was impaired in old versus young (70% ± 9% vs...

Chemopreventive approaches with food-derived phytochemicals are progressively rising as a significant aspect of tumor management and control. Herein, we have showcased the major phytoconstituents belonging to the group of flavanoid, as anti-cancer agents used for the treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is the sole drug used for the treatment of advanced HCC, but its clinical application is limited because of its severe adverse effects and drug resistance. Diet-based chemoprevention seems to be the way forward for this disease of malignant nature...

Melicope glabra (Blume) T. G. Hartley from the Rutaceae family is one of the richest sources of plant secondary metabolites, including coumarins and flavanoids. This study investigates the free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of M. glabra and its isolated compounds. M. glabra ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared using the cold maceration technique. The isolation of compounds was performed with column chromatography. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated based on their oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activities...

Self-crosslinking of Tannic acid (TA) was accomplished to obtain poly(tannic acid) ( p (TA)) particles in single step, surfactant free media using sodium periodate (NaIO4 ) as an oxidizing agent. Almost monodisperse p (TA) particles with 981 ± 76 nm sizes and -22 ± 4 mV zeta potential value with ellipsoidal shape was obtained. Only slight degradation of p (TA) particles with 6.8 ± 0.2% was observed at pH 7.4 in PBS up to 15 days because of the irreversible covalent formation between TA units, suggesting that hydrolytic degradation is independent from the used amounts of oxidation agents...

Hesperidin, a naturally occurring flavanoid, is present in citrus family of fruits. It was found effective against an array of pathogens including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Here, we evaluated its antileishmanial activity and possible mechanism of action through different in vitro and in silico experiments. It inhibited the growth and proliferation of the parasites significantly with a IC50 value of 1.019 ± 0.116 mM in vitro . It also reduced the growth of intra-macrophagic amastigotes with a IC50 value of 0...