Andrew Xanthopoulos, Adamantia Papamichail, Alexandros Briasoulis, Konstantinos Loritis, Angeliki Bourazana, Dimitrios E Magouliotis, Pantelis Sarafidis, Ioannis Stefanidis, John Skoularigis, Filippos Triposkiadis
The function of the kidney is tightly linked to the function of the heart. Dysfunction/disease of the kidney may initiate, accentuate, or precipitate of the cardiac dysfunction/disease and vice versa, contributing to a negative spiral. Further, the reciprocal association between the heart and the kidney may occur on top of other entities, usually diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, simultaneously affecting the two organs. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can influence cardiac function through altered hemodynamics and salt and water retention, leading to venous congestion and therefore, not surprisingly, to heart failure (HF)...
September 21, 2023: Journal of Clinical Medicine