blood volume

The present research aimed to document the incidence, clinical signs, haematological, and serum biochemical alterations, as well as electrocardiography and echocardiography findings in 62 buffaloes (selected from a total of 240) infected with Trypanosoma evansi. The study spanned one year, from January 2022 to December 2022. Morphological identification of Trypanosoma evansi was done by the presence of a centrally positioned nucleus with a small sub-terminal kinetoplast at the posterior position through microscopic examination of Giemsa stained peripheral blood smears...

BACKGROUND: Motion induced image artifacts have been the focus of many investigations for x-ray computed tomography (CT). Methodologies of combating patient motion include the use of gating devices to optimize the data acquisition, reduction in patient scan time via faster gantry rotation and large detector coverage, and the development of advanced reconstruction and post-processing algorithms to minimize motion artifacts. PURPOSE: Previously proposed approaches are generally "global" in nature in that motion is characterized for the entire image...

The primary treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) is removing the tumor mass as defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, MRI has limited diagnostic and predictive value. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in GBM microenvironment (TME) and are found in peripheral blood (PB). FKBP51 expression, with its canonical and spliced isoforms, is constitutive in immune cells and aberrant in GBM. Spliced FKBP51s supports M2-polarization. To find an immunological signature that combined with MRI could advance in diagnosis, we immunophenotyped the macrophages of TME and PB from 37 GBM patients using FKBP51s and classical M1-M2 markers...

Despite progress in bone tissue engineering, reconstruction of large bone defects remains an important clinical challenge. Here, we developed a biomaterial designed to recruit bone cells, endothelial cells, and neuronal fibers within the same matrix, enabling bone tissue regeneration. The bioactive matrix is based on modified elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) grafted with laminin-derived adhesion peptides IKVAV and YIGSR, and the SNA15 peptide for retention of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. The composite matrix shows suitable porosity, interconnectivity, biocompatibility for endothelial cells, and the ability to support neurites outgrowth by sensory neurons...

BACKGROUND: The impact of mechanical ventilation on the survival of patients supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains still a focus of research. METHODS: Recent guidelines, randomized trials, and registry data underscore the importance of lung-protective ventilation during respiratory and cardiac support on ECMO. RESULTS: This approach includes decreasing mechanical power delivery by reducing tidal volume and driving pressure as much as possible, using low or very low respiratory rate, and a personalized approach to positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting...

Blood flow restriction (BFR) is a commonly used training modality that has been demonstrated to enhance muscle characteristics such as size and function. The purpose of this study was to determine if a 4-week walking program with or without BFR in healthy, active adults has an effect on body composition, anaerobic, and aerobic running performance. Thirty-three participants, randomized among three groups, completed the walking program, which included five sets of 2 min walking intervals with 1 min rest, with or without BFR, or 10 min walking with BFR...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease of the lungs characterized by chronic airflow obstruction. Individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) may be at risk for developing COPD. This study aimed to characterize PRISm and COPD patients in terms of their immune response and endocrine profile to identify differences extending beyond lung function. The participants performed the clinical assessment, pulmonary function test, and blood collection to determine serum hormone levels and concentrations of cytokine...

INTRODUCTION: Assessing the treatment response of glioblastoma multiforme during immunotherapy (IT) is an open issue. Treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs) might help distinguish true tumor progression (TTP) and pseudoprogression (PsP) in this setting. METHODS: We recruited 16 naïve glioblastoma patients enrolled in a phase II trial consisting of the Stupp protocol (a standardized treatment for glioblastoma involving combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide, followed by adjuvant temozolomide) plus IT with dendritic cells...

INTRODUCTION: Fetal health and a receptive and healthy endometrium are two essential factors in achieving successful implantation. If the endometrium is unreceptive, postponing the transfer cycle to a suitable time can enhance the chances of pregnancy. This study aims to assess the impact of endometrial and sub-endometrial blood flows measured by Doppler ultrasound, as well as endometrial volume, on endometrial receptivity in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. METHODS: 112 patients with a mean age of 33...

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare pediatric cancer. Most children are first diagnosed with advanced locoregional disease. Identification of patients at higher risk of treatment failure is crucial as they may benefit from more aggressive initial treatment approaches. 18 Fluorine-labeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG PET) has shown promise as a prognostic tool for predicting outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective study of pediatric patients with locally advanced undifferentiated NPC who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT prior to intial treatment...

AIMS: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) with profound left ventricular (LV) failure is associated with inadequate LV emptying. To unload the LV, VA-ECMO can be combined with Impella CP (ECMELLA). We hypothesized that ECMELLA improves cardiac energetics compared with VA-ECMO in a porcine model of cardiogenic shock (CS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Land-race pigs (weight 70 kg) were instrumented, including a LV conductance catheter and a carotid artery Doppler flow probe...

Hepatorenal syndrome type 1 (HRS-1) is a unique form of acute kidney injury that affects individuals with decompensated cirrhosis with ascites. The primary mechanism leading to reduction of kidney function in HRS-1 is hemodynamic in nature. Cumulative evidence points to a cascade of events that led to a profound reduction in kidney perfusion. A state of increased intrahepatic vascular resistance characteristic of advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension is accompanied by maladaptive peripheral arterial vasodilation and reduction in systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure...

Hyponatremia is common in patients with liver disease and is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and a reduced quality of life. In liver transplantation, the inclusion of hyponatremia in organ allocation scores has reduced waitlist mortality. Portal hypertension and the resulting lowering of the effective arterial blood volume are important pathogenetic factors, but in most patients with liver disease, hyponatremia is multifactorial. Treatment requires a multifaceted approach that tries to reduce electrolyte-free water intake, restore urinary dilution, and increase nonelectrolyte solute excretion...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost of Rh testing and prophylaxis for first-trimester vaginal bleeding in the ambulatory setting. STUDY DESIGN: We used time-driven, activity-based costing to analyze tasks associated with Rh testing and prophylaxis of first-trimester vaginal bleeding at one hospital-based outpatient and two independent reproductive health clinics. At each site, we observed 10 patients undergoing Rh-typing and two patients undergoing Rh prophylaxis. We computed the costs of blood Rh-typing by both fingerstick and phlebotomy, cost of locating previous blood type in the electronic health record (available for 69...

Background: There is a limited number of studies comparing the levels of inflammation in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls based on complete blood count and platelet parameters. Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 53 drug-naive patients with AN and 53 healthy controls. Results: Significant differences were observed for WBC (white blood cell), neutrophil, MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin) and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) between the study groups...

INTRODUCTION: A specialized service for antifungal blood level determination is not available in Colombia. This service is essential for the proper follow-up of antifungal therapies. OBJECTIVE: To standardize and validate a simple, sensitive, and specific protocol based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector for voriconazole blood level quantification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used an Agilent HPLC™ series-1200 equipment with a UVdiode array detector with an analytical column Eclipse XDB-C18 and pre-column Eclipse- XDB-C18 (Agilent)...

Semi-anadromous animals experience salinity fluctuations during their life-span period. Alterations of environmental conditions induce stress response where catecholamines (CA) play a central role. Physiological stress and changes in external and internal osmolarity are frequently associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, we studied the involvement of the cAMP/PKA pathway in mediating catecholamine-dependent effects on osmoregulatory responses, intracellular production of ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis, Linnaeus, 1758) red blood cells (RBCs)...

This study examined the effects of using mushroom mycelium to ferment tigernut and cassava pulp on the growth performance, haematology and immunology of rabbits. Seventy-five New Zealand Bulk grower rabbits were randomly distributed to four treatment groups and a control group in a completely randomized approach. The treatment groups were fed with formulated experimental diets containing one of fermented tigernut drink by-product (FT), fermented cassava sievate (FC), unfermented tigernut drink by-product (UT), or unfermented cassava sievate (UC)...

Results from two independent clinical validation studies for measuring hemodynamics at the patient's bedside using a compact finger probe are reported. Technology comprises a barometric pressure sensor, and in one implementation, additionally, an optical sensor for photoplethysmography (PPG) is developed, which can be used to measure blood pressure and analyze rhythm, including the continuous detection of atrial fibrillation. The capabilities of the technology are shown in several form factors, including a miniaturized version resembling a common pulse oximeter to which the technology could be integrated in...

BACKGROUND: Ultrafiltration (UF) is a common practice during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) where it is used as a blood management strategy to reduce red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, minimize adverse effects of hemodilution, and reduce proinflammatory mediators. However, its clinical utilization has been shown to vary throughout the continents. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the distribution of UF use across the United States. DATA COLLECTION: Data on UF use during cardiac surgery was obtained from a national (United States) perfusion database for adult cardiac procedures performed from January 2016 through December 2018...