SOX10

Devices to treat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) must balance many considerations to effectively guide regenerating nerves across a gap and achieve functional recovery. To enhance efficacy, design features like luminal fillers have been explored extensively. Material choice for PNI devices is also critical, as the determining factor of device mechanics, and degradation rate and has increasingly been found to directly impact biological response. This study investigated the ways in which synthetic polymer materials impact the differentiation state and myelination potential of Schwann cells, peripheral nerve glia...

SOX10 is a lineage-specific transcription factor critical for melanoma tumor growth, while SOX10 loss-of-function drives the emergence of therapy-resistant, invasive melanoma phenotypes. A major challenge has been developing therapeutic strategies targeting SOX10's role in melanoma proliferation, while preventing a concomitant increase in tumor cell invasion. Here, we report that the lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) EP300 and SOX10 gene loci on Chromosome 22 are frequently co-amplified in melanomas, including UV-associated and acral tumors...

BACKGROUND: The derivation of salivary gland (SG) progenitors from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) presents significant potential for developmental biology and regenerative medicine. However, the existing protocols for inducing SG include limited factors, making it challenging to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of embryonic SGs. METHODS: We reported a cocktail factor approach to promote the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived oral epithelium (OE) into SG progenitors through a three-dimensional co-culture method...

An 11-year-old male Miniature Dachshund dog was presented with dyschezia. Computed tomography examination 35 days after the initial visit revealed a prostate mass (4.0 × 3.5 × 2.7 cm) and prostatectomy and orchiectomy were performed 13 days later. Grossly, the prostate was rubbery and the cut surface of the mass was swollen. The mass was whitish and demarcated from the surrounding tissues. Microscopically, the mass had a capsulate consisting of atypical spindloid stromal cells arranged in a phyllode pattern and also in a fasciculated pattern admixed with acinar ductal cells...

Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a relatively new disease entity, separate from acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC), which frequently displays ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. However, the differences between SC and AciCC remain ambiguous. Genetic diversity makes its diagnosis complicated. In this regard combined expression of immunohistochemistry markers S100/Mammaglobin/SOX10 and DOG1 is need of the hour as alternative methodology. The current systematic review was to investigate the diagnostic utility of combined immunohistochemical expression of S100/Mammaglobin/SOX10/DOG1 in distinction of SC from AciCC histologically...

Ischemic stroke is one of the most vital causes of high neurological morbidity and mortality in the world. Preconditioning exercise is considered as the primary prevention of stroke to resistance to subsequent injury. We tried to research the underlying biological mechanisms of this exercise. Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, exercise group with MCAO (EX + MCAO) group, and sham group, with 14 rats in each group. The EX + MCAO group underwent exercise preconditioning for 3 weeks before occlusion, and the other two groups were fed and exercised normally...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular etiology of Waardenburg syndrome type II (WS2) in a family from Yunnan province, China. METHODS: A total of 406 genes related to hereditary hearing loss were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. DNA samples were isolated from the peripheral blood DNA of probands. Those pathogenic mutations detected by next-generation sequencing in probands and their parents were validated by Sanger sequencing. The conservatism of variation sites in genes was also analyzed...

An 8-year-old American Bulldog developed coalescing exophytic bulbous nodules that grew rapidly on the left pinna and a single cutaneous mass on the left flank. Histological examination of the pinnal biopsy by a diagnostic laboratory revealed a densely cellular neoplasm with haphazardly arranged round to spindle cells with high mitotic activity and epitheliotropism. The initial diagnosis was a poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm with differential diagnoses including melanoma, tumour of histiocytic origin and, less likely, a pleomorphic lymphoma...

The Greek tortoise, inhabiting harsh desert environments, provides a compelling case for investigating skin adaptations to extreme conditions. We have utilized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence analysis to describe the structure of the arid-adapted limb skin in the Greek tortoise. Our aim was to identify the cell types that reflect the skin adaptation of this tortoise to arid conditions. Utilizing seven antibodies, we localized and elucidated the functions of various skin cells, shedding light on how the tortoise adapts to adverse environmental conditions...

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is characterized by hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities of the eyes, hair, and skin. The condition is genetically heterogeneous, and is classified into four clinical types differentiated by the presence of dystopia canthorum in type 1 and its absence in type 2. Additionally, limb musculoskeletal abnormalities and Hirschsprung disease differentiate types 3 and 4, respectively. Genes PAX3 , MITF , SOX10 , KITLG , EDNRB , and EDN3 are already known to be associated with WS. In WS, a certain degree of molecularly undetected patients remains, especially in type 2...

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is rarely documented in the female genital tract, especially confirmed by molecular testing for SYT∷SSX translocation and TLE1 immunostaining. A 62-year-old lady presented with a progressively increasing lump and pain over her right groin, for 6-month duration. Radiologically, a well-defined, solid-cystic mass was seen involving the right labia with necrotic areas, sparing the underlying muscles and the overlying skin. She underwent a biopsy followed by a surgical excision. Histopathologic examination revealed a spindle cell sarcoma, including tumor cells exhibiting a prominent hemangiopericytomatous pattern...

This case report details the rare instance of metastatic spread of cutaneous malignant melanoma to the breast in a 50-year-old female. The patient presented with a palpable axillary mass confirmed to be metastasis despite excision and closure of the primary malignancy. The mass seen in clinical and radiological presentations presented with features of complicated differentiation from a primary breast tumor. Biopsy and staining with immunohistochemical markers S100 and Sox10 played a critical role in confirming the melanocytic origin of this metastatic lesion...

Several members of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) protein family are implicated in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. SOX10, which is involved in neural crest cell migration and differentiation, has long been recognized a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical (IHC) marker in the diagnosis of melanoma in humans. However, expression of SOX10 in other tumor types has infrequently been evaluated in humans until recently and has not been thoroughly investigated in the dog...

Myelin, the insulating sheath that surrounds neuronal axons, is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). This evolutionary innovation, which first appears in jawed vertebrates, enabled rapid transmission of nerve impulses, more complex brains, and greater morphological diversity. Here, we report that RNA-level expression of RNLTR12-int, a retrotransposon of retroviral origin, is essential for myelination. We show that RNLTR12-int-encoded RNA binds to the transcription factor SOX10 to regulate transcription of myelin basic protein (Mbp, the major constituent of myelin) in rodents...

Neural crest (NC) is a vertebrate-specific embryonic progenitor cell population at the basis of important vertebrate features such as the craniofacial skeleton and pigmentation patterns. Despite the wide-ranging variation of NC-derived traits across vertebrates, the contribution of NC to species diversification remains largely unexplored. Here, by leveraging the adaptive diversity of African Great Lakes' cichlid species, we combined comparative transcriptomics and population genomics to investigate the role of NC development in morphological diversification...

BACKGROUND: Low-grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma(LGFM)is a rare fibrosarcoma, which mainly occurs in young people and is mostly seen in the trunk and limbs. The tumor is usually FUS-CREB3L2 fusion caused by t(7;16)(q32-34;p11)chromosome translocation, and rarely FUS-CREB3L1 and EWSR1-CREB3L1 fusion. MUC4 diffuse strong positive can be used as a specific index of LGFM. LGFM is similar to Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma(SEF) and may have the same origin. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of LGFM in the chest wall...

BACKGROUND: Primary and metastatic leiomyosarcomas (LMS) involving the orbital region are well known to occur however, the conjunctiva represents an extremely rare site of occurrence. METHODS: A 97-year-old male was referred to the Ocular Oncology Unit due to a rapidly growing painful mass (16×12×20 mm) in the nasal conjunctiva of his left eye. Wide excision followed by radiotherapy was performed. RESULTS: Based on the microscopic features (hypercellular neoplasm composed of spindle cells with cigar shaped and blunt ended nuclei with brightly eosinophilic fibrillary cytoplasm) and immunohistochemical findings (positive staining for Vimentin, Desmin, Caldesmon, and SMA and negative staining for AE1/AE3, EMA, CD117, S100, MelanA, SOX10, HMB45, TLE1, CD99, EMA and AE1 / AE3) the final diagnosis of grade 2 leyomiosarcoma was rendered...

Most invasive lobular breast carcinomas (ILBCs) are luminal-type carcinomas with an HER2-negative phenotype (ERBB2 or HER2 un-amplified) and CDH1 mutations. Rare variants include ERBB2-amplified subtypes associated with an unfavorable prognosis and less response to anti-HER2 targeted therapies. We analyzed the clinicopathological and molecular features of ERBB2-amplified ILBC and compared these characteristics with ERBB2-unamplified ILBC. A total of 253 patients with ILBC were analyzed. Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tumor samples from 250 of these patients were added to a tissue microarray...

AIMS: Pathologists often use immunohistochemical staining of the proliferation marker Ki67 in their diagnostic assessment of melanocytic lesions. However, the interpretation of Ki67 can be challenging. We propose a new workflow to improve the diagnostic utility of the Ki67-index. In this workflow, Ki67 is combined with the melanocytic tumour-cell marker SOX10 in a Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear stain. The Ki67-index is then quantified automatically using digital image analysis (DIA). The aim of this study was to optimise and test three different multiplexing methods for Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear staining...

In the adult mammalian brain, astrocytes are proposed to be the major Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-responsive cells. However, the sources of the Shh molecule mediating activation of the pathway are still poorly characterized. The present work investigates the distribution and phenotype of cells expressing Shh mRNA in the adult mouse brain. Using single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smfISH), we report much broader expression of Shh transcripts in almost all brain regions than originally reported. We identify Shh mRNA in HuC/D+ neuronal populations, including GABAergic (glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, Gad67), cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase, ChAT), dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH), nitrergic (neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nNOS), and in a small population of oligodendroglial cells expressing Sox10 and Olig2 mRNA transcription factors...