Breast cancer review

PURPOSE: Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a humanized antitrophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2) monoclonal antibody linked to a potent, exatecan-derived topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a plasma-stable, selectively cleavable linker. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TROPION-PanTumor01 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03401385) is a phase I, dose-escalation, and dose-expansion study evaluating Dato-DXd in patients with previously treated solid tumors...

Scientific knowledge of cancer has advanced greatly throughout the years, with most recent studies findings includes many hallmarks that capture disease's multifaceted character. One of the novel approach utilized for the delivery of anti-cancer agents includes mesenchymal stem cell mediated drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that may be extracted from bone marrow, tooth pulp, adipose tissue and placenta/umbilical cord blood dealing with adult stem cells. MSCs are mostly involved in regeneration of tissue, they have also been shown to preferentially migrate to location of several types of tumor in-vivo ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Our review delves into the progress across urological malignancies and discusses ongoing challenges and future directions in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development, emphasising their transformative potential in cancer care. RECENT FINDINGS: ADCs have advanced from hematologic to solid tumours, notably in breast cancer, and are now pivotal in metastatic urological cancers as both monotherapies and in combination regimens, underscored by the FDA's approval of enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan for metastatic urothelial cancer...

Progesterone is a natural steroid hormone, while progestins are synthetic molecules. In the female reproductive system, progesterone contributes to the control of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion and their pulsatility, via its receptors on the kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin neurons in the hypothalamus. Progesterone together with estradiol controls the cyclic changes of proliferation and decidualization of the endometrium; exerts anti-mitogenic actions on endometrial epithelial cells; regulates normal menstrual bleeding; contributes to fertilization and pregnancy maintenance; participates in the onset of labor...

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is a prevalent disease that has a substantial impact on women's mortality rates. Shikonin, a naphthoquinone derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has demonstrated substantial anticancer effects. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of the latest research findings regarding the therapeutic efficacy of shikonin in the context of breast cancer treatment, with a specific emphasis on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on shikonin and breast cancer by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Despite the efficacy of chemotherapy, AYA patients contend with psychosocial challenges, including psychological distress and financial toxicity, exacerbated further by those with dependent children. Parenting responsibilities intersect with cancer care, impacting both family dynamics and treatment adherence. Despite recognized needs, however, the impact of parenting concerns or even parenting status and the presence of dependents has not been systematically addressed and there is a paucity of interventional research regarding patients with cancer as concomitant caregivers...

Bone tumors of the upper limb are a common cause of bone pain and pathological fractures in both old and young populations. Surgical reconstruction and limb salvage have become valid options for these patients despite this kind of surgery being challenging due to the need for wide bone resection and the involvement of surrounding soft tissues. Computer-assisted technology helps the surgeon in pre-operative planning and in designing customized implants. The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical outcomes and complications of custom-made prostheses in oncologic reconstruction of the upper limb and if they are reliable options for patients suffering from aggressive tumors...

BACKGROUND: The status of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) was an important prognostic factor in varies cancers. A one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay, a molecular-based whole-node analysis method based on CK19 mRNA copy number, was developed to diagnose lymph node metastases. We aimed to evaluate the value of OSNA for the diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis in CK19 positive cancers. CK19 mRNA and protein expression for pan-caner analysis were obtained from TCGA and the Human protein atlas database...

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle loss is prevalent throughout the cancer continuum and correlates with morbidity and mortality. Resistance exercise has been trialed to mitigate skeletal muscle loss. This systematic review summarizes and qualitatively synthesizes the effects of resistance exercise on muscle-related outcomes in adult cancer populations, including skeletal muscle mass, performance and muscle-related biomarkers. METHODS: The systematic review protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P)...

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) consists of DNA fragments released from cancer cells into the blood circulation with quick clearance. Analysis of ctDNA can enable real-time assessment of the presence of cancer cells and their genomic characteristics. Therefore, ctDNA is expected to be one of the most useful biomarkers for cancer. In recent years, several ultra-sensitive assays for ctDNA analysis have been developed, and many clinical trials are using these assays to investigate the efficacy of ctDNA-based therapeutic strategies...

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) for the treatment of oligometastatic disease can improve survival and delay the requirement for systemic therapy. The benefits of SABR in oligoprogressive disease are less well-defined. Here, we evaluate the available evidence investigating the efficacy of SABR in the treatment of oligoprogressive disease. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. Medline and Embase databases were searched using the terms "stereotactic radiotherapy" OR "SABR" OR "Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy" OR "SBRT" OR "SRT" AND "oligoprogression" in May 2022, June 2023, and February 2024...

OBJECTIVE: Cancer-related cognitive impairment involves changes in cognitive domains among people diagnosed with cancer. This review aimed to explore and synthesize the experiences of women with breast cancer disclosing cancer-related cognitive impairment symptoms to health professionals. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-synthesis was conducted to generate synthesized findings from existing literature. Six databases were searched from inception until mid-October 2022, with eligible studies appraised using the QualSyst Quality Assessment Checklist...

Dogs are humanity's oldest friend, the first species we domesticated 20,000-40,000 years ago. In this unequaled collaboration, dogs have inadvertently but serendipitously been molded into a potent human cancer model. Unlike many common model species, dogs are raised in the same environment as humans and present with spontaneous tumors with human-like comorbidities, immunocompetency, and heterogeneity. In breast, bladder, blood, and several pediatric cancers, in-depth profiling of dog and human tumors has established the benefits of the dog model...

IMPORTANCE: RAD51C and RAD51D are involved in DNA repair by homologous recombination. Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in these genes are associated with an increased risk of ovarian and breast cancer. Understanding the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status of tumors from patients with germline PVs in RAD51C/D could guide therapeutic decision-making and improve survival. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical and tumor characteristics of germline RAD51C/D PV carriers, including the evaluation of HRD status...

Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) is a transmembrane protein that is widely and moderately expressed on the surface of various cells and can have an essential role in mediating cell proliferation, migration, phagocytosis, apoptosis, immune homeostasis and other related responses by binding to its ligands, integrins, thrombospondin-1 and signal regulatory protein α. The poor prognosis of cancer patients is closely associated with high expression of CD47 in glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma...

Post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is a syndrome broadly applied to the development of chronic pain after surgical breast intervention (i.e., lumpectomy and mastectomy). The incidence of PMPS is likely underreported, and this has contributed to a paucity of high-level evidence related to the treatment of the aforementioned condition. A drive to reduce the burden of opioid use has led to pain management physicians trialing a variety of strategies to help patients manage PMPS. This review discusses the latest evidence behind treatment options for PMPS, exploring medications as well as interventional techniques (e...

BACKGROUND: Surgical removal of the tumour is the gold standard treatment for early stage invasive breast cancer. However, with a global ageing population, a larger number of diagnoses are occurring in women with comorbidities that render them unsuitable for surgery. Hence, it is of interest to explore alternative treatment strategies for this group of women. SUMMARY: Our narrative review aims to explore two such techniques, cryoablation and external beam radiotherapy, providing a brief summary of the evidence behind each technique...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fertility concerns are common among young women diagnosed with breast cancer, as systemic therapy increases the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency and delays family planning. Here, we review the impact of systemic therapies, including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, HER-2 directed therapy, PARP inhibitors, and immunotherapy, on ovarian reserve. RECENT FINDINGS: With an improved understanding of disease biology, fewer women are treated with gonadotoxic chemotherapy...

BACKGROUND: The use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate pain, psychological aspects, and cognitive functions has increased in recent years. The present scoping review aims to investigate the use of tDCS in cancer patients and its significant impact on psychocognitive and pain related symptoms. METHODS: From the earliest available date to June 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted in three electronic scientific databases-PubMed, Scopus, and Embase-and other supplementary sources...

LINK-A, also recognized as LINC01139, has emerged as a key oncological lncRNA in cancer. LINK-A is upregulated in solid and liquid tumor samples, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and mantle cell lymphoma. Notably, LINK-A is involved in regulating critical cancer-related pathways, such as AKT and HIF1α signaling, and is implicated in a range of oncogenic activities, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion and migration, and glycolysis reprogramming...