keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488696/causal-effect-of-severe-and-non-severe-malaria-on-dyslipidemia-in-african-ancestry-individuals-a-mendelian-randomization-study
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariam Traore, Harouna Sangare, Oudou Diabate, Abdoulaye Diawara, Cheickna Cissé, Oyekanmi Nashiru, Jian Li, Jeffrey Shaffer, Mamadou Wélé, Seydou Doumbia, Tinashe Chikowore, Opeyemi Soremekun, Segun Fatumo
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is becoming prevalent in Africa, where malaria is endemic. Observational studies have documented the long-term protective effect of malaria on dyslipidemia; however, these study designs are prone to confounding. Therefore, we used Mendelian randomization (MR, a method robust to confounders and reverse causation) to determine the causal effect of severe malaria (SM) and the recurrence of non-severe malaria (RNM) on lipid traits. METHOD: We performed two-sample MR using genome wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for recurrent non-severe malaria (RNM) from a Benin cohort (N = 775) and severe malaria from the MalariaGEN dataset (N = 17,000) and lipid traits from summary-level data of a meta-analyzed African lipid GWAS (MALG, N = 24,215) from the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR) (N = 13,612) and the Africa Wits-IN-DEPTH partnership for genomics studies (AWI-Gen) dataset (N = 10,603)...
March 15, 2024: Annals of Human Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38126585/tapping-into-tapajos-antibacterial-potential-of-fungal-strains-isolated-from-decaying-wood-in-the-brazilian-amazon
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E S M Canto, V S Bentes, M J A Silva, E S Lima, D R Silva, C V Nunez, A C A Cortez, E S Souza, J V B Souza
The emergence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials poses a significant health threat. To address this issue, exploring the fungal diversity in freshwater environments in the Amazon Forest has potential in the search for new antimicrobials. This study aimed to investigate the production of antibacterial metabolites by aquatic fungi from Amazon lakes, specifically Lake Juá and Lake Maicá (Brazil-PA). The fungal isolates were obtained from wood fragments submerged in these lakes, and the ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S...
2023: Brazilian Journal of Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37292794/unsupervised-machine-learning-identifies-chromatin-accessibility-regulatory-networks-that-define-cell-state-transitions-in-pluripotency
#3
Timothy D Arthur, Jennifer P Nguyen, Agnieszka D'Antonio-Chronowska, Hiroko Matsui, Nayara Silva, Isaac N Joshua, William W Young Greenwald, Matteo D'Antonio, Martin F Pera, Kelly A Frazer
Stem cells exist in vitro in a spectrum of interconvertible pluripotent cell states. Understanding the genetic and epigenetic regulatory processes underlying cell state transitions between these pluripotency states will have broad applications. Here, we applied a machine learning algorithm to analyze RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data derived from hundreds of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) resulting in the discovery of 24 gene network modules (GNMs) and 20 regulatory network modules (RNMs). Characterization of the network modules revealed that the GNMs and RNMs were highly correlated with each other and enabled us to decipher the roles that individual modules play in pluripotency and self-renewal...
May 22, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37052085/altered-cortical-thickness-and-emotional-dysregulation-in-adolescents-with-borderline-personality-disorder
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qian Xiao, Yan Fu, Xiaoping Yi, Jun Ding, Zaide Han, Zhejia Zhang, Zeming Tan, Jing Wang, Zijun Wu, Jingying Pi, Bihong T Chen
Background: Emotional dysregulation is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Previous studies have reported that abnormal grey matter volume is associated with the limbic-cortical circuit and default mode network (DMN) in patients with BPD. However, alterations of cortical thickness in adolescents with BPD have not been well evaluated. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess cortical thickness and its association with emotional dysregulation in adolescents with BPD. Method: This prospective study enrolled 52 adolescents with BPD and 39 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs)...
2023: European Journal of Psychotraumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36875291/a-comparison-of-confirmatory-factor-analysis-and-network-models-for-measurement-invariance-assessment-when-indicator-residuals-are-correlated
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
W Holmes Finch, Brian F French, Alicia Hazelwood
Social science research is heavily dependent on the use of standardized assessments of a variety of phenomena, such as mood, executive functioning, and cognitive ability. An important assumption when using these instruments is that they perform similarly for all members of the population. When this assumption is violated, the validity evidence of the scores is called into question. The standard approach for assessing the factorial invariance of the measures across subgroups within the population involves multiple groups confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA)...
March 2023: Applied Psychological Measurement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36230355/heteroscedastic-reaction-norm-models-improve-the-assessment-of-genotype-by-environment-interaction-for-growth-reproductive-and-visual-score-traits-in-nellore-cattle
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivan Carvalho Filho, Delvan A Silva, Caio S Teixeira, Thales L Silva, Lucio F M Mota, Lucia G Albuquerque, Roberto Carvalheiro
The assessment of the presence of genotype by environment interaction (GxE) in beef cattle is very important in tropical countries with diverse climatic conditions and production systems. The present study aimed to assess the presence of GxE by using different reaction norm models for eleven traits related to growth, reproduction, and visual score in Nellore cattle. We studied five reaction norm models (RNM), fitting a linear model considering homoscedastic residual variance (RNM_homo), and four models considering heteroskedasticity, being linear (RNM_hete), quadratic (RNM_quad), linear spline (RNM_l-l), and quadratic spline (RNM_q-q)...
September 29, 2022: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36054363/a-red-nucleus-vta-glutamate-pathway-underlies-exercise-reward-and-the-therapeutic-effect-of-exercise-on-cocaine-use
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi He, Graziella Madeo, Ying Liang, Cindy Zhang, Briana Hempel, Xiaojie Liu, Lianwei Mu, Shui Liu, Guo-Hua Bi, Ewa Galaj, Hai-Ying Zhang, Hui Shen, Ross A McDevitt, Eliot L Gardner, Qing-Song Liu, Zheng-Xiong Xi
Physical exercise is rewarding and protective against drug abuse and addiction. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. Here, we report that long-term wheel-running produced a more robust increase in c-fos expression in the red nucleus (RN) than in other brain regions. Anatomic and functional assays demonstrated that most RN magnocellular portion (RNm) neurons are glutamatergic. Wheel-running activates a subset of RNm glutamate neurons that project to ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons...
September 2, 2022: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35659541/genomic-analysis-of-the-slope-of-the-reaction-norm-for-body-weight-in-australian-sheep
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominic L Waters, Sam A Clark, Nasir Moghaddar, Julius H van der Werf
BACKGROUND: Selection of livestock based on their robustness or sensitivity to environmental variation could help improve the efficiency of production systems, particularly in the light of climate change. Genetic variation in robustness arises from genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions, with genotypes performing differently when animals are raised in contrasted environments. Understanding the nature of this genetic variation is essential to implement strategies to improve robustness...
June 3, 2022: Genetics, Selection, Evolution: GSE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35567011/the-effect-of-agglomeration-on-the-electrical-and-mechanical-properties-of-polymer-matrix-nanocomposites-reinforced-with-carbon-nanotubes
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sebastian Tamayo-Vegas, Ali Muhsan, Chang Liu, Mostapha Tarfaoui, Khalid Lafdi
In this work, we investigated the effect of carbon nanotubes addition and agglomeration formation on the mechanical and electrical properties of CNT-polymer-based nanocomposites. Six specimens with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fractions of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 5% were manufactured and characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and four-probe method. The stress-strain curves and electrical conductivity properties were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize both agglomeration and porosity formation...
April 29, 2022: Polymers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35405829/genotype-by-environment-interaction-and-selection-response-for-milk-yield-traits-and-conformation-in-a-local-cattle-breed-using-a-reaction-norm-approach
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cristina Sartori, Francesco Tiezzi, Nadia Guzzo, Enrico Mancin, Beniamino Tuliozi, Roberto Mantovani
Local breeds are often reared in various environmental conditions (EC), suggesting that genotype by environment interaction (GxE) could influence genetic progress. This study aimed at investigating GxE and response to selection (R) in Rendena cattle under diverse EC. Traits included milk, fat, and protein yields, fat and protein percentage, and somatic cell score, three-factor scores and 24 linear type traits. The traits belonged to 11,085 cows (615 sires). Variance components were estimated in a two-step reaction norm model (RNM)...
March 26, 2022: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35004092/radioneuromodulation-by-dual-target-irradiation-in-pain-crisis-from-trigeminal-neuralgia
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eduardo E Lovo, Alejandra Moreira, Kaory C Barahona, Victor Caceros, Claudia Cruz, Juan Arias
Background Radioneuromodulation (RNM) can explain the immediate pain relief experienced by a subgroup of patients after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). In this study, our main objective was to demonstrate that a minimum of a 50% reduction in TN pain can be achieved consistently in under 72 hours by targeting the affected nerve, the contralateral centromedian nucleus, and parafascicular complex in patients experimenting a prolonged refractory pain crisis. Methodology We treated eight patients experiencing severe TN pain crisis in whom percutaneous procedures had failed or were unwanted with SRS with an intention to procure pain relief in under 72 hours...
January 2022: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34991546/maternal-internal-migration-and-child-growth-and-nutritional-health-in-peru-an-analysis-of-the-demographic-and-health-surveys-from-1991-to-2017
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emeline Rougeaux, J Jaime Miranda, Mary Fewtrell, Jonathan C K Wells
BACKGROUND: Peru has historically experienced high rural-to-urban migration. Despite large reductions in undernutrition, overweight is increasing. Elsewhere, internal migration has been associated with differences in children's growth and nutritional health. We investigated how child growth and nutritional status in Peru varied over time and in association with maternal internal migration. METHODS: Using data from Demographic & Health Surveys from 1991 to 2017, we assessed trends in child growth (height-for-age [HAZ], weight-for-age [WAZ], weight-for-height [WHZ] z scores) and nutritional health (stunting, underweight, overweight) by maternal adult internal migration (urban [UNM] or rural non-migrant [RNM], or urban-urban [UUM], rural-urban [RUM], rural-rural [RRM], or urban-rural migrant [URM])...
January 6, 2022: BMC Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34878988/recruitment-of-patients-with-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-for-clinical-trials-and-epidemiological-studies-descriptive-study-of-the-national-als-registry-s-research-notification-mechanism
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Mehta, Jaime Raymond, Moon Kwon Han, Theodore Larson, James D Berry, Sabrina Paganoni, Hiroshi Mitsumoto, Richard Stanley Bedlack, D Kevin Horton
BACKGROUND: Researchers face challenges in patient recruitment, especially for rare, fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These challenges include obtaining sufficient statistical power as well as meeting eligibility requirements such as age, sex, and study proximity. Similarly, persons with ALS (PALS) face difficulty finding and enrolling in research studies for which they are eligible. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe how the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) National ALS Registry is linking PALS to scientists who are conducting research, clinical trials, and epidemiological studies...
December 7, 2021: Journal of Medical Internet Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34852171/allergic-rhinitis-improvement-after-septorhinoplasty-in-a-sample-of-allergic-rhinitis-patients-with-septal-deviation-a-quasi-experimental-study
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vanesa García-Paz, Cintia Micaela Chamorro-Petronacci, Roi Painceira-Villar, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Mario Pérez-Sayáns, Adolfo Sarandeses-Garcia, Daniel López-López
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects almost 30% of the adult population. OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the evolution of symptoms in patients diagnosed with AR and septal deviation prior to and following septoplasty (STP). DESIGN AND SETTING: Quasi-experimental study developed in A Coruña University Hospital. METHODS: Patients aged 18-65 years who had been diagnosed with AR and septal deviation were recruited...
January 2022: São Paulo Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34847033/whole-body-center-of-mass-feedback-in-a-reflex-based-neuromuscular-model-predicts-ankle-strategy-during-perturbed-walking
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Q L Keemink, T J H Brug, E H F van Asseldonk, A R Wu, H van der Kooij
Active prosthetic and orthotic devices have the potential to increase quality of life for individuals with impaired mobility. However, more research into human-like control methods is needed to create seamless interaction between device and user. In forward simulations the reflex-based neuromuscular model (RNM) by Song and Geyer shows promising similarities with real human gait in unperturbed conditions. The goal of this work was to validate and, if needed, extend the RNM to reproduce human kinematics and kinetics during walking in unperturbed and perturbed conditions...
2021: IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34591577/children-s-outgroup-giving-in-settings-of-intergroup-conflict-the-developmental-role-of-ingroup-symbol-preference
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura K Taylor, Jocelyn Dautel, Edona Maloku, Ana Tomovska Misoska
Understanding when children develop a sense of group boundaries has implications for conflict and its resolution. Integrating social identity development theory and the developmental peace-building model, we investigated whether preferences for ethno-religious ingroup symbols mediate the link from child age to outgroup prosocial giving among 5- to 11-year-old children from both majority and minority backgrounds in three settings of protracted intergroup conflict (N = 713, M = 7.97, SD = 1.52, 52.6% female)...
August 2021: Developmental Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34567441/association-between-childhood-trauma-and-brain-anatomy-in-women-with-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-women-with-borderline-personality-disorder-and-healthy-women
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catarina Rosada, Martin Bauer, Sabrina Golde, Sophie Metz, Stefan Roepke, Christian Otte, Oliver T Wolf, Claudia Buss, Katja Wingenfeld
Background: Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with altered brain anatomy. These neuroanatomical changes might be more pronounced in individuals with a psychiatric disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are more prevalent in individuals with a history of CT. Objective: In this study, we examined limbic and total brain volumes in healthy women with and without a history of CT and in females with PTSD or BPD and a history of CT to see whether neuroanatomical changes are a function of psychopathology or CT...
2021: European Journal of Psychotraumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34447658/two-years-of-newborn-screening-for-cystic-fibrosis-in-north-macedonia-first-experience
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Fustik, V Anastasovska, D Plaseska-Karanfilska, A Stamatova, L Spirevska, M Pesevska, M Terzikj, M Vujovic
There is a widely accepted consensus on the benefits of newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) in terms of reduced disease severity, improved quality of life, lower treatment burden, and reduced costs. More and more countries in the world are introducing NBS for CF as a national preventive health program. Newborn screening for CF was introduced in the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) in April, 2019, after a pilot study of 6 months in 2018. A two-step immunoreactive trysinogen (IRT-IRT) algorithm is performed, and then a sweat test for confirmation/exclusion of the CF diagnosis when the IRT values were both over the cutoff (70...
June 2021: Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics: BJMG
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34139991/genotype-by-environment-interactions-for-reproduction-body-composition-and-growth-traits-in-maternal-line-pigs-based-on-single-step-genomic-reaction-norms
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shi-Yi Chen, Pedro H F Freitas, Hinayah R Oliveira, Sirlene F Lázaro, Yi Jian Huang, Jeremy T Howard, Youping Gu, Allan P Schinckel, Luiz F Brito
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing need to account for genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions in livestock breeding programs to improve productivity and animal welfare across environmental and management conditions. This is even more relevant for pigs because selection occurs in high-health nucleus farms, while commercial pigs are raised in more challenging environments. In this study, we used single-step homoscedastic and heteroscedastic genomic reaction norm models (RNM) to evaluate G × E interactions in Large White pigs, including 8686 genotyped animals, for reproduction (total number of piglets born, TNB; total number of piglets born alive, NBA; total number of piglets weaned, NW), growth (weaning weight, WW; off-test weight, OW), and body composition (ultrasound muscle depth, MD; ultrasound backfat thickness, BF) traits...
June 17, 2021: Genetics, Selection, Evolution: GSE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33286607/risk-neutrality-of-rnd-and-option-pricing-within-an-entropy-framework
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xisheng Yu
This article constructs an entropy pricing framework by incorporating a set of informative risk-neutral moments (RNMs) extracted from the market-available options as constraints. Within the RNM-constrained entropic framework, a unique distribution close enough to the correct one is obtained, and its risk-neutrality is deeply verified based on simulations. Using this resultant risk-neutral distribution (RND), a sample of risk-neutral paths of the underlying price is generated and ultimately the European option's prices are computed...
July 30, 2020: Entropy
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