keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533783/brain-morphometry-in-former-american-football-players-findings-from-the-diagnose-cte-research-project
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hector Arciniega, Zachary H Baucom, Fatima Tuz-Zahra, Yorghos Tripodis, Omar John, Holly Carrington, Nicholas Kim, Evdokiya E Knyazhanskaya, Leonard B Jung, Katherine Breedlove, Tim L T Wiegand, Daniel H Daneshvar, R Jarrett Rushmore, Tashrif Billah, Ofer Pasternak, Michael J Coleman, Charles H Adler, Charles Bernick, Laura J Balcer, Michael L Alosco, Inga K Koerte, Alexander P Lin, Jeffrey L Cummings, Eric M Reiman, Robert A Stern, Martha E Shenton, Sylvain Bouix
Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHIs) in contact sports is associated with neurodegenerative disorders including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) which currently can be diagnosed only at postmortem. American football players are at higher risk of developing CTE given their exposure to RHIs. One promising approach for diagnosing CTE in vivo is to explore known neuropathological abnormalities at postmortem in living individuals using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI brain morphometry was evaluated in 170 male former American football players ages 45-74 years (n = 114 professional; n = 56 college) and 54 same-age unexposed asymptomatic male controls (n = 58 age range 45-74)...
March 27, 2024: Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532986/a-theory-of-the-neural-mechanisms-underlying-negative-cognitive-bias-in-major-depression
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuyue Jiang
The widely acknowledged cognitive theory of depression, developed by Aaron Beck, focused on biased information processing that emphasizes the negative aspects of affective and conceptual information. Current attempts to discover the neurological mechanism underlying such cognitive and affective bias have successfully identified various brain regions associated with severally biased functions such as emotion, attention, rumination, and inhibition control. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of how individuals in depression develop this selective processing toward negative is still under question...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519866/preliminary-study-on-cranial-measurements-and-sexual-dimorphism-in-skull-bones-of-gaur-bos-gaurus-gaurus-smith-1827
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ritesh Vishwakarma, Chandra Prakash Sharma, Samrat Mondol, Bilal Habib, Bhaskar Bhandari, Rajiv Mishra, Nitin Gupta, Jasbir Singh Chauhan, Parag Nigam
Cranial measurements have been widely used in various studies in wildlife sciences, ranging from understanding predator ecology to wildlife forensics. However, detailed description of morphometry and sexual dimorphism of the skull of gaur Bos gaurus gaurus is lacking. The present study was undertaken to determine the sexual dimorphism based on the cranial measurements of gaur. A total of 12 individual gaur skulls of male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) were studied in the field from the naturally deceased animals between January 2018 and December 2021 in different ranges of Bandhavgarh tiger reserve (BTR), Madhya Pradesh, India...
May 2024: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500485/a-potential-brain-functional-biomarker-distinguishing-patients-with-crohn-s-disease-with-different-disease-stages-a-resting-state-fmri-study
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mengting Huang, Guina Ma, Yan Zou, Hui Ma, Wenliang Fan, Xin Li, Liangru Zhu, Ping Han, Huan Wang, Heshui Shi
BACKGROUND: The previous studies have demonstrated that patients with Crohn's disease in remission (CD-R) have abnormal alterations in brain function. However, whether brain function changes in patients with Crohn's disease in activity (CD-A) and the relationship with CD-R are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the different levels of disease activity may differentially affect the brain function and to find the brain functional biomarker distinguishing patients with different disease stages by measuring the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF)...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493826/selective-cortical-adaptations-associated-with-neural-efficiency-in-visuospatial-tasks-the-comparison-of-electroencephalographic-profiles-of-expert-and-novice-artists
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jazmin Morrone, Charles R Pedlar
Visuospatial cognition encapsulates an individual's ability to efficiently navigate and make sense of the multimodal cues from their surroundings, and therefore has been linked to expert performance across multiple domains, including sports, performing arts, and highly skilled tasks, such as drawing (Morrone and Minini, 2023). As neural efficiency posits a task-specific functional reorganization facilitated by long-term training, the present study employs a visuospatial construction task as a means of investigating the neurophysiological adaptations associated with expert visuospatial cognitive performance...
March 15, 2024: Neuropsychologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38443124/safety-and-efficacy-of-minoxidil-treatment-in-scarring-alopecia-a-scoping-review
#6
REVIEW
Nathalie Ly, Erin M McClure, Maria K Hordinsky, Ronda S Farah, Song Y Park
BACKGROUND: Topical minoxidil (TM) has been a cornerstone in treating various hair loss disorders, while low-dose oral minoxidil (LDOM) is emerging as an effective alternative. Despite their widespread use, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding their use in treating scarring alopecia. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of TM and LDOM in managing scarring alopecia. METHODS: A systematic literature search identified relevant studies on TM and LDOM use in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, frontal fibrosing alopecia, lichen planopilaris, and traction alopecia...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435990/susceptibility-of-flexible-plastic-foodstuffs-packaging-against-monomorium-indicum-hymenoptera-formicidae-household-ants
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Junaid Iqbal, Muhammad Waqar Hassan, Ghulam Sarwar, Moazzam Jamil, Tanveer Hussain
Ants belonging to the Monomorium indicum (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) species are ubiquitous insects that are commonly associated with household settings in Pakistan. Packaged foodstuffs are easily destroyed by household ants when packaging is made with materials that have a high susceptibility. This study evaluated the susceptibility of three common flexible plastic packaging materials namely: opaque polyethylene, transparent polyethylene and polypropylene, which were each tested at thicknesses of 0.02 mm for their susceptibility against M...
2024: PeerJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38397759/high-fat-diet-induced-obesity-increases-brain-mitochondrial-complex-i-and-lipoxidation-derived-protein-damage
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebeca Berdún, Èlia Obis, Natàlia Mota-Martorell, Anna Bassols, Daniel Valent, José C E Serrano, Meritxell Martín-Garí, María Rodríguez-Palmero, José Antonio Moreno-Muñoz, Joan Tibau, Raquel Quintanilla, Reinald Pamplona, Manuel Portero-Otín, Mariona Jové
Obesity is a risk factor for highly prevalent age-related neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis of whichinvolves mitochondrial dysfunction and protein oxidative damage. Lipoxidation, driven by high levels of peroxidizable unsaturated fatty acids and low antioxidant protection of the brain, stands out as a significant risk factor. To gain information on the relationship between obesity and brain molecular damage, in a porcine model of obesity we evaluated (1) the level of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, as the main source of free radical generation, by Western blot; (2) the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography; and (3) the oxidative modification of proteins by mass spectrometry...
January 26, 2024: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38380694/baer-101-a-selective-potentiator-of-%C3%AE-2-and-%C3%AE-3-containing-gaba-a-receptors-fully-suppresses-spontaneous-cortical-spike-wave-discharges-in-genetic-absence-epilepsy-rats-from-strasbourg-gaers
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra MacLean, Amy S Chappell, Jay Kranzler, Alexis Evrard, Hugo Monchal, Corinne Roucard
BAER-101 (formerly AZD7325) is a selective partial potentiator of α2/3-containing γ-amino-butyric acid A receptors (GABAARs) and produces minimal sedation and dizziness. Antiseizure effects in models of Dravet and Fragile X Syndromes have been published. BAER-101 has been administered to over 700 healthy human volunteers and patients where it was found to be safe and well tolerated. To test the extent of the antiseizure activity of BAER-1010, we tested BAER-101 in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) model, a widely used and translationally relevant model...
April 2024: Drug Development Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38363536/gabaergic-and-inflammatory-changes-in-the-frontal-cortex-following-neonatal-pcp-plus-isolation-rearing-as-a-dual-hit-neurodevelopmental-model-for-schizophrenia
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer A Cale, Ethan J Chauhan, Joshua J Cleaver, Anthoio R Fusciardi, Sophie McCann, Hannah C Waters, Juš Žavbi, Madeleine V King
The pathogenesis of schizophrenia begins in early neurodevelopment and leads to excitatory-inhibitory imbalance. It is therefore essential that preclinical models used to understand disease, select drug targets and evaluate novel therapeutics encompass similar neurochemical deficits. One approach to improved preclinical modelling incorporates dual-hit neurodevelopmental insults, like neonatal administration of phencyclidine (PCP, to disrupt development of glutamatergic circuitry) then post-weaning isolation (Iso, to mimic adolescent social stress)...
February 16, 2024: Molecular Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38354445/aberrant-white-matter-microstructure-detected-by-automatic-fiber-quantification-in-pediatric-myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody-associated-disease
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuang Ding, Zhuowei Shi, Kaiping Huang, Xiao Fan, Xiujuan Li, Helin Zheng, Longlun Wang, Zichun Yan, Jinhua Cai
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases (MOGAD) is an idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disorder in children, for which the precise damage patterns of the white matter (WM) fibers remain unclear. Herein, we utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based automated fiber quantification (AFQ) to identify patterns of fiber damage and to investigate the clinical significance of MOGAD-affected fiber tracts. METHODS: A total of 28 children with MOGAD and 31 healthy controls were included in this study...
February 9, 2024: Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38348133/a-systematic-review-and-coordinate-based-meta-analysis-of-fmri-studies-on-acupuncture-at-lr-3
#12
Yawen Rao, Limin Ge, Jiaxin Wu
OBJECTIVES: The acupoint LR3 (Taichong) is frequently utilized in clinical acupuncture. However, its underlying neural mechanisms remain not fully elucidated, with speculations suggesting its close association with specific brain activity patterns. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was undertaken across several online databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and the Chinese Biomedical Database...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38311070/extensive-functional-connectivity-between-brain-areas-implicated-in-mental-imagery-production-and-phobic-fear-during-both-emotional-and-neutral-mental-imagery
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Agren, Johanna M Hoppe
Mental imagery is used by most people in their day-to-day cognition, for example, in planning, daydreaming, or remembering. Importantly, mental imagery has a powerful influence on emotion and is critically involved in many mental disorders. Thus, understanding the link between mental imagery and emotion is of clinical interest. For example, exposure therapy can be successfully conducted using mental imagery of fear-provoking stimuli, i.e., imaginal exposure. In this vein, accumulating evidence shows that mental imagery of a fearful stimulus produces a similar physiological and neural response as actual perception of the stimulus...
February 2, 2024: Behavioural Brain Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38226669/a-low-carrying-angle-is-measured-in-elite-tennis-players-just-before-ball-impact-during-the-forehand-suggesting-a-dynamic-varus-instant-accommodation-moving-towards-full-extension
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paolo Arrigoni, Davide Cucchi, Giulia Beltrame, Romeo Ribolzi, Claudio Ceccarelli, Carlo Zaolino, Todd Ellenbecker, Pietro S Randelli
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to use image analysis recordings to measure the carrying angle of elite male tennis players during the forehand stroke, with the hypothesis that elite tennis players overstress their elbow in valgus over the physiological degree in the frontal plane just before ball contact on forehand groundstrokes. METHODS: The carrying angle of male tennis players ranked in the top 25 positions in the ATP ranking was measured on selected video frames with the elbow as close as possible to full extension just before the ball-racket contact in forehands...
January 2024: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38219520/beyond-aesthetics-a-case-report-of-pneumosinus-dilatans-frontalis-presenting-with-headache
#15
Akbar Bayat, Sara S Nabavizadeh, Tayebeh Kazemi
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: The Pneumosinus Dilatans (PSD) Frontalis is an uncommon condition characterized by abnormal enlargement of the aerated frontal sinus with normal thickness sinus walls. The major complication is aesthetics; however, some cases present with sinus obstructive symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old male presented with complaints of an asymmetrical protrusion on his forehead, as well as recurrent headaches. No signs of sinusitis were detected by periodic examination...
January 13, 2024: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38218952/baseline-symptom-related-white-matter-tracts-predict-individualized-treatment-response-to-12-week-antipsychotic-monotherapies-in-first-episode-schizophrenia
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Chen, Shanming Liu, Bo Zhang, Gaofeng Zhao, Zhuoqiu Zhang, Shuiying Li, Haiming Li, Xin Yu, Hong Deng, Hengyi Cao
There is significant heterogeneity in individual responses to antipsychotic drugs, but there is no reliable predictor of antipsychotics response in first-episode psychosis. This study aimed to investigate whether psychotic symptom-related alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of white matter (WM) at the early stage of the disorder may aid in the individualized prediction of drug response. Sixty-eight first-episode patients underwent baseline structural MRI scans and were subsequently randomized to receive a single atypical antipsychotic throughout the first 12 weeks...
January 13, 2024: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38195555/integrative-omics-analysis-reveals-epigenomic-and-transcriptomic-signatures-underlying-brain-structural-deficits-in-major-depressive-disorder
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junjie Zheng, Fay Y Womer, Lili Tang, Huiling Guo, Xizhe Zhang, Yanqing Tang, Fei Wang
Several lines of evidence support the involvement of transcriptomic and epigenetic mechanisms in the brain structural deficits of major depressive disorder (MDD) separately. However, research in these two areas has remained isolated. In this study, we proposed an integrative strategy that combined neuroimaging, brain-wide gene expression, and peripheral DNA methylation data to investigate the genetic basis of gray matter abnormalities in MDD. The MRI T1-weighted images and Illumina 850 K DNA methylation microarrays were obtained from 269 patients and 416 healthy controls, and brain-wide transcriptomic data were collected from Allen Human Brain Atlas...
January 9, 2024: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184906/lower-limb-vertical-stiffness-and-frontal-plane-angular-impulse-during-perturbation-induced-single-limb-stance-and-their-associations-with-gait-in-individuals-post-stroke
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keng-Hung Shen, James Borrelli, Vicki L Gray, Mark W Rogers, Hao-Yuan Hsiao
After stroke, deficits in paretic single limb stance (SLS) are commonly observed and affect walking performance. During SLS, the hip abductor musculature is critical in providing vertical support and regulating balance. Although disrupted paretic hip abduction torque production has been identified in individuals post-stroke, interpretation of previous results is limited due to the discrepancies in weight-bearing conditions. Using a novel perturbation-based assessment that could induce SLS by removing the support surface underneath one limb, we aim to investigate whether deficits in hip abduction torque production, vertical body support, and balance regulation remain detectable during SLS when controlling for weight-bearing, and whether these measures are associated with gait performance...
January 2024: Journal of Biomechanics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184361/stern-attention-driven-spatial-transformer-network-for-abnormality-detection-in-chest-x-ray-images
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joana Rocha, Sofia Cardoso Pereira, João Pedrosa, Aurélio Campilho, Ana Maria Mendonça
Chest X-ray scans are frequently requested to detect the presence of abnormalities, due to their low-cost and non-invasive nature. The interpretation of these images can be automated to prioritize more urgent exams through deep learning models, but the presence of image artifacts, e.g. lettering, often generates a harmful bias in the classifiers and an increase of false positive results. Consequently, healthcare would benefit from a system that selects the thoracic region of interest prior to deciding whether an image is possibly pathologic...
January 2024: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38154856/sex-based-differences-in-odds-of-motor-vehicle-crash-injury-outcomes
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew J Craig, Cejun Liu, Fan Zhang, Jacob Enriquez
OBJECTIVE: Several studies have documented the relative risk or odds of injury and fatality for females versus males in motor vehicle crashes (Parenteau et al. 2013, Forman et al. 2019, Brumbelow and Jermakian, 2022; Noh et al. 2022). Though, none combined National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) and Crash Investigation Sampling System (CISS). The aim of this study was to document the relative odds of various injury outcomes for females versus males while considering a broad range of crash types, pre-crash and crash variables, and occupant characteristics...
February 2024: Accident; Analysis and Prevention
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