FRN

INTRODUCTION: Previous research has found that incidental emotions of different valences (positive/negative/neutral) influence risky decision-making. However, the mechanism of their influence on psychological expectations of decision outcomes remains unclear. METHODS: We explored the effects of different incidental emotions on the behavioral, psychological, and electrophysiological responses of individuals in risky decision-making through a money gambling task using a one-way (emotion type: positive, negative, neutral emotions) between-subjects experimental design...

Recent studies suggest that depression and anxiety are associated with unique aspects of EEG responses to reward and punishment, respectively; also, abnormal responses to punishment in depressed individuals are related to anxiety, the symptoms of which are comorbid with depression. In a non-clinical sample, we aimed to investigate the relationships between reward processing and anxiety, between punishment processing and anxiety, between reward processing and depression, and between punishment processing and depression...

Various approaches have been taken over the years to quantify event-related potential (ERP) responses and these approaches may vary in their utility connecting empirical research and scientific claims. In this work we compared different quantification methods as well as the influence of three reference methods (linked mastoids, average reference, and current source density) on the resulting ERP amplitude. We use the experimental effects and effect sizes (Cohen's d) to evaluate the different methodological variants and we calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)...

In human cooperation, people prefer to choose partners with high willingness and ability-while both are valued by partners, individuals often prioritize willingness. Two event-related potential (ERP) experiments were conducted to discern the neural processes underpinning this preference. In the first experiment, participants made a choice between two potential partners and received feedback on the selected partner's willingness to cooperate. This was followed by feedback on the partner's task performance (ability) or a gambling outcome...

Social influence plays a crucial role during the teen years, with adolescents supposedly exhibiting heightened sensitivity to their peers. In this study, we examine how social influence from different sources, particularly those with varying normative and informational significance, affect adolescents' opinion change. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying neural dynamics to determine whether these two behaviorally similar influences share their neural mechanisms. Twenty-three participants (14-17 years old) gave their opinions about facial stimuli and received feedback from either a peer group or an expert group, while brain responses were recorded using concurrent magnetoencephalography...

Social evaluative feedback informs the receiver of the other's views, which may contain judgments of personality-related traits and/or the level of likability. Such kinds of social evaluative feedback are of particular importance to humans. Event-related potentials (ERPs) can directly measure where in the processing stream feedback valence, expectancy, or contextual relevance modulate information processing. This review provides an overview and systematization of studies and early, mid-latency, and late ERP effects...

With the discovery of event-related potentials elicited by errors more than 30 years ago, a new avenue of research on performance monitoring, cognitive control, and decision making emerged. Since then, the field has developed and expanded fulminantly. After a brief overview on the EEG correlates of performance monitoring, this article reviews recent advancements based on single-trial analyses using independent component analysis, multiple regression, and multivariate pattern classification. Given the close interconnection between performance monitoring and reinforcement learning, computational modeling and model-based EEG analyses have made a particularly strong impact...

Background: Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of alterations in the monetary reward system in the development and maintenance of substance use disorder (SUD). Although these alterations have been well documented in various forms of SUD, the electrophysiological mechanisms specific to opioid use disorder (OUD) remain underexplored. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing targeted interventions and advancing theories of addiction specific to opioid use. Objectives: To explore abnormalities in monetary reward outcome processing in males with OUD...

Advisors generally evaluate advisee-relevant feedback after advice giving. The response to these feedback-(1) whether the advice is accepted and (2) whether the advice is optimal-usually involves prestige. Prior literature has found that prestige is the basis by which individuals attain a superior status in the social hierarchy. However, whether advisors are motivated to attain a superior status when engaging in advice giving remains uncharacterized. Using event-related potentials, this study investigates how advisors evaluate feedback after giving advice to superior (vs...

Declarative and probabilistic feedback-based learning was evaluated in 8-12-year-old school-age children with developmental language disorder (DLD; n = 14) and age-matched children with typical development (TD; n = 15). Children performed a visual two-choice word-learning task and a visual probabilistic classification task while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded non-invasively from the scalp. Behavioral measures of accuracy and response to feedback, and electrophysiological responses to feedback were collected and compared between the two groups...

PURPOSE: Sequenced Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) prediction represents a pivotal area of study in biology, playing a crucial role in elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of diseases and facilitating the design of novel therapeutic interventions. Conventional methods for extracting features through experimental processes have proven to be both costly and exceedingly complex. In light of these challenges, the scientific community has turned to computational approaches, particularly those grounded in deep learning methodologies...

PURPOSE: Anhedonia, a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), is explored in this study, focusing on the neural underpinnings through the examination of two event-related potential (ERP) components: feedback-related negativity (FRN) and stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in China from March 2022 to March 2023. It involved 35 MDD patients and 31 healthy controls (HC) participating in a modified 2-door task with simultaneous EEG recordings...

Land degradation resulting from soil erosion is a global concern, with the greatest risk in developing countries where food and land resources can be limited. The use of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) is a proven method for determining short and medium-term rates of soil erosion, to help improve our understanding of soil erosion processes. There has been limited use of these methods in tropical Africa due to the analytical challenges associated with 137 Cs, where inventories are an order of magnitude lower than in the Europe...

Performance monitoring (PM) is a vital component of adaptive behavior and known to be influenced by motivation. We examined effects of potential gain (PG) and loss avoidance (LA) on neural correlates of PM at different processing stages, using a task with trial-based changes in these motivational contexts. Findings suggest more attention is allocated to the PG context, with higher amplitudes for respective correlates of stimulus and feedback processing. The PG context favored rapid responses, while the LA context emphasized accurate responses...

BACKGROUND: The influence of social norms on exercise behaviors has been explored in studies over the years. However, little is known about whether an individual's role (central or peripheral) in his or her social network, which is associated with social skills, could shift his or her susceptibility to normative effects on exercise behaviors. To that end, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to examine the underlying cognitive mechanism of the effects of network centrality on normative social influence...

Inter-individual variability in risk preferences can be reflected in reward processing differences, making people risk-seekers or risk-averse. However, the neural correlates of reward processing in individuals with risk preferences remain unknown. Consequently, this event-related potential (ERP) study examined and compared electrophysiological correlates associated with different stages of reward processing in risk-seeking and risk-averse groups. Individuals scoring in the bottom and top 20% on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) were deemed risk-averse and risk-seeking, respectively...

For motor learning, the processing of behavioral outcomes is of high significance. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) is an event-related potential, which is often described as a correlate of the reward prediction error in reinforcement learning. The number of studies examining the FRN in motor tasks is increasing. This meta-analysis summarizes the component in the motor domain and compares it to the cognitive domain. Therefore, a data set of a previous meta-analysis in the cognitive domain that comprised 47 studies  was reanalyzed and compared to additional 25 studies of the motor domain...

Although it is considered the reference for quantification of neutralizing antibodies, classical method of the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is labor intensive, requires specific equipment and inputs, besides a long time for its finalization, even in the micro-PRNT version (in 96-well plates). It has a higher sample throughput, however the smaller wells make the reading of plaques more difficult. With an immunoenzymatic revelation step and a semi-automated reading, the μFRN-HRP (micro Focus Reduction Neutralization - Horseradish Peroxidase) is a faster and more efficient test for the quantification of YF neutralizing antibodies...

PURPOSE: Most studies have supported the view that individuals prefer to reward the in-group and discriminate against the out-group in response to unfair offers in the Ultimatum Game. However, the current study advanced a different view, that is, the "black sheep effect", in which in-group members were punished more severely compared with out-group members. This study aimed to incorporate proposer identity and allocation motive as possible explanations for offer rejection. METHODS: In the current study, the in-group and out-group identities were distinguished by their health condition, and the allocation motive was defined according to its benefit maximization...

People prefer active decision-making and induce greater emotional feelings than computer-based passive mode, yet the modulation of decision-making mode on outcome evaluation remains unknown. The present study adopted event-related potentials to investigate the discrepancies in active and computer-based passive mode on outcome evaluation using a card gambling task. The subjective rating results showed that active mode elicited more cognitive effort and stronger emotional feelings than passive mode. For received outcomes, we observed no significant Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) effect on difference waveshapes (d-FRN) between the 2 modes, but active decision-making elicited larger P300 amplitudes than the passive mode...