High grade glioma

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved outcomes in a variety of adult cancers and are prescribed with increasing frequency across oncology. However, patterns of off-label use of ICI in pediatrics remain unclear. METHODS: This is a single-institution, retrospective cohort study evaluating off-label ICI use in pediatric and young adult patients with cancer treated at our institution from 2014 to 2022. Response was based on clinician assessment derived from clinical records...

BACKGROUND: Treatment response in High-grade Glioma (HGG) patients changes based on their genetic and biological characteristics. MiRNAs, as important regulators of drug and radiation resistance, and the Apparent Diffusion Coefficients (ADC) value of tumor can be used as a prognostic predictor for glioma. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify some of the pre-treatment individual patient features for predicting the treatment response in HGG patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 18 HGG patients, who were candidated for chemo-radiation treatment, participated after informed consent of the patients...

BACKGROUND: Gliomas, as Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, are greatly common with 80% of malignancy. Treatment methods for gliomas, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy depend on the grade, size, location, and the patient's age. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify glioma based on the radiomics analysis and classify its grade into High-grade Glioma (HGG) or Low-grade Glioma (LGG) by various machine-learning methods using contrast-enhanced brain Computerized Tomography (CT) scans...

PURPOSE: Although lomustine has been used as a chemotherapeutic agent for decades, no recommendation on appropriate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis is available. As CINV is considered one of the most bothersome side effects of chemotherapy, adequate prophylaxis is of relevance to improve quality of life during cancer treatment. The aim of this retrospective case series was to report the incidence and severity of CINV in pediatric patients with high-grade glioma treated with lomustine and to formulate recommendations for appropriate CINV prophylaxis...

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have reported a correlation between a high-grade CMV-infection and an unfavorable prognosis in glioblastoma (GB). Coversely, epilepsy has been associated with a more favorable outcome in GB patients. Despites epilepsy and CMV share similar molecular mechanisms in GB tumoral microenvironment, the correlation between Tumor-Related-Epilepsy (TRE) and CMVinfection remains unexplored. The aim of our study is to examine the correlation between the dregree of CMV infection and seizure types on the survival of TRE Adult-type-diffuse-glioma...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest grade of glioma for which no effective therapy is currently available. Despite extensive research in diagnosis and therapy, there has been no significant improvement in GBM outcomes, with a median overall survival continuing at a dismal 15-18 months. In recent times, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been identified as crucial drivers of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence, and GBM therapies targeting GSCs are expected to improve patient outcomes. We used a multistep in silico screening strategy to identify repurposed candidate drugs against selected therapeutic molecular targets in GBM with potential to concomitantly target GSCs...

BACKGROUND: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are inflammatory biomarkers. Until now, it is unknown the impact of opioid dosage on perioperative immunity in glioma patients. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of intraoperative opioid dosage on perioperative immune perturbations using NLR and LMR as inflammatory biomarkers and evaluate the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and pathological grade of glioma. METHODS: The study included 208 patients with primary glioma who underwent glioma resection from February 2012 to November 2019 at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital...

BACKGROUND: Non-enhancing (NE) infiltrating tumor cells beyond the contrast-enhancing (CE) bulk of tumor are potential propagators of recurrence after gross total resection of high-grade glioma. METHODS: We leveraged single-nucleus RNA sequencing on 15 specimens from recurrent high-grade gliomas ( n  = 5) to compare prospectively identified biopsy specimens acquired from CE and NE regions. Additionally, 24 CE and 22 NE biopsies had immunohistochemical staining to validate RNA findings...

BACKGROUND: Glioma presents high incidence and poor prognosis, and therefore more effective treatments are needed. Studies have confirmed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) basically regulate various human diseases including glioma. It has been theorized that HAS2-AS1 serves as an lncRNA to exert an oncogenic role in varying cancers. This study aimed to assess the value of lncRNA HAS2-AS1 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for glioma. METHODS: The miRNA expression data and clinical data of glioma were downloaded from the TCGA database for differential analysis and survival analysis...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if the tumour perfusion at the initial MRI scan is a marker of prognosis for survival in patients diagnosed with High Grade Gliomas (HGG). To analyse the risk factors which influence on the mortality from HGG to quantify the overall survival to be expected in patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients diagnosed with HGG through a MRI scan in a third-level hospital between 2017 and 2019 were selected. Clinical and tumour variables were collected...

PURPOSE: Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas are the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. More than 30% of diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) in adolescents harbor histone H3 G34 mutations and are recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct tumor entity. By reporting bibliometric characteristics of the most cited publications on H3 G34-mutant DHG (H3 G34 DHG), we provide an overview of emerging literature and speculate where future research efforts may lead...

Patients with high-grade gliomas are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with multiple roles in tumour biology, haemostasis and platelet function. Their association with VTE risk in high-grade glioma has not been comprehensively mapped so far. We thus conducted a nested case-control study within 152 patients with WHO grade IV glioma that had been part of a prospective cohort study on VTE risk factors. At inclusion a single blood draw was taken, and patients were thereafter followed for a maximum of 2 years...

Diffuse paediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype (H3/IDH-wt-pHGG) is a newly defined entity amongst brain tumours, primarily reported in children. It is a rare, ill-defined type of tumour and the only method to diagnose it is DNA methylation profiling. The case we report here carries new knowledge about this tumour which may, in fact, occur in elderly patients, be devoid of evocative genomic abnormalities reported in children and harbour a misleading mutation.

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are characterized by a heterogeneous and aggressive population of tissue-infiltrating cells that promote both destructive tissue remodeling and aberrant vascularization of the brain. The formation of defective and permeable blood vessels and microchannels and destructive tissue remodeling prevent efficient vascular delivery of pharmacological agents to tumor cells and are the significant reason why therapeutic chemotherapy and immunotherapy intervention are primarily ineffective...

Venous thromboembolic events are frequent complications of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The overexpression of tissue factor (TF) plays an essential role in the local hypercoagulable phenotype that underlies these complications. Our aim was to build an MRI radiomics model for the non-invasive exploration of the hypercoagulable status of LGG/GBM. Radiogenomics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and REMBRANDT (Repository for molecular BRAin Neoplasia DaTa) cohorts were used...

Accurately defining glioma infiltration is crucial for optimizing radiotherapy and surgery, but glioma infiltration is heterogeneous and MRI imperfectly defines the tumor extent. Currently, it is impossible to determine the tumor infiltration gradient within a FLAIR signal. O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)-PET often reveals high-grade glioma infiltration beyond contrast-enhancing areas on MRI. Here, we studied FET uptake dynamics in tumor and normal brain structures by dual-timepoint (10 min and 40-60 min post-injection) acquisition to optimize analysis protocols for defining glioma infiltration...

BACKGROUND: Temozolomide (TMZ) is an effective oral alkylating agent used in treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and high-grade gliomas. It works by introducing methyl groups into DNA, inhibiting cell division. A case of blepharoconjunctivitis linked to the administration of TMZ is detailed in this report. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 58-year-old African-American man diagnosed with GBM. Following adjuvant TMZ treatment, he developed blepharoconjunctivitis, characterized by eyelid and conjunctival inflammation...

OBJECTIVE: Circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection is a promising noninvasive technique that can be used to diagnose cancer, monitor progression, and predict prognosis. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the clinical utility of CTCs in the management of diffuse glioma. METHODS: Sixty-three patients with newly diagnosed diffuse glioma were included in this multicenter clinical cohort. The authors used a platform based on isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) to detect and analyze CTCs and circulating tumor microemboli (CTMs) in the peripheral blood of patients both before and after surgery...

BACKGROUND: With the recognition that noncancerous cells function as critical regulators of brain tumor growth, we recently demonstrated that neurons drive low-grade glioma initiation and progression. Using mouse models of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated optic pathway glioma (OPG), we showed that Nf1 mutation induces neuronal hyperexcitability and midkine expression, which activates an immune axis to support tumor growth, such that high-dose lamotrigine treatment reduces Nf1-OPG proliferation...

Poor prognosis in high-grade gliomas is mainly due to fatal relapse after surgical resection in the absence of efficient chemotherapy, which is severely hampered by the blood-brain barrier. However, the leaky blood-brain-tumour barrier forms upon tumour growth and vascularization, allowing targeted nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery. The homotypic targeting ability of cell-membrane fragments obtained from cancer cells means that these fragments can be exploited to this aim. In this experimental work, injectable nanoemulsions, which have a long history of safe clinic usage, have been wrapped in glioma-cell membrane fragments via co-extrusion to give targeted, homogeneously sized, sterile formulations...