Glycemic index

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the association between glycemic variability and quality of life (QOL) in patients with diabetes, which has not been studied previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who were undergoing treatment at the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital and Kameoka City Hospital participated in the KAMOGAWA-DM study, and completed the diabetes therapy-related (DTR)-QOL questionnaire from January 2016 to July 2020 were included in this study...

Nutritional, physicochemical, functional, antioxidative and digestion properties of brown and white rice flours from four Thai rice varieties (Luangpatue, upland rice, RD43, and Hommali) were investigated and compared. Due to differences in grain color, the color parameters of flours varied significantly. Protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, and moisture content, total dietary fiber, and calories of these rice flours were 6.94-10.21%, 1.68-3.16%. 0.554-1.442%, 71.20-79.68%, 9.79-10.53%, 1.07-3.64%, and 350.82-362...

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests an association between childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome, with more research available on the potential impacts of positive airway pressure (PAP) on metabolic markers in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a systematic synthesis of the evidence on the effect of PAP use on metabolic markers in children with OSA. METHODS: A search strategy with terms for "OSA" and metabolic markers in pediatrics was run to systematically assess 5 databases until August 26, 2022...

Whole wheat bread has high nutritional value, but it has inferior baking quality and high glycemic index, which needs to be improved by methods such as adding protein and β-glucan. This study investigated the effects of β-glucan and highland barley protein of different molecular weights (2 × 104 , 1 × 105 , and 3 × 105  Da) and different hydrate methods (pre-hydrate and not pre-hydrate) on the characteristics of whole wheat dough and bread...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Q-Score is a single-number composite metric that is constructed based on the following components: central glycemic tendency, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and intra- and interday variability. Herein, we refined the Q-Score for the screening and analysis of short-term glycemic control using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles. METHODS: Continuous glucose monitoring profiles were obtained from noninterventional, retrospective cross-sectional studies...

BACKGROUND: Standard continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics: mean glucose, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and time in range, fail to capture the shape of variability in the CGM time series. This information could facilitate improved diabetes management. METHODS: We analyzed CGM data from 141 adults with type 2 diabetes in the Hyperglycemic Profiles in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (HYPNOS) trial. Participants in HYPNOS wore CGM sensors for up to two weeks at two time points, three months apart...

Adequate copper (Cu) status has been associated with improved glycemic control, partly because of its role in reducing oxidative stress through superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Thus, the aim was to investigate the relationship between plasma Cu concentration and markers associated with glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals with T2DM of both sexes, aged between 19 and 59 years. Plasma Cu levels were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)...

BACKGROUND: The amount and type of food consumed impacts the glycemic response and insulin needs of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Daily variability in consumption, reflected in diet quality, may acutely impact glycemic levels and insulin needs. OBJECTIVE: Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) data were examined to evaluate the impact of daily diet quality on near-term glycemic control and interaction with exercise. METHODS: Using the Remote Food Photography Method, ≤8 d of dietary intake data were analyzed per participant...

INTRODUCTION: The marked increase in the number of individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide each year has resulted in the importance of the spouse's contribution to the promotion and support of patient self-management programs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to systematically explore the role or involvement of spouses in collaborative management and glycemic behavior change in DM. METHODS: Five databases including Scopus, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SAGE, and Web of Science were reviewed for relevant articles retrieved from 2017 to 2022...

UNLABELLED: Blood glycosylated hemoglobin level can be affected by various factors in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Frequent measurements are expensive, and a suitable estimation method could improve treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 93 patients were recruited in this research. We analyzed a number of parameters such as age, glucose level, blood pressure, Body Mass Index, cholesterol level, echocardiography et al. Patients were prescribed metformin...

Glycated albumin (GA) reflects glycemic status for the past three weeks. GA level demonstrates a strong correlation with HbA1c level and is used as an adjunctive biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we validated the predictive performance of baseline GA for development of T2DM in healthy individuals in Korea. From August 2013 to September 2014, the medical records of 3,771 healthy Koreans were retrospectively reviewed. Each participant was categorized into tertiles based on initial GA level...

INTRODUCTION: Among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), longitudinal poor glycemic control is associated with adverse socioeconomic conditions at the neighborhood level. Child Opportunity Index (COI), which encompasses measures of education, health, environment, social, and economic factors, is associated with obesity in youth but has not been evaluated in youth with new-onset T1D or type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that lower COI would be associated with adverse clinical outcomes at diabetes diagnosis, and due to differing risk factors and pathophysiology, that youth with new-onset T2D would have lower COI than youth with T1D...

INTRODUCTION: Lifestyle interventions are effective in preventing type 2 diabetes, but genetic background may influence the individual response. In the Finnish gestational diabetes prevention study, RADIEL, lifestyle intervention during pregnancy and first postpartum year was effective in preventing gestational diabetes (GDM) and postpartum glycemic abnormalities only among women at highest genetic risk of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess whether still 5 years postpartum the genetic risk modifies the association between lifestyle and glycemic health...

BACKGROUND: Standardized reporting of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics does not provide extra weighting for very high or very low glucose, despite their distinct clinical significance, and thus may underestimate glycemic risk in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during exercise. Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) is a novel composite metric incorporating clinician-validated extra weighting for glycemic extremes, which may provide a novel summary index of glycemia risk around exercise...

BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has transformed the care of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and there is potential for CGM to also become influential in prediabetes identification and management. However, to date, we do not have any consensus guidelines or high-quality evidence to guide CGM goals and metrics for use in prediabetes. METHODS: We searched PubMed for all English-language articles on CGM use in nonpregnant adults with prediabetes published by November 1, 2023...

In Māori and Pacific adults, the CREBRF rs373863828 minor (A) allele is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) but reduced incidence of type-2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. In this prospective cohort study of Māori and Pacific infants, nested within a nutritional intervention trial for pregnant women with obesity and without pregestational diabetes, we investigated whether the rs373863828 A allele is associated with differences in growth and body composition from birth to 12-18 months' corrected age...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate glucose metrics and identify potential predictors of the achievement of glycemic outcomes in children and adolescents during their first 12 months of MiniMed 780G use. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This multicenter, longitudinal, real-world study recruited 368 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) starting SmartGuard technology between June 2020 and June 2022. Ambulatory glucose profile data were collected during a 15-day run-in period (baseline), 2 weeks after automatic mode activation, and every 3 months...

Dietary interventions are receiving increasing attention for maintaining host health and diminishing disease risk. This study endeavored to elucidate the intervention effect of chlorogenic acid coupled with extruded rice starch (CGA-ES) in mitigating lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. First, a significant increase in resistant starch (RS) and a decrease in the predicted glycemic index (pGI) were observed in CGA-ES owing to the formation of an ordered structure (Dm, single helix, and V-type crystalline structure) and partly released CGA...

Rice cake is a common traditional food in China. In this study, the effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema (PC) on the qualities and characteristics of rice cake was investigated. The incorporation of PC powder in rice cakes endowed a light-yellow color and increased the water content and water absorption of products. Rheological analysis showed that the rice cake containing PC exhibited weak-gel properties. Additionally, PC (40%) inhibited the rice cake aging and lowered the hardness of rice cakes to 13.86 N after 4 h storage...

OBJECTIVE: Food insecurity (FI) is associated with poor metabolic health. It is assumed that energy intake and diet quality underlie this association. We tested the hypothesis that dietary factors (quantity and quality) mediate the association of FI with excess weight, waist circumference and glycemic control [glycohemoglobin (A1C)]. METHODS: A mediation analysis was performed on data from the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey using FI as an independent variable; body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and A1C as metabolic outcome variables and total energy intake, macronutrients, and diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) as potential mediators...