Substance use disorder

The likelihood of substance dependency in offspring is increased in cases when there is a family history of drug or alcohol use. Mothering is limited by maternal addiction because of the separation. Maternal separation (MS) leads to the development of behavioural and neuropsychiatric issues in the future. Despite the importance of this issue, empirical investigations of the influences of maternal substance use and separation on substance use problems in offspring are limited, and studies that consider both effects are rare...

BACKGROUND: Substance use disorder (SUD) remains a significant public health issue, with a high relapse rate even after detoxification treatment. Family dysfunction has been identified as a closely related factor contributing to relapse in individuals with SUD. The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role of family climate in the relapse tendency among patients with SUD. METHODS: The study employed a case-control design using the survey method...

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the adverse effects of smoking on general, oral, and dental health are reported time and again worldwide. However, evidence to quantify the effects of tobacco smoking and smoking cessation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) is inadequate. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the effects of nicotine gum on HRQoL and OHQoL of cigarette smokers. METHODS: This pilot study was conducted on 40 smokers, half of whom received nicotine gum...

BACKGROUND: Substance abuse remains a challenging public health issue, especially among young people. It has been shown that poor sleep and substance abuse may have mutual intensifying effects. This study aimed to evaluate the rates of substance abuse, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption and their association with sleep disturbances among university students in 2021. METHODS: The participants were the students of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran in 2021...

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: No recovery related surveillance system exists but given the evidence of effectiveness and growing supply, a house- and resident- level recovery house (RH) surveillance system could be beneficial for data collection on recovery support service (RSS) engagement, and retention; for improved standardization of RH programs and services; and for identification of outcomes associated with long-term recovery. METHODS: This study aimed to explore current data collection practices at the resident- and house- level through qualitative focus interviews of RH representatives...

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the prevalence and correlates of co-occurring opioid use disorder and opioid overdose among individuals receiving psychiatric services. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of adults with continuous enrollment in New York State Medicaid who received at least one psychiatric service in 2020 (N=523,885). Logistic regression models were used to examine the correlates of both opioid use disorder and overdose. RESULTS: In the study sample, the prevalence rate of opioid use disorder was 8...

The emergence of compulsive drug-seeking habits, a hallmark feature of substance use disorder, has been shown to be predicated on the engagement of dorsolateral striatal control over behaviour. This process involves the dopamine-dependent functional coupling of the anterior dorsolateral striatum (aDLS) with the nucleus accumbens core, but the mechanisms by which this coupling occurs have not been fully elucidated. The striatum is tiled by a syncytium of astrocytes that express the dopamine transporter (DAT), the level of which is altered in individuals with heroin use disorder...

BACKGROUND: Mental health (MH) is extremely relevant when referring to people living with a chronic disease, such as people living with HIV (PLWH). In fact - although life expectancy and quality have increased since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) - PLWH carry a high incidence of mental disorders, and this burden has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this scenario, UNAIDS has set new objectives for 2025, such as the linkage of at least 90% of PLWH to people-centered, context-specific MH services...

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a global health problem with severe consequences, leading to behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological disturbances. While consensus on treatments is still ongoing, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising approach for medication-resistant disorders, including substance use disorders. In this context, here we present the SUDMEX-TMS, a Mexican dataset from an rTMS clinical trial involving CUD patients. This longitudinal dataset comprises 54 CUD patients (including 8 females) with data collected at five time points: baseline (T0), two weeks (T1), three months (T2), six months (T3) follow-up, and twelve months (T4) follow-up...

OBJECTIVES: Individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) have heterogenic pre-onset illness courses and responses to treatment. The pattern of illness preceding the diagnosis of BD may be a marker of future treatment response. Here, we examined associations between psychiatric morbidity preceding the diagnosis of BD and pharmacological treatment patterns in the 2 years following diagnosis. METHODS: In this register-based study, we included all patients with a diagnosis of BD attending Danish Psychiatric Services between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016...

BACKGROUND: Cocaine consumption is associated with reduced attentional event-related potentials (ERPs), namely P3a and P3b, indicating bottom-up and top-down deficits respectively. At cognitive level, these impairments are larger for faster routes of administration (e.g., smoked cocaine [SC]) than slower routes (e.g., insufflated cocaine [IC]). Here we assess these ERPs considering the route of cocaine administration. We hypothesized that SC dependent (SCD) would exhibit reduced amplitude of the P3a, while both SCD and IC dependent (ICD) would show reduced amplitude of the P3b...

OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal cohort study aims to investigate the relationship between self-reported childhood maltreatment (CM) and the retrospective trajectory of substance use, mental health, and satisfaction with life in individuals with substance use disorders. METHODS: One hundred eleven treatment-seeking individuals with substance use disorder were recruited from clinical settings and monitored prospectively for 6 years. The participants' substance use, mental health, and satisfaction with life were assessed using standardized measures...

ISSUES: Alcohol marketing on social media platforms is pervasive and effective, reaching wide audiences and allowing interaction with users. We know little about the gendered nature of digital alcohol marketing, including how women and men are portrayed, how different genders respond and implications for gender relations. This review aimed to identify how males, females and other genders are targeted and represented in digital alcohol marketing, and how they are encouraged to engage with digital alcohol marketing content...

UNLABELLED: Numerous studies have supported that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction (LG) has been clinically used to treat NAFLD, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of LG in mice with NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HD). An HD-induced NAFLD mice model was established to evaluate the efficacy of LG followed by biochemical and histopathological analysis...

OBJECTIVE: Using substances before sex may impact sexual decision-making among young women and increase their risk for a variety of negative consequences, including sexual victimization, sexually transmitted infections, and unwanted pregnancies. A brief, web-based intervention combining alcohol reduction strategies with emotion regulation (ER) skills demonstrated initial efficacy at reducing heavy drinking and improving ER abilities among college women with sexual victimization histories...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to assess how drivers adapt their driving speed as a self-regulation mechanism when driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA), and the influence of alcohol consumption, visual performance, road complexity, and personal traits. METHOD: Thirty one volunteers took part in the study. All of them underwent three experimental sessions: Baseline (no alcohol), Alcohol 1 (low-moderate dose), and Alcohol 2 (moderate-high dose). Vision was tested by means of contrast sensitivity and retinal straylight...

OBJECTIVE: The recent debut of the non-tobacco blunt wrap (N-TBW) for smoking cannabis has received little attention from the tobacco control community. The present study is intended to assess blunt smokers' perceptions and receptivity to N-TBWs, which are being marketed as an alternative to cigarillos and other tobacco products used for making blunts. METHODS: Current blunt smokers (n=41) were recruited from social media platforms to participate in one of nine two-hour focus groups held between October 2022 and May 2023...

Stigma is a public health concern. Stigmatizing attitudes toward persons with substance use disorders (SUDs) can adversely impact clinical care and outcomes. Beliefs about SUD, prior experience and familiarity to persons with SUD, and educational curricula drive attitudes among health-care workers. In 2019, nursing and nursing assistant students were recruited through an online survey platform. Participants completed an SUD knowledge test and a survey assessing education, beliefs, personal experience, and confidence in recognizing the signs and symptoms of SUD...

AIMS AND METHOD: We aimed to assess whether viewing expert witness evidence regarding the mental health of Johnny Depp and Amber Heard in the 2022 court case in the USA would affect viewers' attitudes towards the mental health of the two protagonists and towards mental illness in general. After viewing excerpts of the cross-examination evidence, 38 trial-naive undergraduate students completed the Prejudice towards People with a Mental Illness (PPMI) scale. RESULTS: Following viewing, participants held more stigmatising views of the protagonists than they held about mental disorders in general...