Urology,

Cancer immunotherapy for urological tumors had made progress for several decades, but recent advances in immunotherapy, as therapeutic vaccines or immune checkpoint inhibitors, have drastically changed the present treatment strategy. Recently, nivolumab and atezolizumab have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of urological cancers. Additional immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines are being tested in clinical trials. Despite advances in these therapeutic modalities, benefits are limited to a subset of patients...

STUDY DESIGN: prospective study OBJECTIVE:To evaluate repeatability of residual urine(RU)volume measurement(RUM)in patients with lumbar degenerative disorders. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: RUM by abdominal echo is a non-invasive modality to evaluate lower urinary tract disorder(LUTD), repeatability of which is not found in urological disorders. Additionally, its repeatability has not been confirmed in spinal disorders. The authors examined repeatability of RUM for evaluation of LUTD in patients with lumbar degenerative disorders...

This review summarizes current evidence of the etiology and diagnosis of prostate cancer. As before, a comprehensive urological examination remains the main method of diagnosing the disease. However, the invasive nature of the multicore prostate biopsy, its high cost and the need for specially trained personnel prompts to seek more state-of-the-art and non-invasive methods for diagnosing prostate cancer. The further research in this direction seems promising.

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of cryoprecipitate in the comprehensive conservative therapy of patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients who were diagnosed with acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis from 2007to 2015. During this period, a total of 3912 patients with acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis were treated at the Department of Urology. Patients were assigned to either receive or not receive cryoprecipitate in the comprehensive conservative therapy...

AIM: To present the results and technical features of forming the ureterointestinal anastomoses in intestinal ureteral substitution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1998 to December 2016, 168 patients (mean age 51 +/- 8.7 years) underwent ureteral substitution using intestinal segments at the Urology Clinic of the I.I. Mechnikov NWSMU. Of them, 76 (45.2%) were males. In 119 (70.8%) patients, intestinal segments were used to replace various parts of the ureters (iliac in 92, colonic in 4, appendix in 23), and in 49 (29...

INTRODUCTION: The choice of treatment for the stones of the lower renal calyx is one of the challenging issues of modern urology. The aim of this retrospective and prospective study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of 3 modern minimally invasive techniques for treating renal stones: percutaneous (PNL) and transurethral (TNL) nephrolithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients with solitary lower calyx stones sized from 10 to 15 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 136 patients with symptomatic stones of the lower calyces, who underwent ESWL, PNL and TNL from November 2010 to the present day...

AIM: To compare the results of female genital prolapse (FGP) surgery via vaginal access using lightweight and ultra-lightweight polypropylene mesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2007 to 2011, 93 women aged from 46 to 71 years with II-IV stage FGP (POP-Q classification) were examined and underwent the vaginal extra-peritoneal colpopexy using polypropylene implants in the Department of Urology. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In patients of group 1 (n=50) the surgery was performed according to a newly developed technique using perforated ultra-lightweight (surface density 19 g/m2) domestically manufactured polypropylene implant...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor, autonomic, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. These occur in varying degrees in all stages of the disease. Among the autonomic disorders, cardiovascular, urogenital, gastrointestinal and thermoregulatory disorders are the most relevant. Within cardiovascular disorders drop of blood pressure after orthostasis and non-dipper behavior are very important; but also the influence of cardiovascular medication. Urgency, nocturia, and incontinence are of particular note within the urological problems...

BACKGROUND: The use of peri-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis during urological procedures to prevent postoperative complications is very common. OBJECTIVES: What kind of recommendations for reasonable use of peri-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis during urological procedures to prevent increasing antibiotic resistance and postoperative complications exist? METHODS: Review of evidence-based recommendations from literature and current Guidelines of the EAU...

Haemolytic anaemia caused by a paravalvular leak presenting as progressively worsening red urine. Haemoglobinuria was easily mistaken for gross haematuria, resulting in extensive invasive urological investigation that proved to be futile. Further investigation following an emergency admission led to the realisation that intravascular haemolysis secondary to a paravalvular leakâ€"presenting 43 years following metallic valve insertionâ€"was the cause of discoloured urine and newly presenting symptomatic anaemia...

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of osteoporosis and fracture probability in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. DESIGN: Observational descriptive transversal study. SITE: Study performed from Primary Care of Lugo in collaboration with Rheumatology and Urology Services of our referral hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer without bone metastatic disease from January to December 2012. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory and densitometric variables involved in osteoporosis were collected...

INTRODUCTION: Data are scarce regarding pregnancy and delivery among women with a neurogenic bladder due to congenital spinal cord defects. OBJECTIVE: To report the obstetrical and urological outcomes of women with congenital spinal cord defects and vesico-sphincteric disorders. METHODS: A retrospective multicentric study included all consecutive women with a neurogenic bladder due to congenital spinal defects, who delivered between January 2005 and December 2014...

To provide an adequate lifelong urological care in the complex period of adolescence, a transition consultation conducted by a paediatric surgeon and an urologist was developed in our institution. As a real rite of passage, it allows the follow-up and the adapted care of urological conditions, sometimes complex, and permits the transition between childhood and the world of grown-ups. We reported our experience at the Children Hospital of our institution (paediatric surgery and urology departments). During a 6 months period (January-July 2015), forty-five young adults with a mean age of 17...

BACKGROUND: Urological diseases and their treatment may negatively influence continence, potency, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although current guidelines recommend HRQOL assessment in clinical urology, specific guidance on how to assess HRQOL is frequently absent. We evaluated whether and how urologists assess HRQOL and how they determine its practicality. METHODS: A random sample of 4500 (from 5200 identified German urologists) was drawn and invited to participate in a postal survey (an initial letter followed by one reminder after six weeks)...

INTRODUCTION: Abiraterone and enzalutamide were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 and 2012 to treat men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Most men with mCRPC are > 65 years of age and thus eligible for Medicare Part D. We conducted a study to better understand the early dissemination of these drugs across the United States using national Medicare Part D data. METHODS: We evaluated the number of prescriptions for abiraterone and enzalutamide by provider specialty and hospital referral region (HRR) using Medicare Part D and Dartmouth Atlas data...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease of senile age, usually occurring> 60 years of age. BPH is a disease that involves cell proliferation of the prostate. Pathological hyperplasia affects the elements of the glandular and connective tissue of the prostate. This study is designed to scrutinize the efficacy and tolerability of herbal drug Anti BPH capsule for the management of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), in this study we select the 100 patients in which 50 received the Anti BPH capsule and 50 received the Terazosin HCl...

INTRODUCTION: Severe genital abnormalities such as urogenital sinus and urethral duplication with ectopic urethra in the rectum represent a major challenge in reconstructive urology. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to review our cases presenting with functional ectopic urethra implanted in the rectum that were treated through an ASTRA approach. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients who had undergone an ASTRA approach from 2005-2016...

OBJECTIVE: To determine rectal and urinary toxicity after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), assessing the results of patients who undergo radical or postoperative therapy for prostate cancer (pancreatic cancer) and their correlation with potential risk factors. METHOD: A total of 333 patients were treated with EBRT. Of these, 285 underwent radical therapy and 48 underwent postoperative therapy (39 cases of rescue and 9 of adjuvant therapy). We collected clinical, tumour and dosimetric variable to correlate with toxicity parameters...

PURPOSE: Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem experienced by many women that can have a significant negative impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from the condition and potentially those friends and family members whose lives and activities may also be limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed by ECRI Institute. This search included articles published between January 2005 and December 2015 with an updated abstract search conducted through September 2016...

A 27-year-old Japanese man visited our urological department due to urinary frequency, and we detected a ureterocele by cystoscopy. The treatment consisted of an endoscopic-laser incision of the ureterocele. After the operation, the patient's symptoms subsided, and the vesicoureteral reflux and urinary infection disappeared. With the advances in image diagnostic technology, a ureterocele is easily diagnosed during childhood. In the present case, the ureterocele may have increased in volume over a period of decades, causing the urinary frequency...