clozaril

OBJECTIVE: Clozapine is considered the most reliable drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. In 2014, a generic formulation of clozapine (Clzapine) was introduced in Korea. This study was performed to provide clinical information regarding the use of clozapine and to compare efficacy and tolerability when converting from the brand-name formulation (Clozaril) to the generic formulation during longterm maintenance treatment among Korean patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: This mirror-image study retrospectively investigated the electronic medical records of patients who had switched from Clozaril to Clzapine with a ≥1-year duration for each formulation...

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. In Japan, its use requires management by a blood monitoring system called the Clozaril Patient Monitoring Service (CPMS) for the early detection of serious side effects such as agranulocytosis, which is extremely rare. Monitoring services vary among the clozapine suppliers in different countries. Additionally, Japanese patients can be started on clozapine treatment exclusively through an 18-week inpatient admission at a psychiatric hospital capable of coordinating with a hematologist...

OBJECTIVES: Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic used to treat people with schizophrenia, has been proposed as a possible treatment for salivary gland hypofunction. This scoping review investigated the available literature on clozapine's impact on salivary flow, in order to determine whether it could be used by dentists in low doses as a treatment for dry mouth. DATA SOURCES: An electronic search was completed using Ovid MEDLINE (1996-Nov 2021). Key MESH search terms included "Clozapine", "Clozaril", "salivation", "salivary flow rate", "sialorrhea", "hypersalivation", and "drooling"...

BACKGROUND: Recent observational study evidence suggests that clozapine, unlike other antipsychotics, may be associated with a small increased risk of hematological malignancy. This study described characteristics of hematological and other cancers in those taking clozapine reported to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration. METHODS: We analyzed public case reports for "clozapine," "Clozaril," or "Clopine" from January 1995 to December 2020 classified as "neoplasm benign, malignant and unspecified" by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration...

Clozapine is the only licenced medication for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Previous studies have suggested unequal rates of clozapine treatment by ethnicity among individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. One previous review has investigated this topic but was restricted to studies from the USA. This current review aims to synthesise the international literature regarding ethnic disparities in clozapine prescription amongst individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. We searched CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO and Open Grey and reviewed studies reporting on the proportion of service-users prescribed clozapine separately for different ethnic groups, in individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia or any schizophrenia-spectrum disorders...

An anti-diclazuril monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based detection of diclazuril with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used to measure anti-coccidial drug residues. The anti-diclazuril mAb had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.449-0.517 ng/mL. The mAb cross-reactivity with toltrazuril, toltrazuril 18 sulfone, clozaril, monesin, madurmycin, and salinomycin was very minimal (< 0.1%). The detection limit of the ELISA using this mAb was 0...

BACKGROUND: We observed two cases of patients with schizophrenia who were treated with clozapine (250mg/day and 275mg/day, respectively) and showed neutropenia after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2). CASE PRESENTATION: Case 1 is a twenty-two year old woman with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. She enrolled in Clozaril® Patient Monitoring Service in 2017 and had been taking clozapine for 4 years. She received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine and developed neutropenia (1850/mm3 (37...

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to provide a critical appraisal of the evidence related to the safety of clozapine for schizophrenia during pregnancy and lactation. Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception through December 2020. Reference lists of included studies were hand-searched. The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for unpublished trials, and PROSPERO was searched for unpublished reviews...

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia is commonly treated by the initiation of Clozapine therapy. Clozapine (Clozaril) has a wide side effect profile with significant mortality stemming from early myocarditis or late cardiomyopathy. This risk profile is complicated in those with preexisting comorbidities. A 67-year-old male with a decade-long history of paranoid schizophrenia. His previous treatment regimen consisted of a combination of Haloperidol-Decanoate, Aripiprazole, and Olanzapine. On his most recent admission, the patient presented with an acute exacerbation of his schizophrenia with incontinence, agitation, and difficulty following commands...

OBJECTIVE: Clozapine is the most effective therapy for schizophrenia. This study compared the bioequivalence of a generic formulation of clozapine (ChangZhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co. Ltd. Jiangsu, China) to the brand name formulation (Clozaril, HLS Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA) after multiple doses in Chinese schizophrenic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized, open-label, multiple-dose, 2-way crossover study in which patients with schizophrenia received the generic clozapine or Clozaril 100 mg twice daily for 10 days before crossing over to the alternate formulation for the next 10 days...

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This survey was conducted to identify the actual usage of clozapine and changes required to increase the number of patients with schizophrenia who would benefit from clozapine. We obtained Clozaril® Patient Monitoring Service (CPMS) data for 8,263 patients that received clozapine between July 2009 and January 2020. Patients were divided into the early (n=3,696 cases, which have been analyzed previously) and late groups (n=4,567 cases) according to the date of the treatment initiation. In total, 417 facilities offered the drug, with a surge in cases in the late group (40...

OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of clozapine is clearly superior to other antipsychotics in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. Clozapine leads to various side effects, and therefore many patients are forced to discontinue. In this study, we analyzed the registry database of all cases in Japan to identify risk factors for discontinuation of clozapine. METHODS: The Clozaril patient monitoring service® (CPMS) database from July 31, 2009 to January 26, 2020 was acquired...

Clozapine, sold under the brand name Clozaril, is an antipsychotic medication prescribed since the 1970s as an effective treatment for individuals with treatment resistive schizophrenia. Medical experts have produced extensive literature on the need for close monitoring as this medication can cause life threatening adverse effects. Mental health nurses play a vital role in the management of clozapine, however to date just one study specifically examines psychiatric/mental health nurse's knowledge of this medication...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, background factors, and progression of and recovery from clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in Japan. METHODS: Data on treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients registered with the Clozaril Patient Monitoring Service (CPMS) between July 29, 2009 and January 20, 2016 were extracted. Patients with a neutrophil count <500/mm3 were defined as having agranulocytosis, and those with a leukocyte count <3,000/mm3 or a neutrophil count <1,500/mm3 but not meeting the criteria for agranulocytosis were defined as having leukopenia/neutropenia...

Aim To describe an uncommon side effect of sudden withdrawal of Clozapine. Method This case describes the occurrence of catatonia following the sudden discontinuation of long term Clozapine therapy. Results Symptoms resolved with treatment with benzodiazepines and IV fluids. Discussion In conclusion, catatonia can occur on sudden discontinuation of Clozapine therapy. Caution should be exercised when reducing or discontinuing this medication.

BACKGROUND: In most countries, clozapine can only be prescribed with regular monitoring of white blood cell counts because of concerns that clozapine has a stronger association with neutropenia than other antipsychotics. However, this has not been previously demonstrated conclusively with meta-analysis of controlled studies. METHODS: The aim of this study was to assess the strength of the association between clozapine and neutropenia when compared to other antipsychotic medications by a meta-analysis of controlled studies...

BACKGROUND: Clozapine (clozaril, Mylan Products Ltd) is a first-choice treatment for people with schizophrenia who have a poor response to standard antipsychotic medication. However, a significant number of patients who trial clozapine have an inadequate response and experience persistent symptoms, called clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS). There is little evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of pharmacological or psychological interventions for this population. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for people with CRS and to identify factors predicting outcome...

Aims and methodTo systematically review the literature on barriers to the use of clozapine and identify any interventions for optimizing clozapine use in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Journal databases were searched from 1972 to March 2018. The following search terms were used: treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine, barriers, use, prescription rates, implementation, clozaril and prescribing practices. Following a review of the literature, 15 papers were included in the review. RESULTS: The major barriers that were identified included mandatory blood testing, fear of serious side-effects and lack of adherence by the patients, difficulty in identifying suitable patients, service fragmentation, and inadequate training in or exposure to using clozapine...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate clozapine use and its associated adverse effects in patients in Japan. METHODS: We analyzed data recorded from July 2009 to January 2016 (N = 3780 patients) in the Clozaril Patient Monitoring Service, which was established in Japan in 2009 and includes all Japanese patients who have been prescribed clozapine. RESULTS: The treatment discontinuation rate was 23.9% (869/3780 cases). The average ± SD treatment duration was 234...