OROS methylphenidate

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by difficulty paying attention, poor impulse control, and hyperactive behavior. It is associated with several adverse health and social outcomes and leads to an increased risk of criminality and recidivism. Worldwide, ADHD is thus highly prevalent in prisons. However, ADHD treatment has been neglected in such environments. Stimulant medications such as osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) are first-line treatments in the general population, but they are under-prescribed in prisons due to concerns about abuse, even though such claims are not empirically supported...

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Two randomized controlled trials, utilizing robust doses of stimulants, demonstrated a significant effect on treatment outcomes in patients with ADHD/SUD. This study aimed to investigate differences in executive functioning and explore the dose-dependent effect of OROS-methylphenidate (MPH) in patients with comorbid ADHD and amphetamine use disorder (ADHD+AMPH) and patients with ADHD only...

We present the case of a patient, a boy of 16 years of age at initial presentation, with kleptomania, an impulse disorder characterized by an impulse to steal unneeded items, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The patient's parents reported that he would frequently impulsively steal items and money that he did not need. Cognitive and physical assessments revealed no abnormalities, and the patient had no history of substance abuse. The patient was diagnosed with kleptomania and ADHD...

OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whose definition, diagnosis and treatment has been the subject of debate in the scientific community for a long time, is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood. There are many studies on the pathophysiology of attention deficit. However, there is no study in the literature based on direct or indirect measurement of cerebral venous circulation in ADHD, and the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on cerebral venous circulation...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pain remains a health problem that is difficult to treat adequately. Its unknown cause and complex comorbidity with other illnesses, including mental disorders, amplify the severity of symptoms, which consequently decreases the quality of life of patients long term. In our clinical practice, we coincidentally found evidence that methylphenidate (MPH) effectively managed chronic pain in an adult patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The effectiveness of MPH in the treatment of ADHD is well-established; however, its utility in treating pain remains unclear...

BACKGROUND: Osmotic release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) is one of the most commonly used medication for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however, real-world knowledge on OROS-MPH dose titration has been limited. This study aims to summarize and visualise the OROS-MPH titration patterns in children and adolescents with ADHD in the United States (US) and Japan. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the US IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters database from 2000 to 2019 and the Japan Medical Data Centre database from 2008 to 2019...

In a double-blind randomised controlled trial by Asherson et al., involving prisoners with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the rates of response to osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-methylphenidate) and placebo were very similar (~50%). I critically discuss this trial against other international literature, highlighting the key issues in the field in terms of clinical practice and research.

OBJECTIVE: Extended-release methylphenidate (ER-MPH) formulations used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have complex pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, resulting from differing ratios of immediate-release and extended-release components and/or their site of absorption. This study aimed to evaluate the smoothness of PK curves of ER-MPHs. DESIGN: The integral of the second derivative squared was evaluated for modeled PK curves, with smaller values indicating a smoother curve...

BACKGROUND: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can co-occur in up to 40% of people with epilepsy. There is debate about the efficacy and tolerability of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs used to treat people with ADHD and co-occurring epilepsy. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs on children and adults with ADHD and co-occurring epilepsy in terms of seizure frequency and drug withdrawal rates (primary objectives), as well as seizure severity, ADHD symptoms, cognitive state, general behaviour, quality of life, and adverse effects profile (secondary objectives)...

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that 20-30% of prisoners meet the diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methylphenidate reduces ADHD symptoms, but effects in prisoners are uncertain because of comorbid mental health and substance use disorders. AIMS: To estimate the efficacy of an osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-methylphenidate) in reducing ADHD symptoms in young adult prisoners with ADHD. METHOD: We conducted an 8-week parallel-arm, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial of OROS-methylphenidate versus placebo in male prisoners (aged 16-25 years) meeting the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether stimulant medication improves acquisition of academic material in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) receiving small-group, content-area instruction in a classroom setting. METHOD: Participants were 173 children between the ages of 7 and 12 years old (77% male, 86% Hispanic) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for ADHD and were participating in a therapeutic summer camp...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine (ATX) and OROS methylphenidate (MPH) as adjunctive to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with comorbid partially responsive major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Sixty Korean adults with ADHD and comorbid partially responsive MDD were recruited in a 12-week, randomized, rater-blinded, active-controlled trial and were evenly randomized to ATX or OROS MPH treatment...

BACKGROUND: Regular visit to psychiatric clinic is essential for successful treatment of any psychiatric condition including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). However, cancellation of outpatient appointments in patients with AD/HD, which represents a significant medical loss, has not been systematically investigated to our knowledge. METHODS: A systematic chart review was conducted for patients visiting the Shimada Ryoiku medical Center for Challenged Children in Japan at the age of ≤15 years from January to December 2013...

Psychostimulants are commonly prescribed medications for youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Limited studies have evaluated how psychostimulants (e.g., methylphenidate [MPH]) impact autonomic nervous system (ANS) indexes among youth with ADHD. Understanding the effects of MPH on autonomic functioning is essential, given that youth with ADHD have been shown to experience atypical autonomic functioning (i.e., reduced activity across both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches) compared to typically developing youth...

This study compares the efficacy and tolerability of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without prominent irritability (IRR) over the course of 30 months. This is a secondary analysis of a study examining growth patterns in medication naïve children with ADHD subsequently treated with CNS stimulants (predominantly OROS-Methylphenidate, up to 54 mg per day) for 30 months. Participants had to meet full diagnostic criteria for ADHD and been treated with CNS stimulants for under 30 days...

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on improving executive functions among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: This was an open-label, head-to-head, 3-month, randomized clinical trial with two-arm parallel-treatment groups: osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH; n  = 79) and atomoxetine once daily ( n  = 78). Three major domains of executive functions were assessed, including response selection/inhibition, flexibility, and planning/working memory...

We aimed to clarify the prescription trend of ADHD drugs in Japanese pediatric outpatients. From January 2012 to December 2018, we evaluated the trends of prescribing methylphenidate-osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS), atomoxetine, and guanfacine as monotherapy. In boys, methylphenidate-OROS and atomoxetine prescriptions decreased from 46.5 % to 37.2 % and 18.6 % to 15.6 %, respectively. Prescriptions of guanfacine increased from 0.0 % to 12.3 %. In girls, the methylphenidate-OROS prescriptions was not significantly different (37...

Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) consistently exhibit a stronger preference for immediate rewards than for larger rewards available following a delay on tasks measuring choice impulsivity (CI). Despite this, however, there remains a dearth of studies examining the impact of stimulant treatment on CI as well as associated higher order (e.g., working memory [WM]) and perceptual (e.g., time perception) cognitive processes. The present study examines the effect of osmotic release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) on CI, WM and time perception processes as well as the relation among these processes before and after taking a regimen of OROS-MPH...

Poor adherence is a major concern in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study was to evaluate factors linked to early interruption of and low adherence to treatment with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) in pediatric patients with ADHD. A total of 1353 young people (age 6-17 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD who newly started OROS-MPH were extracted from the pharmacoepidemiological data of 3 million people in Japan. The cohort was retrospectively surveyed every month for 12 months...

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms of inattention or impulsivity or both, and hyperactivity, which affect children, adolescents, and adults. In some countries, methylphenidate is the first option to treat adults with moderate or severe ADHD. However, evidence on the efficacy and adverse events of immediate-release (IR) methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD in adults is limited and controversial. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and harms (adverse events) of IR methylphenidate for treating ADHD in adults...