n100

The aim of this study was to better understand the relation of schizotypy traits with sensory gating ability in a sample of community-dwelling individuals with high and low schizotypy traits. Sensory gating was assessed through the paired click paradigm and mid-latency evoked responses (i.e., P50, N100, P200), while schizotypy traits were assessed through the SPQ-BR which was used to classify participants into "high" and "low" schizotypy groups. Based on prior work, we hypothesized that those with the highest schizotypy scores would have reduced sensory gating ability...

Neural oscillations on the human auditory cortex measured with the magnetoencephalography were band-pass filtered between 3 and 16 Hz and then divided into instantaneous phases and amplitudes by the Hilbert transformation. Spontaneously, the amplitudes fluctuated, i.e. waxed and waned; The phases rotated at around 6 Hz most of the time, but abruptly accelerated or decelerated when the amplitudes waned close to zero. After auditory stimuli, the amplitudes and the phases were coupled in the same way as spontaneously...

According to the latest frameworks, auditory perception and memory involve the constant prediction of future sound events by the brain, based on the continuous extraction of feature regularities from the environment. The neural hierarchical mechanisms for predictive processes in perception and memory for sounds are typically studied in relation to simple acoustic features in isolated sounds or sound patterns inserted in highly certain contexts. Such studies have identified reliable prediction formation and error signals, e...

In mental disorders, paired-pulse (PP) transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) recordings usage is increasing to directly evaluate the cortical inhibition of motor and nonmotor regions. One of the most common measures to assess the inhibition is the short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI), which depends on the interstimulus interval (ISI). This measure has been widely used in the motor cortex. However, the number of studies that evaluate other nonmotor regions, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), are increasing and there is still little knowledge on how the ISI affects those areas...

Higher grain yield in high-yielding rice varieties is mostly driven by nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied in abundant amounts leading to increased production cost and environmental pollution. This has fueled the studies on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to decrease the N fertilizer application in rice to the possible extent. NUE is a complex physiological trait controlled by multiple genes, but yet to be completely deciphered in rice. With an objective of identifying the promising physiological traits associated with NUE in rice, the performance of 14 rice genotypes was assessed at N0, N50, N100, and N150 for four (two wet and two dry) seasons using agro-morphological, grain yield, flag leaf traits, photosynthetic pigment content, flag leaf gas exchange traits, and chlorophyll fluorescence traits...

Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and psychological distress. Research suggests people with FM experience increased somatosensory sensitization which generalizes to other sensory modalities and may indicate neural hyperexcitability. However, the available evidence is limited, and studies including measures of neural responsivity across sensory domains and both central and peripheral aspects of the neuraxis are lacking. Thirty-nine participants (51.5 ± 13...

INTRODUCTION: Findings based on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyography (TMS-EMG) to determine the effects of motor lateralization and aging on intracortical excitation and inhibition in the primary motor cortex (M1) are inconsistent in the literature. TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) measures the excitability of excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the brain cortex without contamination from the spine and muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effects of motor lateralization (dominant and non-dominant hemispheres) and aging (young and older) and their interaction effects on intracortical excitation and inhibition within the M1 in healthy adults, measured using TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG...

The mining industry suppresses vegetation, exposing large soil areas in its ordinary operation. Water pollution and turbidity are caused by the carrying of solids, mainly colloidal particles, to the watercourses due to the effect of rainfall events. Therefore, the discharge of those effluents will lead to failure with watercourse quality parameters. Thus, there is a need to treat drainages (rainwaters) from the mining industry. However, using common coagulants and flocculants can result in acute or chronic ecotoxicity for aquatic biota...

BACKGROUND: The N100, an early auditory event-related potential, has been found to be altered in patients with psychosis. However, it is unclear if the N100 is a psychosis endophenotype that is also altered in the relatives of patients. METHODS: We conducted a family study using the auditory oddball paradigm to compare the N100 amplitude and latency across 243 patients with psychosis, 86 unaffected relatives, and 194 controls. We then conducted a systematic review and a random-effects meta-analysis pooling our results and 14 previously published family studies...

OBJECTIVE: This study tested the reactivity of motor cortex inhibition to different intensities of external stimulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and its internal modulation during different motor states in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome. METHODS: TMS-evoked N100 served as an indirect measure of GABAB receptor function which is related to cortical inhibition. Combined TMS/EEG was used to analyze the TMS-evoked N100 component evoked by different stimulation intensities as well as during resting condition, movement preparation (contingent negative variation task) and movement execution...

Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a specific form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), is a promising treatment for youth with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who do not respond to conventional therapies. However, given the variable response to TBS, a greater understanding of how baseline features relate to clinical response is needed to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from this treatment. In the current study, we sought to determine if baseline neurophysiology, specifically cortical excitation and/or inhibition, is associated with antidepressant response to TBS...

Research into the neural foundation of perception asserts a model where top-down predictions modulate the bottom-up processing of sensory input. Despite becoming increasingly influential in cognitive neuroscience, the precise account of this predictive coding framework remains debated. In this study, we aim to contribute to this debate by investigating how predictions about prosody facilitate speech perception, and to shed light especially on lexical access influenced by simultaneous predictions in different domains, inter alia, prosodic and semantic...

New feed additives as antibiotics substitutes are in urgent need in poultry production. Nano-composite of copper and carbon (NCCC), a novel copper donor with stronger antibacterial properties, is expected to promote broiler growth and diminish the negative effects of excess copper (Cu). Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of NCCC on growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant ability of yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 240 1-d-old male yellow-feathered broilers were selected and randomly divided into four groups, with five replications per group and 12 birds per replication...

The transcranial evoked potential (TEP) is a powerful technique to investigate brain dynamics, but some methodological issues limit its interpretation. A possible contamination of the TEP by electroencephalographic (EEG) responses evoked by the somatosensory input generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been postulated; nonetheless, a characterization of these responses is lacking. The aim of this work was to review current evidence about possible somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) induced by sources of somatosensory input in the craniofacial region...

OBJECTIVE: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients usually suffer from impaired episodic memory (EM), but its underlying electrophysiologic mechanism and impacted cognitive performance are unclear. We aim to investigate the association between episodic memory reserve and physiological measures of memory workload in TLE patients using Event-related potentials (ERP). METHODS: A change detection task with image stimuli assesses visual episodic memory. During the memory encoding and decoding phases, the ERP signals were analyzed from twenty-nine TLE patients (twelve with left TLE patients, seventeen with TLE), and thirty healthy controls...

Pretreating fibrous feedstuffs with exogenous enzymes may improve their utilization in broiler chickens. Pretreatment of wheat middlings ( WM ) and sunflower meal ( SM ) with fiber degrading enzymes ( FDE ) was investigated for 1) in vitro solubilization of crude protein ( CP ) and fiber-degrading (experiment 1), and 2) apparent retention ( AR ) of CP, neutral detergent fiber ( NDF ), nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy ( AMEn ), as well as the concentration of ceca digesta metabolites in broiler chickens (experiment 2)...

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core symptoms of inattention, and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity. In order to understand the basis for this multifaceted disorder, the investigation of sensory processing aberrancies recently reaches more interest. For example, during the processing of auditory stimuli comparable low sensory thresholds account for symptoms like higher distractibility and auditory hypersensitivity in patients with ADHD...

The glycosylation levels of proteins in cancer cells are closely related to cancer invasion and migration. CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is significantly overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and has been proven to promote the migration and motility of cancer cells, but the effect of its N-glycosylation modification on CD44 protein function in tumors is less studied. Here, we investigated the effect of six N-glycan chains (N25/57/100/110/120/255) on CD44s localization, function and stability in hepatocarcinoma cells...

Human adults typically experience difficulties in recognizing and discriminating individual faces belonging to racial groups other than their own. The origin of this "other-race" effect is set in infancy, but the understanding of its developmental course is fragmented. We aimed to access the mechanisms of the other-race effect in childhood by unraveling the neural time course of own- and other-race face processing during a masked priming paradigm. White 6- and 7-year-old children (N = 19) categorized fully visible Asian (other-race) or White (own-race) target faces according to gender...

An increasing number of studies have focused on the neural basis of complex mental inferences, which requires an understanding of the recursive nature of thought; however, the precise electrophysiological response to a recursive structure remains unclear. The present event-related potential (ERP) study investigated the recursive structure effect on the neural correlates of visual perspective taking by modifying a third-person visual perspective-taking task. Participants were required to determine how many dots in the presented scenes could be seen from the cued perspective, including the perspectives in the self, other, and recursive (one avatar's belief of another avatar) conditions...