error-related negativity

BACKGROUND: Optimal cognitive functions, including working memory (WM), are crucial to enable trainee physicians to perform and excel in their clinical practice. Several risk factors, including on-call shifts, poor mental health, burnout, and sleep problems, can impair clinical practice in trainee physicians, potentially through cognitive impairment; however, these associations have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of on-call shifts on WM among trainee physicians and its association with burnout, depression, anxiety, affect, and sleep...

INTRODUCTION: Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in developing tropical and sub-tropical nations are challenging to diagnose due to the numerous causes and non-specific symptoms. The proliferation of rapid diagnostic testing and successful control campaigns against malaria have revealed that non- Plasmodium pathogens still contribute significantly to AFI burden. Thus, a more complete understanding of local trends and potential causes is important for selecting the correct treatment course, which in turn will reduce morbidity and mortality...

Impulsive decision-making, particularly during states of affective intensity, is associated with greater risk of engagement in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) during adolescence. The proximal (dyadic parent-adolescent affect and impulsivity) and distal (family history of SITBs) risk factors that occur within the family system could be relevant processes at stake in the intergenerational transmission of risk. The current study tests the interdependence of parent-adolescent factors associated with risk for SITBs and probes the extent to which parent-adolescent affective states influence their own (actor-effects) and each other's (partner-effects) impulsive decision-making, and further whether these relationships are moderated by a parent's history of SITBs...

OBJECTIVE: The U.S. Army uses sex-specific circumference-based prediction equations to estimate percent body fat (%BF) to evaluate adherence to body composition standards. The equations are periodically evaluated to ensure that they continue to accurately assess %BF in a diverse population. The objective of this study was to develop and validate alternative field expedient equations that may improve upon the current Army Regulation (AR) body fat (%BF) equations. METHODS: Body size and composition were evaluated in a representatively sampled cohort of 1904 active-duty Soldiers (1261 Males, 643 Females), using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (%BFDXA ), and circumferences obtained with 3D imaging and manual measurements...

Health care workers are at increased risk for mental health issues due to high psychological and physical job demands. According to a recent study, stress beliefs (i.e., believing stress to be detrimental to one's health) might influence physicians' mental health in response to a naturalistic stressor (COVID-19 hospital working conditions). Due to a small sample size and high alpha error inflation, the suggested association needs to be interpreted with caution. The current study aims to replicate those findings in a larger sample...

Humans perceive their personal memories as fundamentally true, and although memory is prone to inaccuracies, flagrant memory errors are rare. Some patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) recall and act upon patently erroneous memories (spontaneous confabulations). Clinical observations suggest these memories carry a strong sense of confidence, a function ascribed to vmPFC in studies of memory and decision making. However, most studies of the underlying mechanisms of memory overconfidence do not directly probe personal recollections and resort instead to laboratory-based tasks and contrived rating scales...

Automatic parsing of syntactic information by the human brain is a well-established phenomenon, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Its best-known neurophysiological reflection is early left-anterior negativity (ELAN) ERP component with two alternative hypotheses for its origin: (1) error detection, or (2) morphosyntactic prediction/priming. To test these alternatives, we conducted two experiments using a non-attend passive design with visual distraction and recorded ERPs to spoken pronoun-verb phrases and the same critical verbs presented in isolation without pronouns...

Several lossy compressors have achieved superior compression rates for mass spectrometry (MS) data at the cost of storage precision. Currently, the impacts of precision losses on MS data processing have not been thoroughly evaluated, which is critical for the future development of lossy compressors. We first evaluated different storage precision (32 bit and 64 bit) in lossless mzML files. We then applied 10 truncation transformations to generate precision-lossy files: five relative errors for intensities and five absolute errors for m / z values...

INTRODUCTION: Continuous recognition tasks (CRTs) assess episodic memory (EM), the central functional disturbance in Alzheimer's disease and several related disorders. The online MemTrax computerized CRT provides a platform for screening and assessment that is engaging and can be repeated frequently. MemTrax presents complex visual stimuli, which require complex involvement of the lateral and medial temporal lobes and can be completed in less than 2 min. Results include number of correct recognitions (HITs), recognition failures (MISSes = 1-HITs), correct rejections (CRs), false alarms (FAs = 1-CRs), total correct (TC = HITs + CRs), and response times (RTs) for each HIT and FA...

One of the common errors in the calculation of the population attributable fraction (PAF) is the use of an adjusted risk ratio in the Levin formula. In this article, we discuss the errors visually using wireframes by varying the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and associational risk ratio (aRR) when the prevalence of exposure is fixed. When SMR > 1 and SMR > aRR, the absolute bias is positive, and its magnitude increases as the difference between SMR and aRR increases. By contrast, when aRR > SMR > 1, the absolute bias is negative and its magnitude is relatively small...

OBJECTIVE: Oscillometric finger pressing is a smartphone-based blood pressure (BP) monitoring method. Finger photoplethysmography (PPG) oscillations and pressure are measured during a steady increase in finger pressure, and an algorithm computes systolic BP (SP) and diastolic BP (DP) from the measurements. The objective was to assess the impact of finger artery viscoelasticity on the BP computation. METHODS: Nonlinear viscoelastic models relating transmural pressure (finger BP - applied pressure) to PPG oscillations during finger pressing were developed...

Inter-rater reliability (IRR) is one of the commonly used tools for assessing the quality of ratings from multiple raters. However, applicant selection procedures based on ratings from multiple raters usually result in a binary outcome; the applicant is either selected or not. This final outcome is not considered in IRR, which instead focuses on the ratings of the individual subjects or objects. We outline the connection between the ratings' measurement model (used for IRR) and a binary classification framework...

Omitted stimulus potentials (OSPs) are elicited in response to the omission of expected stimuli and are thought to reflect prediction errors. If prediction errors are signaled in the sensory cortex, OSPs are expected to be generated in the sensory cortex. The present study investigated the involvement of the early visual cortex in the generation of OSPs by testing whether omitted visual stimuli elicit brain responses in a spatially specific manner. Checkerboard pattern stimuli were presented alternately in the upper and lower visual fields, and the stimuli were omitted in 10% of the trials...

BACKGROUND: Globally, road traffic crashes are the leading cause of death for young adults. The P Drivers Project was a trial of a behavioural change program developed for, and targeted at, young Australian drivers in their initial months of solo driving when crash risk is at its highest. METHODS: In a parallel group randomised controlled trial, drivers (N = 35,109) were recruited within 100 days of obtaining their probationary licence (allowing them to drive unaccompanied) and randomised to an intervention or control group...

Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is the most prevalent comorbidity that occurs following breast cancer treatments and has negative impact on the patients' quality of life (QoL). The Lymphedema Functioning, Disability, and Health Questionnaire for Upper Limb Lymphedema (Lymph-ICF-UL) is a valid and reliable instrument in assessing the QoL of patients with BCRL. However, the Bahasa Malaysia (BM) version is not available yet. This study aimed to translate the Lymph-ICF-UL into BM and to evaluate its validity and reliability...

PURPOSE: Evidence supports that the Health Belief Model (HBM) can explain and predicts certain health behaviors, including participation in cervical cancer (CC) screening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a modified HBM for CC and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in female healthcare professionals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. METHODS: Psychometric properties related to CC and VIA were tested using 42-item modified HBM self-administered questionnaire and a cross-sectional study design with simple random sampling...

Reports an error in "Emotional context and predictability in naturalistic reading aloud" by Jessica M. Alexander and George A. Buzzell ( Emotion , Advanced Online Publication, Sep 14, 2023, np). In the article (https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001298), Table 1 as originally reported contained an error with respect to participant demographics. Specifically, participants who had selected multiple categories for race/ethnicity were mistakenly assigned to only the first alphabetical category selected. Updates have been made in the Race/ethnicity section of Table 1, to change the heading "American Indian or Alaska Native" to "Multiple selected," and to the relevant statistics under that heading as well as under the "Hispanic, Latino/a/x, or Spanish origin" and "Asian" headings...

RESEARCH BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) and causality modelling of food quality and analysis with 'big data'. AI with structural causal modelling (SCM), based on Bayesian networks and deep learning, enables the integration of theoretical field knowledge in food technology with process production, physicochemical analytics and consumer organoleptic assessments. Food products have complex nature and data are highly dimensional, with intricate interrelations (correlations) that are difficult to relate to consumer sensory perception of food quality...

The error-related negativity and an N2-component recorded over medial frontal cortex index core functions of cognitive control. While they are known to originate from agranular frontal areas, the underlying microcircuit mechanisms remain elusive. Most insights about microcircuit function have been derived from variations of the so-called canonical microcircuit model. These microcircuit architectures are based extensively on studies from granular sensory cortical areas in monkeys, cats, and rodents. However, evidence has shown striking cytoarchitectonic differences across species and differences in the functional relationships across cortical layers in agranular compared to granular sensory areas...

BACKGROUND: Most surveillance systems for catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are based on manual chart review. Our objective was to validate a fully automated algorithm for CRBSI and CLABSI surveillance in intensive care units (ICU). METHODS: We developed a fully automated algorithm to detect CRBSI, CLABSI and ICU-onset bloodstream infections (ICU-BSI) in patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland...