Kidney ca, brain metastases

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a leading cause of mortality among genitourinary malignancies with limited therapeutic options. The hematogenous route, lymphatic spread, and direct invasion have been documented in RCC. Usually, metastases are regional lymph nodes, lungs, bone, liver, adrenal glands, contralateral kidney, and brain. Metastases to the rare sites such as skin, breast, head and neck were documented in the literature. In the present case, we describe the synchronous metastases to the base of the tongue and thyroid gland in RCC and the response to sunitinib therapy on 18F-FDG PET/CT...

INTRODUCTION: This study is a case of solitary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) eyelid metastasis in a 66-year-old man as the first sign of a primary tumor. ccRCC usually spreads to the lungs, mediastinum, bones, liver, and brain, while ocular metastases are rare. CASE PRESENTATION: Solitary metastasis presented as a solid mass in the central third of the upper eyelid, which has been growing for 3 weeks. Treatment included tumor removal and blepharoplasty...

BACKGROUND: On the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study, treatment for clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) included combined vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (regimen I) plus radiation therapy (RT), yielding 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rates of 100%, 88%, 73%, and 29% for patients who had with stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. In the Children's Oncology Group study AREN0321 of risk-adapted therapy, RT was omitted for stage I disease if lymph nodes were sampled, and carboplatin was added for stage IV disease (regimen UH-1)...

BACKGROUND: Brain metastases (BM) affect clinical management and prognosis but limited resources exist to estimate BM risk in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Additionally, guidelines for brain MRI screening are limited. We aimed to develop and validate models to predict risk of BM at diagnosis for the most common cancer types that spread to the brain. METHODS: Breast cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) data were extracted from the National Cancer Database to evaluate for the variables associated with the presence of BM at diagnosis...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Intraventricular cerebral metastases (IVCM) are a rare but clinically significant subset of brain metastases. This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of IVCM by synthesizing current literature on epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, pathophysiology, and treatment options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted, identifying 11 relevant studies encompassing 11 studies encompassing 842 IVCM cases...

Patients with brain metastases (BrM) from renal cell carcinoma and their outcomes are not well characterized owing to frequent exclusion of this population from clinical trials. We analyzed data for patients with or without BrM using the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC). A total of 389/4799 patients (8.1%) had BrM on initiation of systemic therapy. First-line immuno-oncology (IO)-based combination therapy was associated with longer median overall survival (OS; 32.7 mo, 95% confidence interval [CI] 22...

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the oropharynx (OP). Treatment of OP SCC includes chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery. OP SCC can spread via direct extension, lymphatics, or hematogenously. Although rare, distant metastases can occur in OP SCC. The most common sites of metastasis include the lungs, bone, and liver. Other less common sites include the skin, bone marrow, brain, kidneys, eyes, and heart. Patients who present with distant metastases usually have a poor prognosis...

Metastatic lesions to the jaws are rare. The oral sites to which metastasis most commonly occur are the jaws, the gingiva, and the tongue. Lower jaw is a more frequent site of metastasis compared to the upper jaw with posterior areas (ramus, body) that are more prone to the deposition of cancerous cells due to presence of hematopoietic bone marrow, subdivision of local blood vessels and reduced velocity of blood flow. In fact, the formation of secondary foci of tumor colonization occurs by hematogenous dissemination of tumor emboli, that accumulate in regions with larger amounts of bone marrow and low circulatory velocity...

INTRODUCTION: The survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has improved dramatically due to novel systemic treatments. However, mRCC mortality continues to rise in Latin America. METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter study of patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2010-2018 in Mexico City was conducted. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of healthcare insurance on access to treatment and survival in patients with mRCC. RESULTS: Among 924 patients, 55...

BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas are aggressive malignancies associated with poor clinical outcomes and challenges in diagnosis. While local/regional disease in the neck is the most usual site of biopsy, in some cases, distant metastases may be the site of initial investigation. CASE REPORT A 66-year-old woman with a clinical concern for diffuse metastatic malignancy of unknown primary presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with jaundice and shortness of breath. Recent laboratory test results revealed an elevated CA 19-9...

Brain metastases (BMs) represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults, and most commonly originate from lung, followed by breast, melanoma, kidney, and colorectal cancer. Management of BM is individualized based on the size and number of brain metastases, the extent of extracranial disease, the primary tumor subtype, neurological symptoms, and prior lines of therapy. Until recently, treatment strategies were limited to local therapies, like surgical resection and radiotherapy, the latter in the form of whole-brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in Canada. Although it is less common than other cancers, the mortality rate has remained high and stable since 1984, with a five-year net survival rate being the lowest of 23 reported cancers. The limited options for detection and treatment contribute to the high mortality rate. A developing area of treatment is tumour site agnostic targeted therapy, where patients' cancer is treated based on genomic alterations that are amenable to targeted agents, regardless of where the tumour originated...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 90% of cases of malignant kidney tumors and represents 2-3% of all malignancies worldwide. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common type of RCC, comprising 70-80% of cases. RCC most commonly metastasizes to the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, liver, adrenal glands, and brain. Synchronous metastasis of RCC to the ipsilateral ureter represents an extremely rare event. Ureteral metastasis is a significant diagnostic challenge, since it is quite difficult to determine whether it has metastatic origin (RCC) or it is a primary urothelial tumor...

Bowel intussusception is rare in adults and is usually driven by an underlying pathological process affecting the bowel. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and its disease course, depending on the initial histology and disease stage, can metastasize to adrenal glands, lungs, bones, brains and contralateral kidney that can be challenging to follow. We present the case of a patient with a history of radical left nephrectomy for RCC that developed an acute bowel obstruction, secondary to an ileal metastasis of RCC...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): HPV related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) enjoys improved treatment outcomes relative to non-HPV related disease but suffers from similar rates of distant metastases (DM) following treatment. Emerging data supports radical intent therapy for oligometastatic relapsed HPV-OPC, suggesting early diagnosis of DM may be beneficial to outcome. We assess temporal patterns in distance relapse to investigate rationalization of post treatment imaging. MATERIALS/METHODS: A retrospective single center cohort study was carried out of consecutive HPV-OPC treated with radical intent (chemo)radiotherapy ((CT)RT) between 2011 and 2020...

BACKGROUND: While acknowledging the generally poor prognostic features of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (BM RCC), it is important to be aware of the fact that neurosurgery still plays a vital role in managing this disease, even though we have entered an era of targeted therapies. Notwithstanding their initial high effectiveness, these agents often fail, as tumors develop resistance or relapse. METHODS: The authors of this study aimed to evaluate patients presenting with BM RCC and their outcomes after being treated in the Neurosurgical Department of Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", and the Neurosurgical Department of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania...

INTRODUCTION: It is unknown whether specific locations of visceral metastatic sites affect overall survival (OS) of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) patients. We tested the association between specific locations of visceral metastatic sites and OS in mPCa patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2010-2016), survival analyses relied on specific locations of visceral metastases: lung only vs. liver only vs. brain only vs...

We aimed to overview the most recent data on sternal metastases from a multidisciplinary approach (diagnosis strategies, outcome, and histological reports). This narrative review based on a PubMed search (between January 2020 and 22 July 2023) using key words such as "sternal", "manubrium", and "metastasis" within the title and/or abstract only included original papers that specifically addressed secondary sternal spreading of cancer in adults, for a total of 48 original articles (14 studies and 34 single case reports)...

BACKGROUND: The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to cancer progression and treatment response to therapy, including in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Prior profiling studies, including single-cell transcriptomics, often involve limited sample sizes and lack spatial orientation. The TME of RCC brain metastases, a major cause of morbidity, also remains largely uncharacterized. METHODS: We performed digital spatial profiling on the NanoString GeoMx platform using 52 validated immuno-oncology markers on RCC tissue microarrays representing progressive stages of RCC, including brain metastases...

Solid tumors are abnormal mass of tissue, which affects the organs based on its malignancy and leads to the dysfunction of the affected organs. The major problem associated with treatment of solid tumors is delivering anticancer therapeutics to the deepest layers/core of the solid tumor. Deposition of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) hinders the therapeutics to travel towards the core of the tumor. Therefore, conventional anticancer therapeutics can only reduce the tumor size and that also for a limited duration, and tumor recurrence occurs once the therapy is discontinued...