Neo natal

AIMS: To investigate differences in maternal and foetal outcomes in pregnancy, where patients developed hypoglycaemia following the 2-hour 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). METHOD: A retrospective cohort study of 200 pregnancies attending the Antenatal Clinic at Tameside General Hospital between 2018 and 2022. Outcomes were compared between 4 groups: normal OGTT [G1; (n = 39, 20%), diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on OGTT [G2; BG ≥ 5...

Meniscus tears in the avascular region undergoing partial or full meniscectomy lead to knee osteoarthritis and concurrent lifestyle hindrances in the young and aged alike. Here they reported ingenious photo-polymerizable autologous growth factor loaded 3D printed scaffolds to potentially treat meniscal defects . A shear-thinning photo-crosslinkable silk fibroin methacrylate-gelatin methacrylate-polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate biomaterial-ink is formulated and loaded with freeze-dried growth factor rich plasma (GFRP) ...

Every person diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) needs to initiate treatment. The World Health Organization estimated that 61% of people who developed TB in 2021 were included in a TB treatment registration system. Initial loss to follow-up (ILTFU) is the loss of persons to care between diagnosis and treatment initiation/registration. LINKEDin, a quasi-experimental study, evaluated the effect of 2 interventions (hospital recording and an alert-and-response patient management intervention) in 6 subdistricts across 3 high-TB burden provinces of South Africa...

Female adolescent athletes are at a higher risk of tearing their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) than male counterparts. While most work related to hormones has focused on the effects of estrogen to understand the increased risk of ACL injury, there are other understudied factors, including testosterone. The purpose of this study was to determine how surgical castration in the male porcine model influences ACL size and function across skeletal growth. Thirty-six male Yorkshire crossbreed pigs were raised to 3 (juvenile), 4...

Understanding early patterning events in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation can provide a blueprint for regenerative strategies to better recapitulate the function of native tissues. Currently, there is little knowledge on the initial, incipient ECM of articular cartilage and meniscus, two load-bearing counterparts of the knee joint. This study elucidated distinctive traits of their developing ECMs by studying the composition and biomechanics of these two tissues in mice from mid-gestation (embryonic day 15...

Choanal atresia refers to congenital blockage of posterior choana of nose by the presence of a bony or membranous soft tissue. It causes respiratory distress in newborn which requires emergency surgical intervention. Various surgical methods are available for correction of choanal atresia and endoscopic approach is the commonly used one. However there is risk of re-stenosis after surgery. This article focuses on surgical refinements to improve the surgical outcome. It is a retrospective study done on eight newborns with bilateral congenital choanalatresia...

BACKGROUND: Pre-term birth (PTB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn and infants. One of the proposed theories is the withdrawal of progesterone, either actual or functional, to be an antecedent to the onset of labor. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of vaginal progesterone in delaying delivery following an episode of arrested pre-term labor. METHODS: This is a pragmatic open-label randomized controlled trial that was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur...

Female adolescent athletes are at a higher risk of tearing their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) than male counterparts. While most work related to hormones has focused on the effects of estrogen to understand the increased risk of ACL injury, there are other understudied factors, including testosterone. The purpose of this study was to determine how surgical castration in the male porcine model influences ACL size and function across skeletal growth. Thirty-six male Yorkshire crossbreed pigs were raised to 3 (juvenile), 4...

BACKGROUND: This article describes the experience of a rural human milk bank, with the problems faced in first 6 months including the coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis and interventions leading to success. METHODS: The study included individual counselling by dedicated counsellors, focused counselling of primipara mothers seeking the help of obstetricians, counselling of pre-term mothers by neo-natal nurses, periodically delivered information in post-natal wards, and counselling of grandmothers and husbands...

The study aims to assess the quality of birthweight data collected in two surveys, including the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), and as reported in the statistics from the Health Management Information System (HMIS). The study also aims to assess the implications of the data on the estimates of low birthweight (LBW). The percentage of newborns whose birthweight is missing continues to be high in the recent surveys (NFHS-4: 22%, CNNS: 30%) despite an improvement from 66% in NFHS-3...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether children born to women who use serotonergic antidepressants during pregnancy have higher risk of neonatal seizures and epilepsy. METHODS: We used Swedish register-based data to examine associations between maternal-reported use of selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) in pregnancy and diagnosis of neonatal seizures and/or epilepsy in over 1.2 million children...

After immediate tooth extraction or after alveolar socket healing, tooth transplants are increasingly used for functional restoration of edentulous maxillary areas. Recent studies have shown the periodontal ligament (PDL) viability and the tooth housing time in the adapted neo-alveolus as key factors for transplantation success. During surgical time, 3D stereolithographic replicas are used for fitting test procedures. In this paper, the accuracy of 3D dental replicas, compared with the corresponding natural teeth, is assessed in surgical transplantation...

BACKGROUND: Almost 2.5 million neonates died in the first year of life in the year 2017. These account for almost half of the total deaths of children under the age of 5 years. Overall, child mortality has declined over the past two decades. Comparatively, the pace of decline in neonatal mortality has remained much slow. Significant inequalities in health across several dimensions - including wealth, ethnicity, and geography - continue to exist both between and within countries, and these contribute to neonatal mortality...

A 29 days old female child presented to the general outpatient department of Community Health Center with greenish black crusting over left ear for 7-8days duration without any other signs and symptoms. We report the diagnosis and management of the condition through ad-hoc store and forward tele-dermatology. This is the first reported case of dermatitis neglecta in neo-natal period.

Angiogenesis is a crucial event in the physiological processes of embryogenesis and wound healing. During malignant transformation, dysregulation of angiogenesis leads to the formation of a vascular network of tumor-associated capillaries promoting survival and proliferation of the tumor cells. Starting with the hypothesis formulated by Judah Folkman that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent, this area of research has a solid scientific foundation and inhibition of angiogenesis is a major area of therapeutic development for the treatment of cancer...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration...

Measurements of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2 ) have been used in multiple venues, such as during procedures utilizing jet ventilation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as well as both the adult and neo-natal ICUs. However, tcCO2 measurements have not been validated under conditions which utilize an artificial lung, such cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The purpose of this study was to (1) validate the use of tcCO2 using an artificial lung during CPB and (2) identify a location for the sensor that would optimize estimation of PaCO2 when compared to the gold standard of blood gas analysis...

Recently, a strong correlation between metabolic disorders, tumor onset, and progression has been demonstrated, directing new therapeutic strategies on metabolic targets. OLR1 gene encodes the LOX-1 receptor protein, responsible for the recognition, binding, and internalization of ox-LDL. In the past, several studied, aimed to clarify the role of LOX-1 receptor in atherosclerosis, shed light on its role in the stimulation of the expression of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and pro-angiogenic proteins, including NF-kB and VEGF, in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages...

Recent advances in identification and characterization of human-specific regulatory DNA sequences set the stage for the assessment of their global impact on physiology and pathology of modern humans. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) of 8405 genes linked with 35,074 human-specific neuro-regulatory single-nucleotide changes (hsSNCs) revealed numerous significant associations with morphological structures, physiological processes, and pathological conditions of modern humans. Significantly enriched traits include more than 1000 anatomically distinct regions of the adult human brain, many different types of cells and tissues, more than 200 common human disorders, and more than 1000 records of rare diseases...

We present a mesoergonomic approach to the early detection of neonatal sepsis, analyzing clinical data for 4999 patients from a neo-natal intensive care unit to predict positive culture results. The Apgar score at birth predicted positive results. For neonates with poor and intermediate Apgar scores, culture results for monitored infants were more likely to be positive than those for unmonitored infants. Thus, the medical staff tended to monitor infants who eventually had a greater chance for positive test results...