Dosty

BACKGROUND: Racial and ethnic disparities have been well-described among surgical specialties, however, variations in underrepresented minority (URiM) representation between these specialties have not previously been quantified. METHODS: Data collected from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) annual reports were used to derive the Diversity of Surgical Trainee Index (DoSTI) metric, which was calculated as the proportion of URiM resident and fellow physicians within a given surgical specialty, relative to the overall proportion of URiM trainees within all surgical and non-surgical ACGME-accredited programs in the same academic year...

The design of novel 4'-thionucleoside analogues bearing a C2' stereogenic all-carbon quaternary center is described. The synthesis involves a highly diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction, and a diastereoselective radical-based vinyl group transfer to generate the all-carbon stereogenic C2' center, along with different approaches to control the selectivity of the N -glycosidic bond. Intramolecular SN 2-like cyclization of a mixture of acyclic thioaminals provided analogues with a pyrimidine nucleobase...

Telerehabilitation is proposed as a promising avenue to enhance service accessibility for Indigenous communities, yet its application for Indigenous children remains relatively unexplored. This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework to explore current knowledge on the use of telerehabilitation for Indigenous children. Ten scholarly databases, seven grey literature databases, reference searches, and expert consultations were utilised to identify relevant studies. Included articles discussed the use of telerehabilitation provided by rehabilitation professionals (e...

OBJECTIVE: Despite speech being the primary communication medium, it carries valuable information about a speaker's health, emotions, and identity. Various conditions can affect the vocal organs, leading to speech difficulties. Extensive research has been conducted by voice clinicians and academia in speech analysis. Previous approaches primarily focused on one particular task, such as differentiating between normal and dysphonic speech, classifying different voice disorders, or estimating the severity of voice disorders...

BACKGROUND: Host immunity is critical in determining outcomes of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs). However, detailed kinetics of host immune responses following natural exposures are poorly understood. Investigating the host response during the pre-symptomatic phase of viral infection is challenging, and prior work has largely relied on human challenge studies. In this prospective longitudinal study, we utilized a self-blood collection tool ( hom eRNA) to profile the host response during pre-symptomatic ARVIs in recently exposed adults and present a study framework for the conduct of large-scale longitudinal mechanistic studies...

HOTAIRM1 is unlike most long non-coding RNAs in that its sequence is highly conserved across mammals. Such evolutionary conservation points to it having a role in key cellular processes. We previously reported that HOTAIRM1 is required to curb premature activation of downstream HOXA genes in a cell model recapitulating their sequential induction during development. We found that it regulates 3' HOXA gene expression by a mechanism involving epigenetic and three-dimensional chromatin changes. Here we show that HOTAIRM1 participates in proper progression through the early stages of neuronal differentiation...

The search for efficient capillary pumping has led to two main directions for investigation: first, assembly of capillary channels to provide high capillary pressures, and second, imbibition in absorbing fibers or paper pads. In the case of open microfluidics (i.e., channels where the top boundary of the fluid is in contact with air instead of a solid wall), the coupling between capillary channels and paper pads unites the two approaches and provides enhanced capillary pumping. In this work, we investigate the coupling of capillary trees-networks of channels mimicking the branches of a tree-with paper pads placed at the extremities of the channels, mimicking the small capillary networks of leaves...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Pancreas divisum (PD) can be one of the causes of unexplained chronic abdominal pain. In PD, the dominant duct drains the majority of the pancreas via the minor papilla, which can be conveyed in the imaging as crossing duct sign. ABSTRACT: We report a case a of 16-year-old man who presented with unexplained chronic abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a bulky pancreas, but his pancreatic enzymes were normal...

As a group of diseases characterized by uncontrollable cell growth, cancer is highly multifaceted in how it overrides checkpoints controlling proliferation. Amongst the regulators of these checkpoints, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can have key roles in why natural biological processes go haywire. LncRNAs represent a large class of regulatory transcripts that can localize anywhere in cells. They were found to affect gene expression on many levels from transcription to mRNA translation and even protein stability...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the acceptability of a telerehabilitation intervention provided to parents of children with motor difficulties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen parents of children were purposefully recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews aimed at assessing the acceptability of the telerehabilitation intervention. Interviews were analyzed thematically. RESULTS: All participants described evolving acceptability associated with their interactions with the web platform...

We present data on life history parameters from a long-term study of vervet monkeys in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Estimates are presented of age at first conception for females and age at natal dispersal for males, along with the probability of survival to adulthood for infants born during the study, female reproductive life-span, reproductive output (including lifetime reproductive success for a subset of females), and inter-birth interval (IBI) duration. We also assess the effect of maternal age and infant survival on length of IBI...

AIMS: High rates of mental illness among individuals experiencing homelessness, as well as documented contacts with psychiatric services prior to episodes of homelessness, indicate that early intervention could play a key role in homelessness prevention. Decision-makers and clinical teams need longitudinal data on housing trajectories following initial contact with psychiatric services, as well as on predictors of risk of housing instability and homelessness. This paper describes the AMONT study, a mixed-methods naturalistic longitudinal cohort study of individuals identified as new psychiatric service users in seven clinical sites across the province of Québec (Canada)...

BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines for most adults with diabetes recommend maintaining hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) levels ≤7% (≤53 mmol/mol) to avoid microvascular and macrovascular complications. People with diabetes of different ages, sexes, and socioeconomic statuses may differ in their ease of attaining this goal. OBJECTIVE: As a team of people with diabetes, researchers, and health professionals, we aimed to explore patterns in HbA1c results among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in Canada...

Pain during sexual intercourse, also called dyspareunia, affects most women after treatment for gynecological cancer. Previous work adopted a biomedical approach to depict dyspareunia in this population, which provided a narrow perspective of this condition. Taking into account women's experiences of dyspareunia and the factors influencing their care-seeking behaviors would provide insight to improve care in the context of gynecological cancer. The aim of this study was to describe gynecological cancer survivors' experiences of dyspareunia and factors influencing care-seeking behavior...

Within the scope of the FANTOM6 consortium, we perform a large-scale knockdown of 200 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and systematically characterize their roles in self-renewal and pluripotency. We find 36 lncRNAs (18%) exhibiting cell growth inhibition. From the knockdown of 123 lncRNAs with transcriptome profiling, 36 lncRNAs (29.3%) show molecular phenotypes. Integrating the molecular phenotypes with chromatin-interaction assays further reveals cis- and trans-interacting partners as potential primary targets...

Navigating the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, now COVID) pandemic has required resilience and creativity worldwide. Despite early challenges to productivity, more than 2,000 peer-reviewed articles on islet biology were published in 2021. Herein we highlight noteworthy advances in islet research between January 2021 and April 2022, focussing on 5 areas. First, we discuss new insights into the role of glucokinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and mitochondrial function on insulin secretion from the pancreatic ß cell, provided by new genetically modified mouse models and live imaging...

Using data from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database between 2001 and 2015, the authors examine the impact of firms' hiring and pay-setting policies on the gender earnings gap in Canada. Consistent with the existing literature and following Card, Cardoso, and Kline (2016), findings show that firm-specific premiums explain nearly one-quarter of the 26.8% average earnings gap between female and male workers. On average, firms' hiring practices, due to differences in the relative proportion of women hired at high-wage firms (known as sorting), and pay-setting policies, due to differences in pay by gender within similar firms, each explain approximately one-half of this firm effect...

Lumen structures exist throughout the human body, and the vessels of the circulatory system are essential for carrying nutrients and oxygen and regulating inflammation. Vasodilation, the widening of the blood vessel lumen, is important to the immune response as it increases blood flow to a site of inflammation, raises local temperature, and enables optimal immune system function. A common method for studying vasodilation uses excised vessels from animals; major drawbacks include heterogeneity in vessel shape and size, time-consuming procedures, sacrificing animals, and differences between animal and human biology...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Multimodal pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) is recommended after gynecological malignancies to treat dyspareunia. However, data to strongly support its implementation in the cancer care continuum are lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the views and experiences of gynecological cancer survivors with dyspareunia regarding the acceptability of multimodal PFPT. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted with the participants (n = 28) of a study investigating a 12-week multimodal PFPT treatment...

BACKGROUND: Low socioeconomic status (SES) may add to the challenges of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management and be an independent risk factor for chronic and acute diabetes complications. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the association between SES and TID management and risk of complications in a universal health-care system using data from a registry of people living with T1D (PWT1D) in Québec, Canada (the BETTER registry). METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional analysis describing the association between SES factors (education, income, employment and insurance coverage) and T1D outcomes (glycated hemoglobin [A1C], acute and chronic complications and comorbidities), using chi-square tests and regression analyses (adjusted for diabetes duration, sex, ethnicity and diabetes technology use)...