Carbapeneme resistancy

AIMS: The current work aims to fully characterize a new antimicrobial agent against Acinetobacter baumannii, which continues to represent a growing threat to healthcare settings worldwide. With minimal treatment options due to the extensive spread of resistance to almost all the available antimicrobials, the hunt for new antimicrobial agents is a high priority. METHODS AND RESULTS: An Egyptian soil-derived bacterium strain NHM-077B proved to be a promising source for a new antimicrobial agent...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global threat and AMR-attributable mortality is particularly high in Central, Eastern, Southern and Western Africa. The burden of clinically infected wounds, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and surgical site infections (SSI) in these regions is substantial. This systematic review reports the extent of AMR from sampling of these infections in Africa, to guide treatment. It also highlights gaps in microbiological diagnostic capacity. PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericheria coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in clinically infected wounds, SSTI and SSI in Central, Eastern, Southern or Western Africa, and studies reporting AMR from such clinical isolates...

BACKGROUND: Nationwide research on the association between carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs) and antibiotic use is limited. METHODS: This nested case-control study analyzed Korean National Health Insurance claims data from April 2017 to April 2019. Based on the occurrence of CRE, hospitalized patients aged ≥ 18 years were classified into CRE (cases) and control groups. Propensity scores based on age, sex, modified Charlson comorbidity score, insurance type, long-term care facility, intensive care unit stay, and acquisition of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were used to match the case and control groups (1:3)...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to children's health, particularly in respiratory infections. Accurate identification of pathogens and AMR is crucial for targeted antibiotic treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) shows promise in directly detecting microorganisms and resistance genes in clinical samples. However, the accuracy of AMR prediction through mNGS testing needs further investigation for practical clinical decision-making. METHODS: We aimed to evaluate the performance of mNGS in predicting AMR for severe pneumonia in pediatric patients...

This study aimed to explore the role of the two-component system Bae SR in the mechanism of drug resistance in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) using molecular docking and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The two-component system Bae SR of Acinetobacter baumannii was subjected to molecular docking with imipenem, meropenem, and levofloxacin. Antibacterial assays and fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to explore protein-ligand interactions and molecular biological resistance mechanisms related to CRAB...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main pathogen associated with pulmonary exacerbation in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is a multisystemic genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, which mainly affects pulmonary function. P. aeruginosa isolated from individuals with CF in Brazil is not commonly associated with multidrug resistance (MDR), especially when compared to global occurrence, where the presence of epidemic clones, capable of expressing resistance to several drugs, is often reported...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (CRPA-BSI) and identify predictors of outcomes among patients with P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection (PA-BSI). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with PA-BSI at Henan Cancer Hospital from 2013 to 2022. RESULTS: Among the 503 incidences analyzed, 15.1% of them were CRPA strains. Age, ANC<100/mmc, receiving antifungal prophylaxis, exposure to carbapenems within the previous 90 days to onset of BSI, and allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) were associated with the development of CRPA-BSI...

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health problems worldwide. This study aimed to detect the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL-)producing Escherichia ( E. ) coli in chicken meat in Istanbul, Türkiye. Raw chicken meat samples ( n = 208) were collected from different sale points and analyzed for ESBL-producing E. coli . In total, 101 (48.5%) isolates were confirmed as E. coli by PCR, of which 80/101 (79.2%) demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistance. Resistance against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was most frequent (87...

OBJECTIVES: To report trends in carbapenem resistance and difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) among clinical isolates of Gram-negative priority pathogens collected by the ATLAS global surveillance program from 2018 to 2022. METHODS: Reference broth microdilution testing was performed in a central laboratory for 79,214 Enterobacterales, 30,504 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 13,500 Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex isolates collected by a constant set of 157 medical centres in 49 countries in Asia Pacific (APAC), Europe (EUR), Latin America (LATAM), Middle East-Africa (MEA), and North America (NA) regions...

OBJECTIVES: Antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human pathogen of major global concern due to its ability to cause multiple severe diseases that are often difficult to treat therapeutically. This study aimed to investigate the resistome of local clinical K. pneumoniae isolates. METHODS: Herein, we used a whole genome sequencing approach and bioinformatics tools to reconstruct the resistome of ten clinical K. pneumoniae isolates and one clinical isolate of the closely related Klebsiella quasipneumoniae obtained from patients from three major hospitals in Trinidad, West Indies...

BACKGROUND: The Global increase in colonization by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria poses a significant concern. The precise impact of MDR colonization in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) remains not well established. OBJECTIVES: Assess the impact of MDR colonization on SOTR's mortality, infection, or graft-loss. DATA SOURCE: Data from PROSPERO, OVID Medline, Ovid EMBASE, Wiley Cochrane Library, ProQuest Dissertations, Theses Global, and SCOPUS, were systematically reviewed spanning from inception until March 20, 2023...

Our study aimed to detect carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and/or carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli in perianal swab samples, exploring their link to bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a tertiary-care university hospital. CRKP-related BSIs ranged from 3.7% to 9.58%, emphasizing the need to understand local risk factors for effective infection control.

BackgroundAs increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii poses a global healthcare challenge, understanding its evolution is crucial for effective control strategies.AimWe aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and main resistance mechanisms of Acinetobacter spp. in Spain in 2020, and to explore temporal trends of A. baumannii .MethodsWe collected 199 single-patient Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolates in 2020 from 18 Spanish tertiary hospitals. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for nine antimicrobials were determined...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can potentially harm global public health. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which speeds up the emergence of AMR and increases the burden of drug resistance in mobile genetic elements (MGEs), is the primary method by which AMR genes are transferred across bacterial pathogens. New approaches are urgently needed to halt the spread of bacterial diseases and antibiotic resistance. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), an RNA-guided adaptive immune system, protects prokaryotes from foreign DNA like plasmids and phages...

Objective: To investigate the distribution and clinical characteristics of pathogenic bacteria following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as well as to provide a preliminary research foundation for key microbial monitoring, and clinical diagnosis and treatment of infections after HSCT in hematological patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 190 patients who tested positive for microbial testing [G-bacteria blood culture and/or carbapenem-resistant organism (CRO) screening of perianal swabs] at our center from January 2018 to December 2022...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring Verona Integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase enzymes (VIM-CRPA) have been associated with infection outbreaks in several parts of the world. In the US, however, VIM-CRPA remain rare. Starting in December 2018, we identified a cluster of cases in our institution. Herein, we present our epidemiological investigation and strategies to control/manage these challenging infections. This study was conducted in a large academic healthcare system in Miami, FL, between December 2018 and January 2022...

Eravacycline (ERV) has emerged as a therapeutic option for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant pathogens. However, the advent of heteroresistance (HR) to ERV poses a challenge to these therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to investigate ERV HR prevalence among common clinical isolates and further characterize ERV HR in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). A total of 280 clinical pathogens from two centers were selected for HR and analyzed using population analysis profiling (PAP) and modified E -tests...

BACKGROUND: Taniborbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor that, when combined with cefepime, may offer a potential treatment option for patients with serious and resistant Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) pathogens. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated in vitro activity of cefepime/taniborbactam and comparator agents against GNB pathogens isolated from patients with cancer at our institution. METHODS: A total of 270 GNB pathogens (2019-23) isolated from patients with cancer were tested against cefepime/taniborbactam and comparator agents commonly used for these patients...

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is resistant to almost all antibiotics. Eravacycline, a newer treatment option, has the potential to treat CRAB infections, however, the mechanism by which CRAB isolates develop resistance to eravacycline has yet to be clarified. This study sought to investigate the features and mechanisms of eravacycline heteroresistance among CRAB clinical isolates. A total of 287 isolates were collected in China from 2020 to 2022. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eravacycline and other clinically available agents against A...

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a causative agent of bacterial meningitis in adults. However, there is little information regarding this infection. Therefore, this study comprehensively analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis (KPM) patients. METHODS: The clinical data of adult hospitalized patients with KPM were retrospectively collected from January 2015 to December 2022. The clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of KPM were evaluated...