Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

A 45-year-old male with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome presented with vision loss in his right eye after discontinuing treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. He was found to have bullous retinal detachment (RD) in the right eye and was started on subcutaneous adalimumab with oral corticosteroid following three doses of pulse corticosteroid. But when RD did not resolve after 4 months of treatment and ultrasound B scan showed bullous RD with retino-retinal adhesion, he was planned for surgical intervention...

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of clinical findings and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) score with inflammatory markers derived from complete blood count (CBC) parameters in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) to determine the diagnostic and predictive role. METHODS: Demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, ocular findings, optical coherence tomography findings, ICGA scores and best corrected visual acuity were recorded in treatment-naive VKH patients at presentation...

Purpose To determine the etiology and anatomic localization of uveitis, the frequency of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, and the type of secondary glaucoma and to assess the medical, surgical, and postoperative complications in adult and pediatric patients with acute or chronic uveitis. Methods A total of 307 eyes of 186 patients who were followed up in the Uvea-Behçet Unit of the Ophthalmology Department, Erciyes University, Turkey, were included in the study. Demographic, ocular, and systemic data were recorded; ophthalmological examinations were performed; and recurrences and complications of uveitis were identified...

Objective: To analyze the current research status of uveitis in China. Methods: It was a bibliometric analysis study. Using search formulas covering uveitis and its multiple subtypes, uveitis-related literature in English with publication dates from 2013 to 2022 was retrieved in Web of Science core databases through certain search strategies. This study used the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm to build topic models and analyzed the trends of research topics in recent years. Bibliometric analysis was used to analyze and visualize the bibliometric indicators (e...

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a member of the IL-12 family. The gene encoding IL-27 is located at chromosome 16p11. IL-27 is considered as a heterodimeric cytokine, which consists of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced gene 3 (Ebi3) and IL-27p28. Based on the function of IL-27, it binds to receptor IL-27rα or gp130 and then regulates downstream cascade. To date, findings show that the expression of IL-27 is abnormal in different inflammatory autoimmune diseases (including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, Behcet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, and ankylosing spondylitis)...

Dabrafenib and trametinib, approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, are associated with a spectrum ophthalmic toxicity including pan-uveitis and serous retinopathy. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by bilateral granulomatous pan-uveitis, exudative retinal detachments, and often associated with extraocular manifestations such as tinnitus, vitiligo, headaches, or encephalopathy. We present a 49-year-old woman with stage IV metastatic cutaneous melanoma developed bilateral acute pan-uveitis with multifocal serous retinal detachments, 4 months after starting combined dabrafenib and trametinib therapy...

PURPOSE: To compare various ocular thermography parameters in posterior scleritis (PS), choroiditis (choroidal granuloma [CG], Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada [VKH] syndrome), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), and healthy controls. METHODS: This retrospective, observational, comparative study evaluated cases undergoing ocular thermography between April 2017 and October 2023. The study groups included cases of PS, CG, and VKH, while the control group comprised CSCR cases and healthy individuals...

PURPOSE: To present a case of Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) associated with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED) in a two-year-old. CASE PRESENTATION: A two-year-old type 1 diabetic with hypothyroidism presented with impaired fixation. Ocular examination revealed right vitritis, choroiditis, a hyperemic disc, and an area of exudative detachment. At the same time, there was no fundus view in the left eye, and ultrasonographic assessment revealed vitritis and a thickened choroid...

In recent years, ultrasound has demonstrated its usefulness in the approach to vascular structures and other tissues such as the orbit, facilitating the early diagnosis of various diseases without having to rely on other more invasive or less available tests. In Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome, characterised by bilateral acute uveitis, ocular ultrasound is a clear example of the usefulness of ultrasonography in early diagnosis, facilitating the initiation of specific treatment to change the ominous natural history of this disease...

PURPOSE: To describe disease characteristics and outcomes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in elderly patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients older than 50 years with VKH disease at two referral centers in India. Demographics, extraocular and ocular involvement, treatment, complications, and visual acuity outcomes were noted. RESULTS: In total, 69 patients (mean age at presentation: 56.4 ± 4.7 years) were analyzed; 6/69 patients had diabetes mellitus at presentation, and 10/69 had hypertension...

AIM: The aim of this research is to evaluate the demographic attributes and clinical manifestations of uveitis in adult patients frequenting the Mansoura Ophthalmic Center. METHODS: Utilizing a cross-sectional, prospective, analytical study design, this research engaged adult patients visiting the outpatient uveitis clinic at the Mansoura Ophthalmic Center. Comprehensive case evaluations involved collecting detailed patient histories, examining ophthalmic records, and conducting thorough ocular examinations...

The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKHS) is a unique form of granulomatous autoimmune disease that mostly impacts the pigmented tissues of the body. The main feature is bilateral granulomatous panuveitis, which is detected on ophthalmologic examination, along with additional systemic signs such as vitiligo, white hair, neurological involvement, or hearing loss. This study aims to report two cases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome presented in the children age group, which is unusual and very rare, to improve recognition of this disease to avoid complications and delay referral...

The association between vaccines and ocular disorders has attracted significant attention in scientific research. Numerous mainstream vaccines are associated with a range of uveitis types, including anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis. Additionally, they are associated with distinct ocular diseases such as multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). These ocular conditions are often transient, with a vast majority of patients experiencing improvement after steroid intervention...

BACKGROUND: Polyautoimmunity is the expression of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient. This report documents polyautoimmunity in a mixed breed dog with concurrent uveitis, cutaneous depigmentation, and inflammatory myopathy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 1-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented for progressive generalized leukotrichia and leukoderma, bilateral panuveitis, and masticatory muscle atrophy. The latter progressed to myositis of lingual, pharyngeal, and masticatory muscles confirmed by biopsy...

BACKGROUND: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) is a systemic disease that affects organs profuse in melanocytes, presenting with a chronic and diffuse bilateral granulomatous panuveitis, as well as neurological, auditory, and cutaneous manifestations. In this article, a systematic approach is presented for the diagnostic management of VKH syndrome, considering relevant diagnostic possibilities to rule out other entities that manifest similar symptoms. CLINICAL CASE: 71-year-old man with a long-standing history of vitiligo, who experienced visual loss in his right eye 6 months before his admission, along with bilateral hearing loss predominantly in the right ear...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explain the associations between different types of uveitis and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, HLA-DR4, and HLA-DRw53. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 390 uveitis cases was conducted among inpatients and outpatients diagnosed at Weifang Eye Hospital from 2013 to 2016. All 390 patients underwent HLA-B27 examination, and an additional 40 patients underwent examination for HLA-DR4 and HLA-DRw53. Gender, age, corrected visual acuity (CVA), and recurrence frequency were statistically analyzed based on the onset site and etiology classification...

Patients using immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can develop ocular immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Nivolumab (Opdivo® ;Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA) is a commonly used ICI used to treat malignancies. A 75-year-old woman presented to our eye clinic with sudden loss in vision in the right eye. She had started nivolumab monotherapy 10 days before the onset of symptoms for the treatment of melanoma. Examination showed low visual acuity (20/170) in the right eye with few reactive cells and macular oedema and swelling in the anterior and posterior segments, respectively...

PURPOSE: Circulating exosomes regulate immune responses and induce immune tolerance in immune-mediated diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, in T-cell responses. METHODS: The sEVs were isolated from the plasma of healthy controls, patients with VKH, and other uveitis patients. The effects of autologous and allogeneic sEVs on the proliferation of circulating CD4+ T cells were evaluated...

PURPOSE: Posterior uveitis is a common chorioretinal pathology affecting all ages worldwide and is a frequent reason for referral to the retina clinic. The spectrum of etiologies for uveitis is very broad and includes infectious and auto-immune diseases. Inflammation can be confined to the eye or may be a part of systemic disease. A useful outline is therefore proposed to aid in the correct diagnosis of these challenging entities. The situation is further complicated by the fact that many neoplastic conditions resemble features of posterior uveitis; they are known as "masqueraders of uveitis"...

Meningeal lesions can be caused by various conditions and pose diagnostic challenges. The authors review the anatomy of the meninges in the brain and spinal cord to provide a better understanding of the localization and extension of these diseases and summarize the clinical and imaging features of various conditions that cause dural and/or leptomeningeal enhancing lesions. These conditions include infectious meningitis (bacterial, tuberculous, viral, and fungal), autoimmune diseases (vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, autoimmune meningoencephalitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, neuro-Behçet syndrome, Susac syndrome, and sarcoidosis), primary and secondary tumors (meningioma, diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor, melanocytic tumors, and lymphoma), tumorlike diseases (histiocytosis and immunoglobulin G4-related diseases), medication-induced diseases (immune-related adverse effects and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome), and other conditions (spontaneous intracranial hypotension, amyloidosis, and moyamoya disease)...