Ladder polymer

SDS capillary gel electrophoresis is a widely used in the biopharma and the biomedical fields for rapid size separation of proteins. However, very limited information is available on the use of dilute and ultra-dilute sieving matrices for SDS-protein analysis. Here, background electrolytes (BGEs) containing 1%-0% dextran were used in borate-based BGE to separate a protein sizing ladder (PSL) ≤225 kDa and the intact and subunit forms of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb). The separation performance for the PSL and mAb components differed significantly with decreasing dextran concentration...

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are a rapidly advancing technology that plays a crucial role in the development of next-generation bioelectronic devices. Recent advances in p-type/n-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) have enabled power-efficient complementary OECT technologies for various applications, such as chemical/biological sensing, large-scale logic gates, and neuromorphic computing. However, ensuring long-term operational stability remains a significant challenge that hinders their widespread adoption...

Ladder-type structures can impart exceptional stability to polymeric electronic materials. This article introduces a new class of conductive polymers featuring a fully ladder-type backbone. A judicious molecular design strategy enables the synthesis of a low-defect ladder polymer, which can be efficiently oxidized and acid-doped to achieve its conductive state. The structural elucidation of this polymer and the characterization of its open-shell nature are facilitated with the assistance of studies on small molecular models...

The well-known phenomenon of phase separation in synthetic polymers and proteins has become a major topic in biophysics because it has been invoked as a mechanism of compartment formation in cells, without the need for membranes. Most of the coacervates (or condensates) are composed of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) or regions that are structureless, often in interaction with RNA and DNA. One of the more intriguing IDPs is the 526-residue RNA-binding protein, Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), whose monomer conformations and condensates exhibit unusual behavior that are sensitive to solution conditions...

In this study, a series of ladder-like polysiloxanes are synthesized by introducing double-chain Si-O-Si polymer as the backbone and the carbazole and triphenylphosphine oxide with high triplet energy as side groups. The ladder-like structures of polysiloxanes are achieved through a controlled polymerization method that involves the monomer self-assembly and subsequent surface-restricted solid-phase in-situ condensation through freeze-drying. The introduction of siloxane improves thermal stability of the polymers and inhibits the conjugation of the polymers between the side groups, leading to an increase in the triplet energy level...

Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs), composed of multiple strands of linear conjugated polymers with extended in-plane π-conjugation, are emerging crystalline semiconducting polymers for organic (opto)electronics. They are represented by two-dimensional π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks, which typically suffer from poor π-conjugation and thus low charge carrier mobilities. Here we overcome this limitation by demonstrating two semiconducting phthalocyanine-based poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline)-ladder-type 2DCPs (2DCP-MPc, with M = Cu or Ni), which are constructed from octaaminophthalocyaninato metal(II) and naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride by polycondensation under solvothermal conditions...

Conjugated polymers (CPs) have recently gained increasing attention as photocatalysts for sunlight-driven hydrogen evolution. However, they suffer from insufficient electron output sites and poor solubility in organic solvents, severely limiting their photocatalytic performance and applicability. Herein, solution-processable all-acceptor (A1 -A2 )-type CPs based on sulfide-oxidized ladder-type heteroarene are synthesized. A1 -A2 -type CPs showed upsurging efficiency improvements by two to three orders of magnitude, compared to their donor-acceptor -type CP counterparts...

As the initially discovered allotrope of boron, amorphous elementary boron (AE-B) has been reported for more than two centuries. Several possible structures of AE-B have been proposed during the past decades. Due to its noncrystalline nature, however, the structure of AE-B has not yet been determined. We notice that AE-B can be dissolved in organic solvents, although the solubility is very low. After surface adsorption from solution, the individual or the self-assembled structure of AE-B molecules can be characterized at the single-molecule or nanoscopic level, which may be helpful to reveal the molecular structure of AE-B...

The sensing of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solution is closely related to environmental sustainability and human health. In this study, a novel Cd(II) coordination polymer (Cd-HCIA-1) was designed and prepared, and its crystal structure, luminescence performance, detection of nitro pollutants in water, and fluorescence quenching mechanisms were studied. Cd-HCIA-1 exhibited a one-dimensional ladder-like chain based on a T-shape ligand of 5-((4-carboxybenzyl) oxy) isophthalic acid (5-H3 CIA). The H-bonds and π-π stacking interactions were then used to construct the supramolecular skeleton in common...

Terminal acceptor atoms and side-chain functionalization play a vital role in the construction of efficient nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) for AM1.5G/indoor organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications. In this work, we report three dithienosilicon-bridged carbazole-based (DTSiC) ladder-type (A-DD'D-A) NF-SMAs for AM1.5G/indoor OPVs. First, we synthesize DTSiC-4F and DTSiC-2M, which are composed of a fused DTSiC-based central core with difluorinated 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (2F-IC) and methylated IC (M-IC) end groups, respectively...

We suggest a new method for postsynthesis modification of silicones containing silanol groups. It was found that trimethylborate is an effective catalyst for dehydrative condensation of silanol groups with the formation of ladder-like blocks. The utility of this approach was demonstrated on postsynthesis modification of poly-( block poly(dimethylsiloxane)- block ladder-like poly(phenylsiloxane)) and poly-( block poly((3,3',3″-trifluoropropyl-methyl)siloxane)- block ladder-like poly(phenylsiloxane) with a combination of linear and ladder-like blocks having silanol groups...

Thermoresponsive molecular structure based on a disilane-bridged bis(pyridine) ligand and CuI is reported. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that there are two polymorphs in the Cu(I) complex: octanuclear copper(I) complex at 20 °C and 1D staircase copper(I) polymer complex at -196 °C. The formation of these polymorphs is due to the flexibility of ligand. Cu-I bond formation is observed upon cooling the sample from -10 °C to -170 °C. The temperature-induced phase transition progression was clarified by DSC, VT-PXRD, and VT-photoluminescence measurements and indicated a reversible temperature-controlled crystal-to-crystal phase transition...

Two concomitant pseudopolymorph coordination polymers {[Cd2 L2 (OAc)4 ]·2DMSO} n ( 1 ) and {[CdL(OAc)2 ]·2.75H2 O} n ( 2 ) were synthesized by self-assembly of 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene ( L ) and cadmium acetate in DMSO. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed that 1D ladder structural motifs exist for pseudopolymorphs 1 and 2 which contain DMSO and water guest molecules, respectively. Our study illustrated the active role of solvent water content in obtaining compound 2 . We find that the presence of water as an impurity in the DMSO solvent creates the possibility of formation of concomitant pseudopolymorph coordination polymers which is a unique event...

Thermoelectric energy harvesters based on p- and n-type organic semiconductors are in high demand, while the air stability of n-type devices has long been a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that supramolecular salt-functionalized n-doped ladder-type conducting polymers exhibit excellent stability in the presence of dry air.

The well known phenomenon of phase separation in synthetic polymers and proteins has become a major topic in biophysics because it has been invoked as a mechanism of compartment formation in cells, without the need for membranes. Most of the coacervates (or condensates) are composed of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) or regions that are structureless, often in interaction with RNA and DNA. One of the more intriguing IDPs is the 526 residue RNA binding protein, Fused In Sarcoma (FUS), whose monomer conformations and condensates exhibit unusual behavior that are sensitive to solution conditions...

Halide-bridged polymers have gained significant interest due to their diverse properties and potential applications. Stacked Cu2 L2 X4 dimers, where L is an organic ligand and X can be Cl- or Br- , are of interest because a chloride analogue where L = 2-pyridone, had previously been reported to exhibit bulk ferromagnetism, which augured great potentiality for this class of compounds. The synthesis, structural characterization, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and computational studies of two isostructural CuClMI (MI = methylisothiazolinone) and CuBrMI polymers of Cu(II), along with a related CuClPYR (PYR = 2-pyridone) is reported...

Fully π-conjugated ladder polymers with a spiral geometry represent a new class of helical polymers with great potential for organic nanodevices, but there is no precedent for an optically-active helical ladder polymer totally composed of achiral units. We now report the defect-free synthesis and resolution of a fully π-conjugated helical ladder polymer with a rigid helical cavity, which has been achieved by quantitative and chemoselective acid-promoted alkyne benzannulations of a rationally designed, random-coil achiral polymer followed by chromatographic enantioseparation...

In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanosheets with unimolecular thickness were successfully synthesized by cross-linking polymerization in the 2D nanospaces of a metal-organic framework. In contrast to 1D and 3D analogues, crystallization could be inhibited by the topological constraint of the ultrathin 2D network structure, allowing for an efficient thermal transformation reaction of PAN. The amorphous nature of the PAN nanosheets led to an increase in the access of oxygen molecules to the polymer chains, facilitating the thermal dehydroaromatization reactions to yield a ladder polymer structure with a highly extended conjugated system...

In the existing leanings of environmental and national security issues, establishment of appropriate sensors for explosive as well as pollutant nitroaromatic compounds may be considered as one of the most prodigious job for material researchers. In the current study a new Cd(II) based 1D ladder coordination polymer (CP), [Cd(4-bpd)(3-cbn)2 ]n , has been synthesized and well characterized through single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Interestingly, the supramolecular assembly of this compound has efficiently identified 2,4,6-trinitrophenol through fluorescence quenching method...

Defect-free one-handed contracted helical tubular ladder polymers with a π-electron-rich cylindrical helical cavity were synthesized by alkyne benzannulations of the random-coil precursor polymers containing 6,6´-linked-1,1´-spirobiindane-7,7´-diol-based chiral monomer units. The resulting tightly-twisted helical tubular ladder polymers showed remarkably high enantioseparation abilities toward a variety of chiral hydrophobic aromatics with point, axial, and planar chiralities. The random-coil precursor polymer and analogous rigid-rod extended helical ribbon-like ladder polymer with no internal helical cavity exhibited no resolution abilities...