Brain metastasis lung cancer

BACKGROUND: To examine the trends in morbidity and mortality among ovarian cancer patients with liver metastases, and investigate the impact of different treatments on both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). METHODS: 2,925 ovarian cancer patients with liver metastases from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 2010-2019 were included. The primary endpoint was considered as OS and CSS. We conducted trend analysis of the incidence, OS and CSS rates of liver metastases in ovarian cancer...

INTRODUCTION: Gastric outlet obstruction presents with a range of symptoms which include abdominal pain, early satiety, weight loss and vomiting caused obstruction secondary to tumors from outside the gastrointestinal tract or due to motility disorders. Bladder cancer is rarely associated with Gastric outlet obstruction. It usually presents with painless hematuria and urinary symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma is a subtype of bladder malignancies that tends to present at a later stage and is associated with poorer prognosis in terms of metastasis and survival...

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated that brain metastases patients may benefit from intracranial radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, it is unclear whether this treatment is effective for patients with small cell lung cancer brain metastases (SCLC-BMs). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study by analyzing medical records of patients with SCLC-BMs from January 1, 2017 to June 1, 2022. Data related to median overall survival (mOS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), and intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) were analyzed...

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly prevalent and lethal form of lung cancer, comprising approximately half of all cases. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages with brain metastasis (BM), resulting in high mortality rates. Current BM management involves complex interventions and conventional therapies that offer limited survival benefits with neurotoxic side effects. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system where cancer cells interact with various elements, significantly influencing tumor behavior...

BACKGROUND: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly invasive with poor prognosis, and its treatment has historically been hindered due to the absence of targetable driver genomic alterations. However, the high genomic instability and replication stress in SCLC have made poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) inhibitors a focus of research. Pamiparib is an orally available PARP1/2 inhibitor with high selectivity, strong PARP trapping activity, and excellent brain penetration. Utilizing pamiparib as consolidation maintenance therapy in limited-stage SCLC holds promise for improving survival outcomes and offering a viable therapeutic approach...

BACKGROUND: Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We previously showed that low HERC5 expression predicts early tumor dissemination and a dismal prognosis in NSCLC patients. Here, we performed functional studies to unravel the mechanism underlying the "metastasis-suppressor" effect of HERC5, with a focus on mitochondrial metabolism pathways. METHODS: We assessed cell proliferation, colony formation potential, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and wound healing in NSCLC cell line models with HERC5 overexpression (OE) or knockout (KO)...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of six machine learning models based on PET/CT radiomics combined with EGFR in predicting brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Retrospectively collected 204 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent PET/CT examination and EGFR gene detection before treatment from Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University in 2020. Using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis to find the independent risk factors for brain metastasis...

PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) plus systemic therapy (ST) with RT alone in patients with simple brain metastasis (BM) after first-line treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). METHODS: The patients were treated at a single center from January 2011 to January 2022. BM only without metastases to other organs was defined as simple BM. The eligible patients were divided into RT alone (monotherapy arm) and RT plus ST (combined therapy arm)...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To explore and externally validate habitat-based radiomics for preoperative prediction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in exon 19 and 21 from MRI imaging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-originated brain metastasis (BM). METHODS: A total of 170, 62 and 61 patients from center 1, center 2 and center 3, respectively were included. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1CE) and T2-weighted (T2W) MRI scans...

Brain metastasis (BMs) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a very poor prognosis. This study combined WGCNA with the mfuzz algorithm to identify potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood of patients with BMs. By comparing the significantly differentially expressed genes present in BMs samples, we identified ADCY4 as a target for further study. Expression of ADCY4 was used to cluster mfuzz expression pattern, and 28 hub genes for functional enrichment. PPI network analysis were obtained by comparing with differentially expressed genes in BMs...

Accurate diagnoses are crucial in determining the most effective treatment across different cancers. In challenging cases, morphology-based traditional pathology methods have important limitations, while molecular profiling can provide valuable information to guide clinical decisions. We present a 35-year female with lung cancer with choriocarcinoma features. Her disease involved the right lower lung, brain, and thoracic lymph nodes. The pathology from brain metastasis was reported as "metastatic choriocarcinoma" (a germ cell tumor) by local pathologists...

Brain metastasis (BM) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, limited treatments are available due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Upregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) in NSCLC has been found to promote BM. Conversely, downregulating LPCAT1 significantly suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. In this study, we firstly confirmed significant upregulation of LPCAT1 in BM sites compared to primary lung cancer by analyzing scRNA dataset...

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is part of standard care in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) at present. As evidence from retrospective studies increases, the benefits of PCI for limited-stage SCLC are being challenged. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study was designed. The key inclusion criteria were: histologically or cytologically confirmed small cell carcinoma, age ≥ 18 years, KPS ≥ 80, limited-stage is defined as tumor confined to one side of the chest including ipsilateral hilar, bilateral mediastinum and supraclavicular lymph nodes, patients have received definitive thoracic radiotherapy (regardless of the dose-fractionation of radiotherapy used) and chemotherapy, evaluated as complete remission (CR) of tumor 4-6 weeks after the completion of chemo-radiotherapy...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article aims to comprehensively review and critique the existing literature on the role of metastatic-directed therapy in patients with metastatic bladder cancer, particularly in oligometastatic disease state. RECENT FINDINGS: The role of metastasectomy in metastatic bladder cancer is still controversial. Several studies have demonstrated improved outcomes, particularly in a highly selected patients with small metastatic lesions or with lung or brain metastases, whereas others show no significant survival benefit...

Pulmonary atypical carcinoid (AC) is an extremely rare neuroendocrine tumor. The neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions are reported in only 0.5% of nonsmall cell lung cancer, and are more rare in AC with only one previously reported case. Currently, there is little established evidence on the optimal therapeutic strategies and prognosis for advanced cases. We present a female patient with metastatic AC after complete resection. Due to low expression of somatostatin receptor in this case, somatostatin analogs and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy were not available...

The role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) has been questioned in the era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the efficacy of PCI in patients with LS-SCLC. Three electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from January 2012 to April 2022. All relevant publications were included based on the inclusion criteria, and survival data and brain metastasis (BM) rates were extracted and pooled...

CONTEXT: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) often exhibits aggressive growth with distant organ metastasis, leading to poor survival. OBJECTIVE: The question of whether primary tumor resection (PTR) is beneficial for patients with metastatic MTC remains a subject of debate. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of organ-specific metastases and the number of metastatic organs in these patients, and we also conducted an analysis to determine the therapeutic value of PTR in managing this rare malignancy...

BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis (BM) is common among cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is the leading cause of death for these patients. Mesothelin (MSLN), a tumor-associated antigen expressed in many solid tumors, has been reported to be involved in the progression of multiple tumors. However, its potential involvement in BM of NSCLC and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. METHODS: The expression of MSLN was validated in clinical tissue and serum samples using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...

BACKGROUND: In the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a disease-free survival (DFS) of 5 years is a criterion for cure. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with brain metastases of NSCLC after a DFS of 5 years (late recurrent brain metastasis, LRBM). METHODS: We reviewed 1,281 consecutive patients with brain metastasis of lung cancer at a single institute between November 2014 and December 2022. Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed...

BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis (BM) is common in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and has a poor prognosis, necessitating predictive biomarkers. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) promote cancer cell growth, infiltration, and metastasis. However, the relationship between the miRNA expression profiles and BM occurrence in patients with LUAD remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted an analysis to identify miRNAs in tissue samples that exhibited different expression levels between patients with and without BM...