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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of oral theophylline on stent-related syndrome (SRS) after Double-J insertion. BACKGROUND: Double-J stent is widely using in many urological procedures. Infection, hematuria, and discomfort are some of common complication after stenting. Theophylline is a dimethylated xanthine that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. To relaxing effect of theophylline on smooth muscles and its effects on the urinary system, it seems it could reduce complications after inserting Double-J stent especially ureteral stent syndrome...

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are ubiquitous in the environment, and all of them can cause neurotoxicity. However, the association between BTEX exposure and dyslexia, a disorder with language network-related regions in left hemisphere affected, remains unclear. We aimed to assess the relationship between BTEX exposure and dyslexic odds among school-aged children. A case-control study, including 355 dyslexics and 390 controls from three cities in China, was conducted. Six BTEX metabolites were measured in their urine samples...

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) control the toxic effects of aflatoxins, which are not yet fully understood. Radiolabeled aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 3 H) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats fed with aflatoxin (AflDiet) and aflatoxin supplemented with active dehydrated yeast Y904 (AflDiet + Yeast). The distribution of AFB1 3 H and its metabolites were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h by tracking back of the radioactivity. No significant differences were observed between the AflDiet and AflDiet + Yeast groups in terms of the distribution of labeled aflatoxin...

INTRODUCTION: Opinions differ on what drugs have both a rationale and a development potential for the treatment of bladder storage dysfunction. AREAS COVERED: In the present review, the focus is given to small molecule blockers of TRP channels (TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, and TRPM8), P2×3receptor antagonists, drugs against oxidative stress, antifibrosis agents, cyclic nucleotide - dependent pathways, and MaxiK±channel - gene therapy. EXPERT OPINION: TRPV1 channel blockers produce hypothermia which seems to be a problem even with the most efficacious second-generation TRPV1 antagonists...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is regarded as a useful biomarker for rapid medical diagnosis of various disorders mainly related to the kidneys and liver. Hence, it is crucial to identify and monitor the HSA level in complex biofluids (urine and blood samples) using a simple approach. Herein, we have designed and synthesized an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) based environment-sensitive fluorescent molecular probe, ( E )-2-(3-(2-(5-methoxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)vinyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile (DCI-MIN), that can selectively interact with HSA in PBS buffer solution and exhibit a ∼78-fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity with a significant Stokes shift (∼126 nm), which is important to avoid interference from the excitation light...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a scarcity of data stemming from large-scale epidemiological longitudinal studies focusing on potentially preventable and controllable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD). This study aimed to examine the effect of multiple metabolic factors and cardiovascular disorders on the risk of cognitive decline and AD/ADRD. METHODS: We analyzed a cohort of 6,440 participants aged 45-84 years at baseline...

Objectives: Video capillaroscopy is a diagnostic method for evaluating microvascular changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated microvascular changes, including microvascular architecture, capillary distribution (morphology and density), and angiogenesis conditions in T2DM patients via video capillaroscopy. Methods: A total of 256 patients with T2DM enrolled in this study. Based on electromyography (EMG)-nerve conduction velocity results, patients were divided into patients with normal and abnormal EMG...

PURPOSE: Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Donor-specific urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) hold potential as biomarkers for assessing allograft status. We aimed to develop a method for identifying donor-specific uEVs based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching with the kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Urine and plasma were obtained from HLA-A2+ donors and HLA-A2- KTRs pre-transplant...

BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, resulting from non-primary maternal infection or reactivation during pregnancy, can cause serious fetal abnormalities, complications in the immediate neonatal period, and severe sequelae later in childhood. Maternal non-primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy is transmitted to the fetus in 0.5-2% of cases (1). CASE PRESENTATION: An African full term male newbornwas delivered by emergency caesarean section...

BACKGROUND: On December 7, 2022, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of China's State Council released the "Ten New Guidelines" to optimize the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention policies further. This signaled a broader shift from "dynamic clearing" to "coexisting with the virus" nationwide. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the experiences and perspectives of interdisciplinary nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in China after the implementation of the "Ten New Guidelines"...

BACKGROUND: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. AIM: To investigate the impact of sodium-glucose 2 co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT-2i) on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Romanian patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 200 Romanian patients with T2DM who were being treated with SGLT-2i, either Dapagliflozin or Empagliflozin...

BACKGROUND: Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNETs) are often discovered on screening colonoscopy. Indications for staging and definitive resection are inconsistent in current guidelines. We evaluated the role of grade in guiding staging and procedural decision-making. METHODS: Patients with biopsy confirmed RNETs between 2004 and 2015 were reviewed. Baseline characteristics, staging investigations (biochemical and imaging), and endoscopic/surgical treatment were recorded...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of urine cyclic RNA-0071196 (circRNA-0071196) in the patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC). METHOD: The expression of circRNA-0071196 was detected in the urine samples using qRT-PCR from 40 BUC patients and 30 non-UBC patients at our department from December 2018 to September 2021. The expression difference of circRNA-0071196 was compared between the two groups, and the relationship between the expression of circRNA-0071196 in the urine of UBC patients and the clinical pathological characteristics was analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Evidence of associations between prenatal cannabis use (PCU) and maternal and infant health outcomes remains conflicting amid broad legalization of cannabis across Canada and 40 American states. A critical limitation of existing evidence lies in the non-standardized and crude measurement of prenatal cannabis use (PCU), resulting in high risk of misclassification bias. We developed a standardized tool to comprehensively measure prenatal cannabis use in pregnant populations for research purposes...

BACKGROUND: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are common causes of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We determined prevalence and 30-day mortality due to histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and TB in PLHIV with advanced HIV disease (AHD). METHODS: PLHIV 18 years and older, with a CD4 + T-cell count of less than 350 cells/mm3 newly diagnosed with HIV infection or re-engaged in care after being without ART for more than 90 days (Group A). The second group included symptomatic PLHIV regardless of ART status or CD4 + T-cell count (Group B); all followed for 30 days...

The emerging monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concern, thereby highlighting the need for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use diagnostics. Here, we develop a single-step CRISPR-based diagnostic platform, termed SCOPE (Streamlined CRISPR On Pod Evaluation platform), for field-deployable ultrasensitive detection of MPXV in resource-limited settings. The viral nucleic acids are rapidly released from the rash fluid swab, oral swab, saliva, and urine samples in 2 min via a streamlined viral lysis protocol, followed by a 10-min single-step recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas13a reaction...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The European, prospective, multicenter SATURN registry was developed to analyze surgical devices for male stress urinary incontinence. The primary objective is the cure rate during follow-up. METHODS: Efficacy, complications, patient-reported outcomes, and prognostic factors are being analyzed at various intervals during 10-yr follow-up. The results at 1-yr follow-up are presented here. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: The cohort included 1046 patients (mean age 70 yr) from 28 centers in nine countries...

Gout affects 15%-30% of individuals with advanced kidney disease. Allopurinol which is rapidly and extensively metabolised to an active metabolite, oxypurinol, is the most commonly prescribed urate-lowering therapy. Oxypurinol is almost entirely eliminated by the kidneys (>95%) and has an elimination half-life of 18-30 h in those with normal kidney function. However, oxypurinol pharmacokinetics are poorly understood in individuals with kidney failure on peritoneal dialysis. This study characterised the elimination of oxypurinol and urate in people with gout receiving peritoneal dialysis...

Introduction In critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), a positive fluid balance (FB) is associated with adverse outcomes. However, current FB management practices in CRRT patients are poorly understood. We aimed to study FB and its components in British and Australian CRRT patients to inform future trials. Methods We obtained detailed electronic health record data on all fluid-related variables during CRRT and hourly FB for the first seven days of treatment. Results We studied 1,616 patients from three tertiary ICUs in two countries...

Purpose To assess the feasibility of sparing routine antibiotic prophylaxis in patients without preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) undergoing a ureterorenoscopy (URS) for stone removal. Patients and Methods A retrospective, monocentric study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of a modified perioperative antibiotic management strategy according to the principles of antibiotic stewardship (ABS). Patients with preoperative unremarkable urine culture received no antibiotic prophylaxis for ureterorenoscopic stone removal (NoPAP)...