Is Inflammatory bowel disease reversible

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Infections are a safety concern in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Etrasimod is an oral, once-daily (QD), selective sphingosine 1phosphate (S1P)1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active UC. It leads to selective and reversible lymphocyte sequestration, and partial peripheral lymphocyte count decrease. We report infection events from the phase 3 ELEVATE program. METHODS: Proportions, incidence rates (IRs; per 100 patient-years) and descriptive analyses of all, serious, severe, herpes zoster, and opportunistic infections are reported in the Pivotal UC cohort (ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12)...

Introduction: Prior observational studies have suggested an association between circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study sought to demonstrate the directionality of the association between circulating VEGF and particular forms of IBD as well as if there is a causal relationship between them. Methods: We collected summary data from relevant genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to assess the validity of causality, and a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study and sensitivity testing were performed to assess the causal relationship between circulating VEGF and IBD risk, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression is higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population. Inflammatory cytokines and the kynurenine pathway (KP) play important roles in IBD and associated depression. Aripiprazole (ARP), an atypical antipsychotic, shows various anti-inflammatory properties and may be useful in treating major depressive disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ARP on TNBS-induced colitis and subsequent depression in rats, highlighting the role of the KP...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of inflammatory bowel condition characterized by inflammation within the mucous membrane, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and pain experienced in the abdominal region. Existing medications for UC have limited treatment efficacy and primarily focus on symptom relief. Limonium bicolor (LB), an aquatic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exerts multi-targeted therapeutic effects with few side effects and is used to treat anemia and hemostasis. Nevertheless, the impact of LB on UC and its mechanism of action remain unclear...

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named "apo" lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed...

BACKGROUND: Gender differences existed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Observational studies have revealed associations between sex hormones and IBD, such as estrogen and testosterone. However, the exact relationship between these sex hormones and IBD is unclear. METHOD: Based on the genome-wide association studies data of eight sex hormones, two sex hormone receptors, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total IBD and its two subtypes, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to analyze their mutual relationship...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Previous observational studies have established a connection between bronchiectasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but none of these studies have provided a clear explanation for the underlying cause of this relationship. The present study thus implemented Mendelian randomization (MR) design to explore possible bidirectional relationships between IBD and bronchiectasis risk, with an additional focus on Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) as IBD subtypes...

The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of steroids allow their use in a wide variety of rheumatological diseases, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer therapy, and severe viral infections. Though life-saving or organ-saving, long-term clinical use leads to a vast array of complications. Osteoporosis is the most common orthopedic side effect of steroid abuse, while osteonecrosis is a rare occurrence. The risk of osteonecrosis appears to be dose and duration dependent, but several patient factors also play a major role and usually affect the femoral head followed by the knee joint...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an inflammatory response closely related to the immune system, but the relationship between inflammation and IBD remains unclear. We performed a comprehensive 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and IBD. Using publicly available genetic data, we explored the relationship between 731 immune cell characteristics and IBD risk. Inverse-variance weighting was the primary analytical method...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that affects the entire digestive tract. IBD can be classified as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The key symptoms of IBD include the emergence of abscesses or pustules, pronounced abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, fistulas, and intestinal narrowing, all of which can greatly affect a patient's daily well-being. Several factors, including bacterial infections, immune response irregularities, and changes in the intestinal milieu, can contribute to the onset of IBD...

Takayasu arteritis (TA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are two distinct diseases; however, previous studies have reported many cases of IBD-TA coexistence. Additionally, the incidence of IBD in patients with TA is estimated to be significantly higher than the incidence in the general population. Therefore, the two diseases are anticipated to be linked. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis assesses whether an exposure might causally affect an outcome by using genetic variants inherited randomly at conception, thereby reducing the impact of confounding and reverse causality...

The epithelium is a dynamic barrier and the damage to this epithelial layer governs a variety of complex mechanisms involving not only epithelial cells but all resident tissue constituents, including immune and stroma cells. Traditionally, diseases characterized by a damaged epithelium have been considered "immunological diseases," and research efforts aimed at preventing and treating these diseases have primarily focused on immuno-centric therapeutic strategies, that often fail to halt or reverse the natural progression of the disease...

Background: Thromboembolic disease is associated with a high rate of disability or death and gravely jeopardizes people's health and places considerable financial pressure on society. The primary treatment for thromboembolic illness is anticoagulant medication. Fondaparinux, a parenteral anticoagulant medicine, is still used but is confusing due to its disparate domestic and international indications and lack of knowledge about its usage. Its off-label drug usage in therapeutic settings and irrational drug use are also common...

AIM: Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) following total abdominal colectomy (TAC) allows for resortation of bowel continuity but prior studies have reported rates of anastomotic leak (AL) to be as high as 23%. We aimed to report rates of AL and complications in a large cohort of patients undergoing IRA. We hypothesized that AL rates were lower than previously reported and that selective use of diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) is associated with decreased AL rates. METHOD: Patients undergoing TAC or end-ileostomy reversal with IRA, with or without DLI, between 1980 and 2021 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database and retrospectively analysed...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases is increasing, especially in developing countries, with adoption of Western-style diet. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two emulsifiers including lecithin and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the gut microbiota, intestinal inflammation and the potential of inulin as a means to protect against the harmful effects of emulsifiers. METHODS: In this study, male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into five groups (n:6/group) (control, CMC, lecithin, CMC+inulin, and lecithin+inulin)...

INTRODUCTION: The small molecule and oral selective and reversible Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor upadacitinib has been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe active Crohn's disease (CD) in adult patients since April 2023 by EMA/FDA. AREAS COVERED: The approval is based on the two induction studies a maintenance study showing that upadacitinib induction and maintenance therapy was superior to placebo. The approval of upadacitinib in CD expands the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)...

Inert naive CD4+ T (TN ) cells differentiate into functional T helper (Th) or regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets upon encountering antigens, mediating properly directed immune responses. Although all TN cells can differentiate into any of the Th and Treg cell subsets, heterogeneity exists among TN cells. By constructing reporter mice to detect ongoing T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, we identify that interleukin (IL)-1β signaling affects TN cell characteristics, independent of tonic TCR signaling, which also alters TN cell phenotypes...

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. To date, no definite cure for this disease is available. Objective: The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of Calliandra haematocephala on inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers for the exploration of its anti-ulcerative colitis activity in rat models of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Methods: Methanolic and n-hexane extracts of areal parts of the plant were prepared by cold extraction method...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly categorized into Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic relapsing gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. IBD patients often experience comorbidities such as anxiety and depression, and the underlying mechanisms and treatment strategies remain areas of investigation. METHODS: We conducted a Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis utilizing brain image derived phenotypes (IDP) from the UK Biobank database to investigate the causal relationships between IBD and alterations in brain structural morphology and connectivity of neural tracts...

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been associated, according to various epidemiological research. This study uses Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal link between T2DM and IBD. Methods: To investigate the causal relationship between IBD and T2DM risk using European population data from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets, we constructed a two-sample MR study to evaluate the genetically predicted impacts of liability towards IBD outcomes on T2DM risk...