Pediatrics metabolic syndrome

Pediatric hypoparathyroidism is an uncommon endocrine disease that can be either isolated or syndromic. It occurs when the secretion of parathormone is insufficient to maintain normal levels of ionized calcium. Patients with hypoparathyroidism can exhibit cerebral calcifications and metabolic disorders, and the severity of such features is inversely correlated with hypocalcemia. We report a case of a 13-year-old patient who was initially diagnosed with epilepsy by another medical team two years before her admission to our hospital and who was subjected to oral valproate therapy...

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the current status of the quality of life (QOL) of pediatric patients and plasma glucose concentration regulation in children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in the Ningxia Hui autonomous region. METHODS: The study involved children with T1DM admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between October 2011 and October 2021. The children and their parents completed general information and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires...

New onset movement disorders are a common clinical problem in pediatric neurology and can be infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, or functional in origin. Encephalitis is one of the more important causes of new onset movement disorders, and movement disorders are a common feature (~25%) of all encephalitis. However, all encephalitides are not the same, and movement disorders are a key diagnostic feature that can help the clinician identify the etiology of the encephalitis, and therefore appropriate treatment is required...

OBJECTIVE: Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS), including West syndrome (WS) and infantile spasm (IS), causes a challenging prognosis, particularly when associated with metabolic etiologies. METHODS: This study, conducted at a tertiary pediatric neurology center, explored the prevalence and clinical features of inborn errors of metabolism in 112 children with IESS over 10 years. RESULTS: Most patients presented with seizures, primarily flexor spasms, and the median age at onset was 5 months...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatic steatosis without heavy alcohol consumption or other chronic conditions, encompasses a spectrum from non-alcoholic fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis leading to cirrhosis. This analysis aimed to investigate the correlation between NAFLD and carotid intimal media thickness (C-IMT), a non-invasive surrogate for atherosclerosis. METHODOLOGY: Database searches, including PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library, yielded studies up to April 2023...

BACKGROUND: Orthostatic intolerance, which includes vasovagal syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, is common in children and adolescents. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels might participate in the pathogenesis of orthostatic intolerance. This study was designed to analyze the plasma metabolomic profile in orthostatic intolerance children with high levels of plasma homocysteine. METHODS: Plasma samples from 34 orthostatic intolerance children with a plasma homocysteine concentration > 9 µmol/L and 10 healthy children were subjected to ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are limited data on cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) outcomes beyond infancy. The goal of this study was to analyze outcomes of infants with CRMS up to the age of 9-10 years using the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR). METHODS: We analyzed data from the CFFPR for individuals with CF and CRMS born between 2010 and 2020. We classified all patients based on the clinical diagnosis reported by the CF care center and the diagnosis using CFF guideline definitions for CF and CRMS, classifying children into groups based on agreement between clinical report and guideline criteria...

OBJECTIVES: Wolfram syndrome is characterised by insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), diabetes insipidus (DI), optic atrophy, sensorineural deafness and neurocognitive disorders. The DIDMOAD acronym has been recently modified to DIDMOAUD suggesting the rising awareness of the prevalence of urinary tract dysfunction (UD). End stage renal disease is the commonest cause of mortality in Wolfram syndrome. We present a case series with main objective of long term follow up in four children having Wolfram syndrome with evaluation of their urodynamic profile...

Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MSS) or conorenal syndrome (CRS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by multiorgan affection, typically presents with a triad of nephronophthisis (NPHP), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and cone-shaped epiphysis (CSE) with varying degrees of severity. A 20-month-old male is experiencing recurrent pneumonia attacks, an elevated serum creatinine level, proteinuria, and high anion gap partially compensated metabolic acidosis were incidentally discovered during one of his hospitalizations...

OBJECTIVES: A connection between thyroid hormones (THs) and diverse metabolic pathways has been reported. We evaluated thyroid function and tissue sensitivity to THs in children and adolescents with T1D in comparison to euthyroid controls. Additionally, we investigate whether a relationship exists between sensitivity indices and metabolic parameters. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 pediatric patients diagnosed with T1D. Clinical parameters, TSH, FT3, FT4, and the presence of MS were documented...

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PURPOSE: The impacts of growth restriction and programming in the fetal stage on metabolic and bone health in children and adolescents are poorly understood. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence for the relationship between current growth status and metabolic components. Herein, we compared the growth status, metabolic and body compositions, and bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents based on birth weight at gestational age. METHODS: We studied 1,748 subjects (272 small for gestational age [SGA], 1,286 appropriate for gestational age [AGA], and 190 large for gestational age [LGA]; 931 men and 817 women) aged 10-18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V (2010-2011)...

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease, primarily affects preterm newborns and occurs after 7 days of life (late-onset NEC, LO-NEC). Unfortunately, over the past several decades, not much progress has been made in its treatment or prevention. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for LO-NEC, and the impact of LO-NEC on short-term outcomes in very preterm infants (VPIs) with a focus on nutrition and different onset times. METHOD: Clinical data of VPIs were retrospectively collected from 28 hospitals in seven different regions of China from September 2019 to December 2020...

Dysostosis multiplex is a major cause of morbidity in Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IH [MPS IH], OMIM #607014) because currently available therapies have limited success in its prevention and reversion. Unfortunately, the elucidation of skeletal pathogenesis in MPS IH is limited by difficulties in obtaining bone specimens from pediatric patients and poor reproducibility in animal models. Thus, the application of experimental systems that can be used to dissect cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the skeletal phenotype of MPS IH patients and to identify effective therapies is highly needed...

BACKGROUND: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is characterized by hepatorenal disease caused by anomalous glycogen storage. It occurs due to variants in the SLC2A2 gene. We present a male patient of 2 years 7 months old, with failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hyperlactatemia. RESULTS: Exome sequencing identified the homozygous pathogenic variant NM_000340.2(SLC2A2):c.1093 C > T (p.Arg365Ter), related with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: MEGDHEL syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, which is characterized by 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness-dystonia, hepatopathy, encephalopathy and Leigh-like syndrome. It is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the SERAC1 gene. Due to the unspecific symptoms and the diverse manifestations of the clinical phenotype, the diagnosis is challenging. Infantile MEGDHEL syndrome often has a severe disease course with acute liver failure...

OBJECTIVES: The genetic causes of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) remain elusive in 95 % of cases. The roundabout receptor-1 gene ( ROBO1 ) plays critical roles in axonal guidance and cell migration. Recently, mutations in the ROBO1 gene have been reported patients with PSIS. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 2.9-year-old boy with PSIS who presented with combined pituitary hormone deficiency, central diabetes insipidus, and the classical triad of MRI findings...

SUMMARY: Dumping syndrome is a rare but potentially serious condition that causes inappropriate postprandial hyperinsulinemia leading to hypoglycemia in children following gastrointestinal surgeries. While dietary modifications are often the first line of treatment, severe cases may require pharmacological intervention to prevent severe hypoglycemia. We present a case of successful treatment of dumping syndrome with diazoxide. A 2-month-old infant with left hypoplastic heart syndrome who underwent single ventricle palliation pathway and developed feeding intolerance that required Nissen fundoplication...

Many additives, some of which have no nutritional value, can be legally used in processed foods. They intensify colour, thicken, increase shelf life and enhance flavour. Regulatory authorities issue approvals as safe within acceptable quantitative limits. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) contain combinations of all these additives and are particularly attractive to children.Many publications suggest that artificial colourants, benzoate preservatives, non-caloric sweeteners, emulsifiers and their degradation derivatives have adverse effects by increasing risks of mental health disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and potential carcinogenic effects...

CONTEXT: The underlying genetic cause of non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) in children is often unknown, hampering both predictive testing of family members and preventive clinical management. OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to investigated the potential heritability in the largest childhood NMTC cohort that has been genotyped to date. DESIGN: Nationwide retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centers...