gastrointestinal surgery how l do it

For some time, it has been clear that elevated glucose is detrimental to the organism. A plethora of medicines have been introduced to reduce the fasting and postprandial glucose levels (including insulin, glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 [GLP-1] agonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitors, among others). Although these medications are useful to reduce tissue exposure to glucose, no single compound and no combination have been able to totally normalize the blood sugar. Thus, it was astonishing when it was reported that surgery of the gastrointestinal tract could not only reduce obesity but also normalize the blood sugar...

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy has become the therapy of choice for achalasia. In the last three years, clinical experience with a novel approach to this disease, Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM), has grown. METHODS: Herein, we describe the technical steps in the POEM procedure. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the method appears to be a safe alternative to standard laparoscopic Heller myotomy, but further assessment is needed to understand long-term outcomes...