Montevideo

The effect of light, main zeitgeber of the circadian system, depends on the time of day it is received. A brief trip to the Antarctic summer (ANT) allowed us to explore the impact of a sudden and synchronized increase in light exposure on activity-rest rhythms and sleep patterns of 11 Uruguayan university students, and to assess the significance of light history in determining individual circadian phase shift. Measurements collected in the peri-equinox in Montevideo, Uruguay (baseline situation, MVD) and in ANT, included sleep logs, actigraphy, and salivary melatonin to determine dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), the most reliable marker of circadian phase...

BACKGROUND: With regard to the origin of its population and microevolutionary processes, Uruguay exhibits distinctive features that distinguish it from other countries in Latin America, while at the same time sharing several similarities. In this article, we will focus on the variability of paternal genetic lineages in two geographical regions with different histories that can be considered as examples of distinct populations for the continent. In general terms, the genetic diversity is a result of different demographic processes related to the American conquest and colonisation...

In May 2020, the Direction de santé publique du CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale (DSPu) received a report from the Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec of a cluster of three cases of Salmonella enterica enterica, serogroup C1, serotype Montevideo. The epidemiological investigation identified a total of 67 cases between January 1st , 2020, and August 13th , 2021, 66% of which were directly linked to a restaurant in the area. The Salmonella strains from most of these cases were found to be identical by whole genome sequencing (cluster code 2005MontWGS-1QC)...

Microflora and contents of biogenic amines/polyamines and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) in 99 samples of bovine offal (red offal, n = 41 and other offal and mixes, n = 45) and wild game meat ( n = 13) for raw meat-based diets (RMBD) for dogs were analyzed. Samples were bought in 11 local pet food shops and in one game-handling establishment in Austria (Lower Austria, Styria, and Vienna) in September and October 2022. Median contents (first and third quartiles in brackets) of cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine were 20...

The fruit and vegetable juice industry has shown a growing trend in minimally processed juices. A frequent technology used in the production of functional juices is cold pressure, which refers to the application of high pressure processing (HPP) at low temperatures to inactivate foodborne pathogens. HPP juice manufacturers are required to demonstrate a 5-log reduction of the pertinent microorganism to comply with FDA Juice HACCP. However, there is no consensus on validation study approaches for bacterial strain selection or their preparation...

Numerous studies have characterised the establishments registered with meal delivery apps (MDA) in several countries. However, little evidence is available regarding these platforms in Latin America (LA). The purpose of this study is to characterise food establishments registered with an MDA in nine LA cities. The establishments ( n 3339) were characterised by the following keyword groups: 'Typical cuisine', 'Meat and fish', 'Snacks', 'Breakfast', 'Desserts' and 'Healthy'. In addition, we identified the marketing strategies present in the establishments' advertisements: photos, discounts and free delivery...

Systemic candidiasis are high mortality infections caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, affecting patients with numerous risk factors. Nowadays, candidemia produced by "non-albicans" species has increased considerably. Timely diagnosis and subsequent treatment substantially improve patients' survival. Our objectives are to study the frequency, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of candidemia isolates in our hospital. We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Positive blood cultures were recorded from January 2018 to December 2021...

Salmonellosis remains a major foodborne disease threat to public health worldwide. Swine are considered a reservoir for many Salmonella serotypes affecting humans; however, not all serotypes of concern in food animal products cause clinical signs of infection in swine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence and distribution of Salmonella spp. in finishing pigs at commercial farms across Kansas (USA). Five farms were selected and sampled when pigs weighed between 125-136 kilograms. Samples were collected and transported to the laboratory for processing following USDA-FSIS guidelines...

This study was conducted to compare the effects of ultraviolet light (UV), chemical sanitizers, and heat treatments on Salmonella inactivation and preservation of almond quality. Whole, skinless, and sliced almonds, representing different shape and surface topography, were inoculated with a Salmonella cocktail consisting of S. Montevideo, S. Newport, S. Typhimurium, S. Heidelberg, and S. Enteritidis. Inoculated almonds (50 g) were treated by UV (30 mW/cm2 , 30 or 60 min), 75 °C heat (up to 150 min), and chemical sanitizers (3 % hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and 1 % cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 30 or 60 min) alone or in combinations...

Normal labor and delivery are dependent on the presence of regular and effective contractions of the uterine myometrium. The mechanisms responsible for the initiation and maintenance of adequate and synchronized uterine activity that are necessary for labor and delivery result from a complex interplay of hormonal, mechanical, and electrical factors that have not yet been fully elucidated. Monitoring uterine activity during term labor and in suspected preterm labor is an important component of obstetrical care because cases of inadequate and excessive uterine activity can be associated with substantial maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality...

PURPOSE: The benefits of a healthy diet on children´s cognition have been described in several studies. However, many previous studies have analyzed the effect on general cognitive domains (e.g. intelligence), used measures based almost exclusively on local examinations, and rarely consider social context. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between two diet patterns and contextualized cognitive performance measures of children aged 6-8 years from low-average income neighborhoods in Montevideo, Uruguay...

Blood lead levels (BLLs) have been decreasing worldwide for decades. However, systematic reviews and quantitative syntheses of BLLs in electronic waste (e-waste)-exposed children are lacking. To summarize temporal trend of BLLs among children in e-waste-recycling areas. Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and included participants from six countries. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Results showed that among e-waste-exposed children, the total geometric mean (GM) BLL was 7...

Children's developing brains are susceptible to pesticides. Less is known about the effect of exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids on executive functions (EF). We measured urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos, and urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a general, nonspecific metabolite of pyrethroids in first-grade children from Montevideo, Uruguay ( n = 241, age 80.6 ± 6.4 months, 58.1% boys). EFs were assessed with the Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional shift (IED), Spatial Span (SSP), and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated (CANTAB) Battery...

INTRODUCTION: Salmonellosis is a foodborne bacterial disease responsible for food epidemics around the world. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella serotypes in several food products isolated at the Casablanca Regional Analysis and Research Laboratory and to test their resistance to different antimicrobials. METHODOLOGY: The isolation and identification of Salmonella were performed according to Moroccan standard 08...

Salmonella can persist in the feedlot pen environment, acting as a source of transmission among beef cattle. Concurrently, cattle that are colonized with Salmonella can perpetuate contamination of the pen environment through fecal shedding. To study these cyclical dynamics, pen environment and bovine samples were collected for a 7-month longitudinal comparison of Salmonella prevalence, serovar, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. These samples included composite environment, water, and feed from the feedlot pens ( n  = 30) and cattle ( n  = 282) feces and subiliac lymph nodes...

Salmonella enterica is an important zoonotic pathogen that is frequently identified in dairy farming systems. An increase in antibiotic resistance has led to inadequate results of treatments, with impacts on animal and human health. Here, the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from dairy cattle and dairy farm environments were evaluated and compared. A collection of 75 S. enterica isolates were evaluated, and their phenotypic susceptibility was determined. For genotypic characterization, the whole genomes of the isolates were sequenced, and geno-serotypes, sequence types (STs) and core-genome-sequence types were determined using the EnteroBase pipeline...

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The modified nucleosides 2'-deoxy-7-cyano- and 2'-deoxy-7-amido-7-deazaguanosine (dPreQ0 and dADG, respectively) recently discovered in DNA are the products of the bacterial queuosine tRNA modification pathway and the dpd gene cluster, the latter of which encodes proteins that comprise the elaborate Dpd restriction-modification system present in diverse bacteria. Recent genetic studies implicated the dpdA, dpdB and dpdC genes as encoding proteins necessary for DNA modification, with dpdD-dpdK contributing to the restriction phenotype...

In animals, salmonellosis is seen typically as enteritis and/or septicemia. Subclinical infection also occurs, and outwardly healthy animals can serve as reservoirs of infection. Reports of salmonellosis in elephants are rare, limited to a few serovars, and the gross and microscopic lesions of enteric salmonellosis in this species have not been described in detail. We present here, in 2 elephants in managed care settings, cases of salmonellosis that resulted from infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Muenchen and S...

Accurate detection of all Salmonella serovars present in a sample is important in surveillance programs. Current detection protocols are limited to detection of a predominant serovar, missing identification of less abundant serovars in a sample. An alternative method, called CRISPR-SeroSeq, <u>sero</u>typing by <u>seq</u>uencing of amplified CRISPR spacers, was employed to detect multiple serovars in a sample without the need of culture isolation. The CRISPR-SeroSeq method successfully detected 34 most frequently reported Salmonella serovars in pure cultures and target serovars at 104 CFU/mL in 27 Salmonella-negative environmental enrichment samples post-spiked with one of 15 different serovars, plus 2 additional serovars at 1 log CFU/mL higher abundance...