Malnutrition, undernourished

Undernutrition is the leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) globally and in India. This multicenter prospective cohort analysis from India suggests that undernutrition is associated with increased risk of TB disease but not TB infection among household contacts of persons with TB.

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction is often accompanied by malnutrition, which is associated with an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic processes. This ultimately leads to cardiac cachexia, which worsens the patient's prognosis. We aimed to assess the correlation between nutritional status, assessed using the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and the rate of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE). METHODS: The present investigation was a non-randomized, prospective, observational study in which 108 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included...

Mozambique has one of the highest child undernutrition rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of children from 1 to 14 years old hospitalized for undernutrition and to explore associated risk factors. Clinical, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental data were collected. Anthropometric measurements and stool samples were collected from a child and their caretaker. The wealth index was determined using Principal Components Analysis. A total of 449 children and their caretakers were enrolled...

BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders describe the physical, mental, and social disturbances that are more prevalent in low and middle-income countries. Mothers are among the more vulnerable groups especially mothers having children with under-nutrition. However, there are limited studies about the magnitude of common mental disorders among mothers of undernourished children in Ethiopia. Therefore, we aimed to assess the magnitude of common mental disorders and associated factors among mothers of children attending severe acute malnutrition treatment in Gedio Zone, Southern Ethiopia...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a worldwide problem that impacts every country, affecting one in three individuals, including Ghana. According to estimates from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 690 million people were undernourished globally in 2019. Malnutrition is no exception in rural cocoa communities in Ghana. The expansion of cocoa is causing food insecurity and low dietary diversity in most cocoa-growing areas. There is little information on the food security status and dietary diversity among male-headed and female-headed cocoa households in the Juaboso-Bia cocoa landscape...

The 'double burden of malnutrition' is a global health challenge that increasingly affects populations in both low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This phenomenon refers to the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight or obesity, as well as other diet-related non-communicable diseases, in the same population, household or even individual. While noteworthy progress has been made in reducing undernutrition in some parts of the world, in many of these areas, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, particularly in urban areas, resulting in greater numbers of people who were undernourished in childhood and have overweight or obesity in adulthood...

Hearing loss affects some nutrient intake. Disabling hearing loss may exacerbate these issues. We aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and assess deficiencies based on functional hearing status. The study included 6907 participants with information on demographic factors, nutrient intake, weight, height, disease status, and hearing level in the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2019 to 2021. We categorized the participants into 3 groups based on their functional hearing status: bilateral hearing, unilateral hearing, and disabling hearing loss...

BACKGROUND: Children with Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) experience a high risk of disease and developmental delays contributing to large scale morbidity and mortality particularly in the developing world with existing progress inadequate to attain the Sustainable Development Goal for improved nutrition, and the cessation of all forms of undernourishment by 2030.The study objective was to assess the functioning and effectiveness of facility-based management of children with SAM in terms of their recovery (anthropometric indicators), adherence to discharge, and follow-up guidelines...

AIM: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition using traditional measures of nutritional assessments like body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skin fold thickness (TSF), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), hand grip strength (HGS) and subjective global assessments (SGA) among cirrhotic patients referred for liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: The study was conducted among 215 cirrhotic patients referred for LT at a tertiary care hospital...

INTRODUCTION: The double burden of malnutrition refers to the simultaneous presence of under nutrition and overweight, obesity, or diet-related non-communicable diseases which might occur at the population, household, and individual level. The simultaneous presence of overweight/obese mothers with undernourished children in the same household, as well as overweight children with underweight mothers, holds particular significance. This phenomenon primarily impacts low-income and middle-income countries...

Malnourished children are susceptible to an increased risk of mortality owing to impaired immune functions. However, the underlying mechanism of altered immune functions and its interaction with malnutrition is poorly understood. This study investigates the immune function and evaluates the effect of a particular nutritional intervention on the immune cells of undernourished children. Stunted (LAZ <-2) and at-risk of being stunted (length-for-age Z-scores, LAZ <-1 to -2) children aged between 12 and 18 months were enrolled and were provided with the daily nutritional intervention of one egg and 150 mL cow's milk for 90 days...

BACKGROUND: Continuum of care (CoC) for maternal and child health provides opportunities for mothers and children to improve their nutritional status, but many children remain undernourished in Angola. This study aimed to assess the achievement level of CoC and examine the association between the CoC achievement level and child nutritional status. METHODS: We used nationally representative data from the Angola 2015-2016 Multiple Indicator and Health Survey. Completion of CoC was defined as achieving at least four antenatal care visits (4 + ANC), delivery with a skilled birth attendant (SBA), child vaccination at birth, child postnatal check within 2 months (PNC), and a series of child vaccinations at 2, 4, 6, 9 and 15 months of child age...

RATIONALE: The causal relationship between undernutrition and response to anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment and TB treatment outcomes among people with retreatment TB is understudied. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of undernutrition on treatment success and sputum smear conversion among people with retreatment drug-susceptible TB in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a quasi-experimental study utilizing propensity score weighting among people with retreatment drug-susceptible TB aged ≥ 15 years treated between 2012 and 2022 in Kampala...

PURPOSE: Malnourished adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) have a lower propensity for physical activities, leading to post-surgical stress and poorer clinic-functional outcomes. The study is aimed to propose an integrative screening procedure for patients and to identify a subset of patients who are undernourished or at risk of undernutrition in the Indian population. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care, a university-level teaching hospital for seven months, which included knee OA patients above the age of 45 years, and the following criteria were evaluated anthropometric measurement and blood biochemical parameters and nutritional scoring system...

Children are highly vulnerable subpopulation to malnutrition and air pollution. We investigate, in a rat nutritional growth retardation (NGR) model, the impact of Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) on the lung immune response using in vitro and ex vivo methods. In vitro: Alveolar macrophages (AM) were isolated from Control (C) and NGR animals, cultured and treated with ROFA (1-100µg/ml) for 24h. Ex vivo: C and NGR rats were intranasally instilled with ROFA (1mg/kg BW) or PBS. 24h post-exposure AM were isolated and cultured...

BACKGROUND: Complementary feeding is critical in establishing undernutrition. However, experimental undernourished diets do not represent the amount of nutrients in the complementary diets of undernourished children. OBJECTIVE: To develop, validate, and evaluate the impact of a new murine model of undernutrition on the intestinal epithelium, based on the complementary diet of undernourished children from seven countries with low socioeconomic power belonging to the Malnutrition-Enteric Diseases (MAL-ED) cohort study...

OBJECTIVE: Child malnutrition, comprising of undernutrition and obesity, is a global concern with severe implications for survival, leading to acute and chronic diseases that adversely affect the productivity of individuals and society. Asia shoulders the greatest burden, with 7 out of 10 undernourished children residing in the region. Despite the decline in global child stunting, particularly in Asia, its prevalence remains significant. In 2017, an estimated 151 million children under five experienced stunting, and an additional 38 million were overweight, with Africa and Asia accounting for 25% and 46% of the global figures, respectively...

BACKGROUND: There is a strong, bi-directional link between tuberculosis (TB) and undernutrition: TB often causes undernutrition, and undernourished people are more likely to contract TB and experience worse outcomes. Globally, several TB nutritional support programmes exist; however, evidence on their effectiveness is limited and contested. This study evaluates the effect of a nutritional support programme implemented for people with TB in the Atsimo-Andrefana region, Madagascar in 2022...

BACKGROUND: For those living with HIV/AIDS, malnutrition is a significant issue everywhere, but it is particularly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. A nutritional support program is becoming a more and more common strategy to prevent malnutrition in HIV-positive persons. Thus, this study aimed to assess nutritional treatment outcomes and their predictors among adult HIV-positive undernourished individuals in West Guji Zone healthcare facilities. METHOD: A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 348 randomly selected adult HIV- positive patients in the West Guji Zone healthcare facilities between January 2018 and December 2022...

OBJECTIVE: To compare bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived parameters in healthy volunteers and critically ill patients and to assess its prognostic value in an ICU patient cohort. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational data analysis. SETTING: Single centre, tertiary-level ICU (Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, ZNA Stuivenberg Hospital). PATIENTS: 101 patients and 101 healthy subjects, participants of International Fluid Academy Days...