Amer

BACKGROUND: Equine influenza (EI) is a transmissible viral respiratory sickness of the Equidae family. Two viruses, H7N7 and H3N8 caused EI; however, H7N7 has not been detected for decades. H3N8 has circulated and bifurcated into Eurasian and American lineages. The latter subsequently diversified into Kentucky, South America, and Florida sub-lineages. Florida clade 1 (FC1) and Florida clade 2 (FC2) strains are the only circulating EI viruses (EIVs) in the meantime. Immunization is considered the major means for the prevention and control of EI infection...

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) are well defined as food poisoning pathogens that are highly resistant and need continuous studies. AIM: The purpose of the work was to examine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus , and treatment trials with medicinal plants. METHODS: Samples were examined for isolation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on selective media followed by biochemical confirmation, biofilm formation, genes detection , and expression of P...

Improper management of agricultural and industrial cotton wastes causes environmental pollution and worsens the climate change challenge. Green recycling of cotton could contribute to a circular economy. One of the economic values of cotton wastes lies in their bioactive components. Two types of cotton wastes-agricultural and industrial-of the species Gossypium barbadense L. Giza 95 were targeted in the current study, aiming to maximize their medicinal value and investigate the anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities of their phytochemical extracts...

Bacteria have adapted to phage predation by evolving a vast assortment of defence systems1 . Although anti-phage immunity genes can be identified using bioinformatic tools, the discovery of novel systems is restricted to the available prokaryotic sequence data2 . Here, to overcome this limitation, we infected Escherichia coli carrying a soil metagenomic DNA library3 with the lytic coliphage T4 to isolate clones carrying protective genes. Following this approach, we identified Brig1, a DNA glycosylase that excises α-glucosyl-hydroxymethylcytosine nucleobases from the bacteriophage T4 genome to generate abasic sites and inhibit viral replication...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) represent a diverse group of pathologically distinct diseases with varying prognoses and risks of leukemia progression. This review aims to discuss current treatment options for elderly patients with MDS, focusing on patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy or allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The challenges associated with treatment in this population and emerging therapeutic prospects are also explored...

This study investigates the impact of varying concentrations of stevioside in the presence of lead (Pb) exposure on multiple aspects of thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) juveniles. Over 60 days, a total of 540 juvenile L. ramada with an initial weight of 3.5 ± 0.13 g were evenly distributed into six groups, each consisting of three replicates. The experimental diet consisted of varying levels of stevioside (150, 250, 350, and 450 mg/kg diet), with a consistent concentration of lead (Pb) set at 100 µg/kg diet...

Among the most prevalent forms of cancer are breast, lung, colon-rectum, and prostate cancers, and breast cancer is a major global health challenge, contributing to 2.26 million cases with approximately 685,000 deaths worldwide in 2020 alone, typically beginning in the milk ducts or lobules that produce and transport milk during lactation and it is becoming challenging to treat as the tissues are developing resistance, which makes urgent calls for new multitargeted drugs. The multitargeted drug design provides a better solution, simultaneously targeting multiple pathways, even when the drug resists one, it remains effective for others...

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) formed by the interaction between oppositely charged polymers have emerged as promising carriers for accomplishing colon-specific release. In this study, we have explored the potential of polyelectrolyte complexes between a succinate derivative of Leucaena leucocephala galactomannan and cationic guar gum for colon delivery of synbiotic. The PECs were prepared using a polyelectrolyte complexation method and characterized. The PECs exhibited excellent stability, with high encapsulation efficiency for both probiotics (95...

OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aimed to examine the safety of masitinib in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different doses of masitinib versus placebo. We performed our analysis using the R (v.4.3.0) programming language and the incidence of adverse events was pooled using risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: We included five RCTs, focusing on multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...

UNLABELLED: Beakground: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in COVID-19 patients, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are the most common comorbid conditions in COVID-19 patients, is considered a risk factor for premature mortality in the population. The aim of the study is to compare the standard biochemical and hematological markers of COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation and those who have recovered, and to identify differences by gender and comorbidities, as well as the dominant marker in comorbidities that frequently shows statistical significance, in order to investigate its prognostic value in further research...

The mesoporous metal oxide semiconductors exhibit unique chemical and physical characteristics, making them highly desirable for catalysis, electrochemistry, energy conversion, and energy storage applications. Here, we report the facial fabrication of mesoporous gray SnO2 (MGS) electrocatalysts employing an evaporation-induced co-assembly (EICA) approach, utilizing poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers Pluronic P123 (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer as a template for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2 RR)...

INTRODUCTION:  Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is used to manage the symptoms of inflammatory rheumatic and dermatologic disorders. However, HCQ retinopathy is a serious side effect because even after the drug is discontinued, irreversible vision loss may occur and may continue to progress. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), the recent recommendation for HCQ dosing is ≤5 mg/kg of real body weight, with baseline ophthalmologic screening during the first year of HCQ treatment and yearly screening after five years of continuous use of HCQ medication, unless the patient is at high risk or symptoms have developed...

Background Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, which is increasing globally with higher prevalence among women. Many factors contribute to the etiology and risk factors for depression, including biological and psychosocial factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression among the adult population in Al-Qunfudah governorate, southwestern Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1036 participants among adults in Al-Qunfudah governorate, southwestern SA, using a validated Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) during the period from October 1st, 2022 to the end of December 2022...

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, progressive, type 2 inflammatory esophageal disease presenting as dysphagia to solid food and non-obstructive food impaction. Knowledge gaps exist in its diagnosis and management. These expert recommendations focused on the diagnosis of EoE in the United Arab Emirates. An electronic search of PubMed and Embase databases was used to gather evidence from systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, consensus papers, and expert opinions from the last five years on the diagnosis of EoE...

Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is a complex disease influenced by various risk factors. It is characterized by persistent elevation of BP levels, typically exceeding 140/90 mmHg. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability play crucial roles in hypertension development. L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an analog of L-arginine, inhibits endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enzymes, leading to decreased NO production and increased BP. Animal models exposed to L-NAME manifest hypertension, making it a useful design for studying the hypertension condition...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Two risk factors that cause 80-90% of HCC cases globally are chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in numerous tumors has been described. Our research assessed microRNA-16 (miR-16) as a novel biomarker in patients with HCV-induced HCC. The study included three groups. Group 1 included 55 individuals with cirrhosis caused by liver HCV infection in addition to HCC...

The delayed presentation of cancer patients to healthcare facilities for diagnosis is a pressing issue, as late-stage cancer cases are often more challenging to treat effectively. In low-resource settings, such as those with limited access to healthcare facilities, the impact of inadequate awareness of cancer signs and symptoms can be particularly severe. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate public knowledge of cancer signs and symptoms and risk factors in the context of Jordan. This cross-sectional study was conducted among participants from all settings...

Chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for a variety of solid and hematological malignancies. Despite its success in improving the survival rate of cancer patients, chemotherapy causes significant toxicity to multiple organs, including the skeleton, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Using tumor-free mouse models, which are commonly used to assess direct off-target effects of anti-neoplastic therapies, we found that doxorubicin caused massive bone loss in wild-type mice, a phenotype associated with increased number of osteoclasts, leukopenia, elevated serum levels of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; e...

Although cryopreservation is a reliable method used in assisted reproduction to preserve genetic materials, it can stimulate the occurrence of oxidative stress, which affects sperm structure and function. This research was conducted to explore the effects of quinoa seed extracts (QSE) on ram sperm quality, oxidative biomarkers, and the gene expression of frozen-thawed ram sperm. Semen samples were diluted in extenders supplemented with 0 (QSE0), 250 (QSE1), 500 (QSE2), 750 (QSE3), and 1000 (QSE4) µg of QSE /mL, and then frozen according to the typical procedure...

BACKGROUND: Knee and hip osteoarthritis affects millions of people around the world and is expected to rise even more in frequency as the population ages. Joint arthroplasty is the surgical management of choice in these articulations. Heterotopic ossification and radiolucent lines formation are two frequent problems faced in hip and knee replacements respectively. Some studies show that the usage of pulsed lavage may prevent their formation. AIM: To compare pulsed lavage to standard lavage in joint arthroplasty...