Oncology, amr

BACKGROUND: Cancer recurrence is regulated by a variety of factors, among which is the material of dying tumor cells; it is suggested that remaining after anti-cancer therapy tumor cells receive a signal from proteins called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), one of which is heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). METHODS: Two models of tumor repopulation were employed, based on minimal population of cancer cells and application of conditioned medium (CM). To deplete the CMs of Hsp70 affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose and immunoprecipitation were used...

IMPORTANCE: Patients with head and neck cancer undergo extraction of teeth with poor prognoses to minimize post-radiation therapy (RT) extractions, which are known to cause osteoradionecrosis (ORN). However, many patients are required to start RT before the extraction sites are completely healed. The role of pre-RT extractions in the development of ORN has been disputed in literature. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the timing of pre-RT dental extractions is associated with ORN development in patients with head and neck cancer...

BACKGROUND: The use of fluoroquinolones to prevent infections in neutropenic patients with cancer or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a controversial issue, with international guidelines providing conflicting recommendations. Although potential benefits are clear, concerns revolve around efficacy, potential harms, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) implications. DISCUSSION: Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis reduces neutropenic fever (NF) bloodstream infections and other serious bacterial infections, based on evidence from systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies in adults and children...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantify radiomic changes in prostate cancer (PCa) progression on serial MRI among patients on active surveillance (AS) and evaluate their association with pathologic progression on biopsy. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised N = 121 biopsy-proven PCa patients on AS at a single institution, of whom N = 50 at baseline conformed to the inclusion criteria. ISUP Gleason Grade Groups (GGG) were obtained from 12-core TRUS-guided systematic biopsies at baseline and follow-up...

OBJECTIVES: Nationwide criteria regarding patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) are still lacking in Egypt. We aimed to present a multicenter study regarding the management and outcomes of this tumor to evaluate our national treatment strategy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis including all patients with SCT who were managed at four major Egyptian centers between 2013 and 2023. Clinical data, surgical approaches, and short- and long-term outcomes were discussed...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Metformin is a regularly prescribed and low-cost generic medication. Metformin has been proposed as a target for Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) expression in various clinical disorders. We provide insilco investigations on molecular docking and dynamic modeling of metformin and DPP4 potential interactions. Moreover, we conducted bioinformatic studies to highlight the clinical significance of DPP4 expression and mutation in various types of malignancies, as well as the invasion of different immune cells into the tumor microenvironment...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poor prognosis, and effective therapeutic strategies are lacking. The diabetes drug canagliflozin inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which mediates cell growth and survival, but it is unclear whether this drug can enhance response rates when combined with cytotoxic therapy. Here, we evaluated the effects of canagliflozin on human NSCLC response to cytotoxic therapy in tissue cultures and xenografts. Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq), real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), metabolic function, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) knockdown, and protein expression assays were used in mechanistic analyses...

Daratumumab is a first-in-class human anti-CD38 IgG1 monoclonal antibody approved for treating newly diagnosed and relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. Pre-clinical data supported daratumumab's ability to deplete autoantibodies producing plasma cells, B-cells, and NK cells. Those reports showed promising results on using daratumumab in autoimmune disorders that are refractory to multiple lines of therapies, which encouraged using daratumumab in various autoimmune conditions that are refractory to standard therapies...

BACKGROUND: Improving basic infection control (IC) practices, diagnostics and anti-microbial stewardship (AMS) are key tools to handle antimicrobial resistance (AMR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study done over 6 years (2016-2021) in an oncology centre in North India with many on-going interventions to improve IC practices, diagnostics and AMS. This study looked into AMR patterns from clinical isolates, rates of hospital acquired infections (HAI) and clinical outcomes...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cyclosporine A (CSA) dosing has been complicated by considerable intra-patient and inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics, which is affected by different factors. We aimed to assess the various factors that might affect the CSA dose and its plasma level. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included paediatric cancer patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant at the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 from matched related donors with CSA as graft versus host disease prophylaxis...

Oral toxicities such as osteoradionecrosis can be minimized by dental screening and prophylactic dental care prior to head and neck (HN) radiation therapy (RT). However, limited information is available about how dental insurance interacts with prophylactic dental care and osteoradionecrosis. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a cohort study of 2743 consecutive adult patients treated with curative radiation for HN malignancy who underwent pre-radiation dental assessment and where required, prophylactic dental treatment...

Circulating inflammatory cytokines play critical roles in tumor-associated inflammation and immune responses. Recent data has suggested that several interleukins (ILs) mediate carcinogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the predictive and prognostic value of circulating ILs has yet to be validated. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of the serum ILs with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathologic features in a large cohort of HCC patients. We prospectively collected data, and serum samples from 767 HCC patients treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2001 and 2014, with a median follow-up of 67...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon aggressive endocrine malignancy that is nonetheless associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates because of endocrine and oncological consequences. Recent genome-wide investigations of ACC have advanced our understanding of the disease, but substantial obstacles remain to overcome regarding diagnosis and prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) play a crucial role in the development and metastasis of a wide range of carcinomas by regulating the expression of their target genes through various mechanisms causing translational repression or messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation...

PURPOSE: Compared to the free-breathing technique, adjuvant left breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy using the breath-hold method significantly reduces the heart mean dose, Left anterior descending artery, and ipsilateral lung doses. Movement with deep inspiration may also reduce heart volume in the field and regional node doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre-radiotherapy planning CT was performed in the free-breathing, and breath-hold techniques using RPM, demographic information, clinicopathological data, heart volume in the field, heart mean dose, LAD mean dose, and regional nodal doses were calculated in both free breathing and DIBH...

Hyperactivated ribosome biosynthesis is attributed to a need for elevated protein synthesis that accommodates cell growth and division, and is characterized by nucleomorphometric alterations and increased nucleolar counts. Ribosome biogenesis is challenged when DNA-damaging treatments such as radiotherapy are utilized. Tumor cells that survive radiotherapy form the basis of recurrence, tumor progression, and metastasis. In order to survive and become metabolically revitalized, tumor cells need to reactivate RNA Polymerase I (RNA Pol I) to synthesize ribosomal RNA, an integral component of ribosomes...

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion is occasionally detected in various solid tumors such as renal cell carcinoma and lung cancers. It is considered quite rare for neuroendocrine tumors with only few published case reports. We reviewed the current literature and summarized a case report of a patient with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) presenting with hypercalcemia due to elevation of PTHrP. The patient had histological confirmation of well-differentiated PNET and developed hypercalcemia years after his initial diagnosis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Cancer patients have an increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes and were recommended to be vaccinated, wear a mask, practice social distancing, and increase hand hygiene. We used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to identify constructs that were associated with the likelihood of adhering to and advocating for CDC COVID-19 prevention recommendations. We surveyed adult cancer patients who had an onsite appointment at the Penn State Cancer Institute or at the Hematology and Oncology Associates of Northeastern Pennsylvania...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a significant challenge in high-complexity healthcare settings, with an alarming increase in recent decades. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of AMR in bloodstream isolates from high-complexity paediatric units in Spain over a 9-year period. METHODS: A retrospective observational multicentre study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals, analysing bloodstream isolates (Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp...