Right isomerism

Laboratory-scale all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have exhibited remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 19%. However, the utilization of hazardous solvents and nonvolatile liquid additives poses challenges for eco-friendly commercialization, necessitating the trade-off between device efficiency and operation stability. Herein, we propose an innovative approach based on isomerized solid additive engineering, employing volatile dithienothiophene (DTT) isomers to modulate intermolecular interactions and facilitate molecular stacking within the photoactive layers...

OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to determine the long-term surgical outcomes of patients with functional single ventricles associated with heterotaxy syndrome, risk factors for mortality, and factors associated with Fontan stage completion. METHODS: Overall, 279 patients with a functional single ventricle associated with heterotaxy syndrome who underwent an initial surgical procedure at our institute between 1978 and 2021 were grouped into four "eras" based on the surgical year at which the initial procedure was performed: era 1 (1978-1989, n = 71), era 2 (1990-1999, n = 98), era 3 (2000-2009, n = 64), and era 4 (2010-2021, n = 46)...

To study the effect of polymeric structures on second-order nonlinear optical properties, polysiloxanes materials based on azobenzene as chromophore have been designed and synthesized successfully. Herein, the siloxane monomer is directly bonded to azobenzene units by palladium catalysis, which avoids the influence of flexible chains on the photoelectric properties of azobenzene. According to the different positions of azobenzene units in the polymers, it is divides into side-chain, main-chain and alternative type polymers...

Stimuli-responsive molecular systems supported within permanently porous materials offer the opportunity to host dynamic functions operating multifunctional smart materials. However, the construction of highly porous frameworks featuring external-stimuli responsiveness, for example by light excitation, is still in its infancy. Here we present a general strategy to construct spiropyran-functionalized highly porous switchable aromatic frameworks (PSFs) by modular and high-precision anchoring of molecular hooks and an innovative in-situ solid-state grafting approach...

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return due to septum primum malposition is a poorly understood condition despite being very common in left atrial isomerism or polysplenia syndrome. Due to the leftward displacement of the septum primum, either the two right pulmonary veins or all four pulmonary veins can drain abnormally into the right atrium, despite their correct position. In other words, the four pulmonary veins (or the two right pulmonary veins), looking from outside the heart, return at the back of the atrium in the normal position...

Adopting only a small amount of azobenzene molecular to design liquid crystal photo-responsive materials capable of quick response and flexible adjustability is in high demand but is challenging. Herein, we introduced azobenzene molecules into polyurethane elastomer containing crystalline structure for preparing azobenzene liquid-crystal elastomers (ALCEs) and discovered this phenomenon of the synergistic effects between liquid crystal and crystalline phase. The key point of the work is that the synthetic ALCEs can utilize the reversible isomerism capability of azobenzene molecules under light irradiation, which can pry the motion of the macromolecular crystalline region in system to realize the large macroscopic deformation of the photo-responsive behavior...

BACKGROUND: To explore the diagnostic clues and abnormality spectrum of heterotaxy syndrome by prenatal ultrasonography and postnatal verification. METHODS: The prenatal ultrasonic data of 88 heterotaxy syndrome fetuses were analyzed retrospectively as left isomerism (LI) and right isomerism (RI). Prenatal ultrasound compared with the anatomical casting of the fetal body after labor induction, and the confirmatory postnatal diagnosis after delivery. RESULTS: Fetal LI showed typical malformations of gastric vesicles on different sides from the heart, absence of hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC), abdominal aorta (AO) parallel with the azygos vein (AV), bilateral left bronchus, bilateral left atrial appendages, and polysplenia; intracardiac malformations of AV septal defects (AVSD), single atrium (SA), left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), and double-outlet right ventricle (DORV); and cardiac conduction abnormalities of sinus bradycardia and AV blockage...

In recent years, light-driven soft actuators have been rapidly developed as enablers in the fabrication of artificial robots and biomimetic devices. However, it remains challenging to amplify molecular isomerization to multiple modes of macroscopic actuation with large amplitude and complex motions. Here w e report a strategy to build a light-responsive liquid crystalline polyurethane elastomer by photo-triggered overcrowded alkene-based molecular motors. Trifunctional molecular motor modified with ethylene glycol spacer on the rotor and stator functions as a crosslinker and unidirectional stirrer that amplifies molecular motion into macroscopic movement...

A layered meta-benchmarking analysis was devised with the aim of illustrating how to produce an experimental/computational protocol for the method selection and estimation of Gibbs energies of catalytically prominent reactions. Our test subject involved the active-latent equilibrium through the cis-trans isomerism of two metathesis catalysts: mesitylene-Ru-SCF3 -Cl and diisopropylphenyl-Ru-SCF3 -Cl. The strategy was two-fold: first to perform a computational benchmark for the energies in the gas phase, followed by benchmarking the enthalpy and the Gibbs energy, including solvation and entropy, from experimental references...

Herein, novel photo-responsive spiropyran-based P(DEGMA-co-SpMA) copolymers with variable percentages of spiropyran fractions are synthesized. The spiropyran group present in these polymers exhibited abilities of reversible photo-isomerism. Their photo-responsive, structural and thermal properties have been investigated and compared, using various characterization techniques. These light-responsive copolymers are found to exhibit photoswitchable glass transition temperature (Tg ), high thermal stability (Td > 250°C), instant photochromism as well as fluorescence, upon exposure to UV light...

Persistent, mobile, and toxic chemicals (PMT), such as the antimycotic climbazole-(CBZ), proliferate in water cycle and imperil drinking water quality, sparking off research about their environmental fate. Unlike the parent compound, its transformation products-(TPs) are scarcely investigated, much less as PMTs. To this end, phototransformation of CBZ was investigated. A novel suspect-screening workflow was developed and optimized by cross-comparing the results of the identified photo-TPs against literature data to create an enhanced HRMS-database for environmental investigations of CBZ/TPs in the water cycle...

OBJECTIVE: To systematically verify the accuracy of a four-step prenatal ultrasonography in diagnosing fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). METHODS: A total of 62 TAPVC fetuses received prenatal ultrasonography and were confirmed by postnatal echocardiography, surgery, or postabortion autopsy. The suspected TAPVC fetuses were further screened by a four-step prenatal ultrasonography for TAPVC classification, pulmonary venous obstruction, and the associated malformations, and followed postpartum...

The dielectronic constant of organic semiconductor materials is directly related to its molecule dipole moment, which could be used to guide the design of high-performance organic photovoltaic materials. Here, two isomeric small molecule acceptors, ANDT-2F and CNDT-2F, were designed and synthesized by using the electron localization effect of alkoxy in different positions of naphthalene. It is found that the axisymmetric ANDT-2F exhibits a larger dipole moment, which could improve exciton dissociation and charge generation efficiencies due to the strong intramolecular charge transfer effect, resulting in the higher photovoltaic performance of devices...

This work reports on the synthesis of statistical copolymers of bio-based PA 6.19 and PA 6.6 together with the production of melt-spun monofilaments for the production of sustainable textile fibers. The plant oil-based 1.19-nonadecanedioic acid was synthesized from bio-derived oleic acid via isomerizing methoxycarbonylation. The homopolymer PA 6.19 with a carbon-based bio-content of 72% showed a good elongation at break of 166%, but lower tensile strength than commercial PA 6 (43 MPa versus 82 MPa)...

A light-assisted RAFT copolymerization protocol is established and investigated for the synthesis of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) / spiropyran acrylate (SPA) copolymers with enhanced SPA-contents. Radiation with visible light prevents the spiropyran (SP) motif from isomerizing into the open merocyanine (MC) form which can interfere with the polymerization process by abstracting a hydrogen atom from an active radical via its phenolic oxygen. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Light-responsive polymers are a prospective area of smart materials. The increasing number of potential applications of these materials requires the development of new polymers sensitive to external irradiation. However, most of the polymers reported so far are represented by poly(meth)acrylates. In this work, we propose the straightforward approach to the synthesis of light-responsive poly(2-oxazoline)s via cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-azobenzenyl-2-oxazoline (2-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-2-oxazoline)...

A polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) based environment-adaptative smart window with multi-modulations is demonstrated. This PSLC system contains a right-handed dithienyldicyanoethene-based chiral photoswitch and a chiral dopant S811 with the opposite handedness, of which the reversible cis-trans photoisomerization of the switch can drive the self-shading of the smart window under UV light stimulus because of the transition from nematic phase to cholesteric one. With the assistance of solar heat, the opacity of the smart window can be deepened due to that heat promotes the isomerization conversion rate of the switch...

The amino acid footprint of different beer samples was analyzed using ion chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A tailor-made polymer-based cation-exchange resin was operated with a mass spectrometry-compatible eluent under isocratic conditions on a standard HPLC system coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer using formic acid as a volatile eluent ion source. The partially separated peaks of the isomeric pair isoleucine/leucine were processed according to their area response ratio using vertical peak splitting or Gaussian fit...

We find the non-canonical photoisomerization-induced phase separation of an azobenzene-bearing polymer. The polymer composed of acrylate-based azobenzene (AzoAA) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), namely poly(AzoAA-r-DMA), phase separates under visible light-induced cis-to-trans isomerization at high molecular weight, whereas the phase separation is realized under ultraviolet light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization at low molecular weight. Conventionally, the origin of photoisomerization-induced phase separation is believed to arise from the difference in polarity between the apolar trans and polar cis states; thereby the direction of phase changes, either to separate or dissolute, is uniquely determined by the polarity changes during the isomerization of azobenzene...

The persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a common venous abnormality. However, malformation of the bilateral inferior venae cava (IVC) is extremely rare, with an incidence rate of .3%. IVC malformation is associated most frequently with heart defects and isomerism and often has a poor prognosis. We presented a case of vascular malformations in the fetus of bilateral caval veins with the interruption of the left-sided venous return with hemiazygos continuation in presence of a right-sided inferior caval vein...