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Nevus-associated lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma (NALMM) are rarely described in the literature and are considered an incidental finding. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of NALMM and its clinicopathological features. A total of 201 histopathology reports were reviewed and among them 20% of the samples corresponded to NALMM, with females overrepresented in this group (p = 0.02). A significant association was also observed between NALMM with the presence of multiple nevi (p = 0...

Tanzania has a diverse agroecological area suitable for growing tropical fruits, including avocados. In Northern Tanzania, avocados have been growing under variable soil and altitudinal characteristics for over 100 years, allowing the naturalisation of this crop in this region. However, the region's avocado germplasm is uncharacterised, thus impeding the selection of elite genotypes for increased value and breeding programmes. This study examined the growth and fruit morphometric characteristics of avocado populations grown under variable soil pH and altitude in six districts in the Tanga, Kilimanjaro and Arusha regions...

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) have emerged as significant contributors to negative health outcomes in the past decade. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of probable sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and SO in a community-dwelling population of 1151 adults aged ≥55 years in Lima, Peru. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low muscle strength (LMS) and low muscle mass (LMM) according to European (EWGSOP2), US (FNIH) and Asian (AWGS2) guidelines...

The main aim of the current study was to find biomarkers of health in calves transported at different ages. The selected blood parameters were total cholesterol, insulin and IGF-1 and the longitudinal study investigated whether or not these concentrations were different between calves that were transported from the dairy farm to the veal farm at 14 d or 28 d of age. Relationships between these blood variables and health characteristics of veal calves were investigated. In a 34-wk study period, a total of 683 calves originating from 13 Dutch dairy farms were transported at an age of 14 or 28 d to 8 Dutch veal farms...

Introduction: Lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) predominantly affect the head and neck areas in elderly patients, presenting as challenging ill-defined pigmented lesions with indistinct borders. Surgical margin determination for complete removal remains intricate due to these characteristics. Morphological examination of surgical margins is the key form of determining successful treatment in LM/LMM and underpin the greater margin control provided through the Slow Mohs micrographic surgery (SMMS) approach...

BACKGROUND: There is ample evidence supporting the use of different manipulative therapy techniques for Cervicogenic Headache (CgH). However, no technique can be singled as the best available treatment for patients with CgH. Therefore, the objective of the study is to find and compare the clinical effects of cervical spine over thoracic spine manipulation and conventional physiotherapy in patients with CgH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: It is a prospective, randomized controlled study conducted between July 2020 and January 2023 at the University hospital...

The linear mixed model (LMM) and latent growth model (LGM) are frequently applied to within-subject two-group comparison studies to investigate group differences in the time effect, supposedly due to differential group treatments. Yet, research about LMM and LGM in the presence of outliers (defined as observations with a very low probability of occurrence if assumed from a given distribution) is scarce. Moreover, when such research exists, it focuses on estimation properties (bias and efficiency), neglecting inferential characteristics (e...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the application value of shear wave dispersion (SWD) in healthy adults with the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM), to determine the range of normal reference values, and to analyze the influences of factors on the parameter. METHODS: Ninety-five healthy volunteers participated in the study, from whom 2-dimensional, shear wave elastography (SWE), and SWD images of the bilateral LMM were acquired in three positions (prone, standing, and anterior flexion)...

Bedside teaching (BST) is a core element of medical education. In light of a reported decrease in BST, evidence on how to use BST time most efficiently should be developed. Given that little research into the tangible quality characteristics of good BST has been reported, we investigated the influence of various teacher and structural characteristics on the perceived quality of BST. We filmed and coded 36 BSTs involving 24 lecturers and 259 students. Structural characteristics of interest were: number of students and patients, overall duration, and the proportion of clinical examination...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Why only half of the idiopathic peripheral polyneuropathy (IPN) patients develop neuropathic pain is unknown. By conducting a proteomics analysis on IPN patients, we aimed to discover proteins and new pathways that are associated with neuropathic pain. METHODS: We conducted unbiased mass-spectrometry proteomics analysis on blood plasma from 31 IPN patients with severe neuropathic pain and 29 IPN patients with no pain, to investigate protein biomarkers and protein-protein interactions associated with neuropathic pain...

Research has demonstrated erosion of empathy in students during medical education. Particularly, U.S. studies have demonstrated empathy declines during clinical training in the third and fourth year of traditional medical programs. Yet, studies conducted outside the U.S. have not confirmed this trend. Timing and extent of patient interactions have been identified as empathy-protective factors. The need to examine empathy within different learning contexts has been noted, as has the need for longitudinal and time-series research designs to analyze trajectories...

BACKGROUND: Globally, HIV/AIDS is one of the diseases that have a huge burden in terms of cost and health of individuals; and Sub-Sahara Africa is the highly affected region by the pandemic. Tanzania is among the countries that have a higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS-related mortality. This study aimed at using the joint survival model to estimate the association between viral load outcome and survival outcome to death adjusting for age, sex, adherence, and visit date. METHODS: Secondary data from a retrospective cohort of HIV patients attending health care and treatment centers were used to analyze the association between the longitudinal viral load and time-to-death outcomes...

The current research was undertaken to scrutinize the effect of leaf meal mixture as concentrate mixture in the ration of goats. Leaf meal mixture (LMM) was prepared using equal quantities of ten top-foliages namely Acacia nilotica, Celtis australis, Ficus palmata, Ficus religiosa, Grewia optiva, Melia azadarach, Morus alba, Quercus incana, Salix alba and Zizyphus jujube obtained from district Poonch of Jammu region in western Himalayas. The LMM prepared was substituted for 15% in the concentrate mixture being fed to the goats...

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by pathology in white matter (WM) and atrophy of grey matter (GM), but it remains unclear how these processes are related, or how they influence clinical progression. OBJECTIVE: To study the spatial and temporal relationship between GM atrophy and damage in connected WM in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS in relation to clinical progression. METHODS: Healthy control (HC) and early RRMS subjects visited our center twice with a 1-year interval for MRI and clinical examinations, including the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) scores...

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWASes) aim to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a given phenotype. A common approach for the analysis of GWAS is single marker analysis (SMA) based on linear mixed models (LMMs). However, LMM-based SMA usually yields a large number of false discoveries and cannot be directly applied to non-Gaussian phenotypes such as count data. RESULTS: We present a novel Bayesian method to find SNPs associated with non-Gaussian phenotypes...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory adipokines and cytokines play a pivotal role in linking obesity and breast cancer (BC) risk in women. We investigated the longitudinal associations between BMI change and trajectories of inflammatory biomarkers related to BC risk. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted among 442 Chinese women with 3-year repeated measures from 2019 to 2021. Plasma circulating inflammatory biomarkers related to BC risk, including adiponectin (ADP), resistin (RETN), soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were examined annually...

Background Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) have emerged as significant contributors to negative health outcomes in the past decade. However, there remains a lack of consensus on the criteria and cut-off thresholds for assessing sarcopenia and SO. Moreover, limited data are available on the prevalence of these conditions in Latin American countries. To address this evidence gap, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of probable sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and SO in a community-dwelling population of 1151 adults aged ≥ 55 years in Lima, Peru...

In many psychometric applications, the relationship between the mean of an outcome and a quantitative covariate is too complex to be described by simple parametric functions; instead, flexible nonlinear relationships can be incorporated using penalized splines. Penalized splines can be conveniently represented as a linear mixed effects model (LMM), where the coefficients of the spline basis functions are random effects. The LMM representation of penalized splines makes the extension to multivariate outcomes relatively straightforward...

Osteomalacia outbreaks often occur in cattle grazing native pastures in regions with endemic phosphorous (P) deficiency. This study evaluated the responses of two groups of cows, initially with clinical signs of chronic P deficiency, to P supplements (100gP/kg) offered ad libitum for 13 weeks as a loose mineral mix (LMM group) or the same mineral mix offered as blocks (BMM group). Half of the cows in each group were categorized as 'with' or 'without' severe osteopenia according to a test that depended on the resistance to penetration of a needle through the left lateral process of the L4-L5 lumbar vertebra...

Pulse rate variability (PRV) is often used as an alternative to heart rate variability (HRV) to measure psychophysiological function. However, its validity to do so is unclear, especially in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study compared PRV and HRV in adults with higher-level SCI (SCI-H, n = 23), lower-level SCI (SCI-L, n = 22), and able-bodied participants (AB n = 44), in a seated position as a function of performance in a reactivity task (Oxford Sleep Resistance Test: OSLER)...