Insulin resitance

Recent evidence supporting that adipose tissue (AT)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry an important part of the AT secretome led us to characterize the EV-adipokine profile. In addition to evidencing a high AT-derived EV secretion ability that is further increased by obesity, we identify enrichment of oligomeric forms of adiponectin in small EVs (sEVs). This adipokine is mainly distributed at the EV external surface as a result of nonspecific adsorption of soluble adiponectin. EVs also constitute stable conveyors of adiponectin in the blood circulation...

PURPOSE: Skeletal muscle is the primary site for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and muscle insulin resistance is central to abnormal glucose metabolism in obesity. Whether muscle insulin signaling to the level of Akt/AS160 is intact in insulin resitant obese humans is controversial. METHODS: We defined a linear range of insulin-stimulated systemic and leg glucose uptake in 14 obese and 14 non-obese volunteers using a 2-step insulin clamp (Protocol 1) and then examined the obesity-related defects in muscle insulin action in 16 non-obese and 25 obese male and femal volunteers matched for fitness using a one-step, hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp coupled with muscle biopsies (Protocol 2)...

OBJECTIVES: The risk of cardiometabolic complications in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIVs) and in perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected children (HEUs) and its relationship to systemic inflammation and markers of gut integrity are not well established. In this current study, we assed insulin resitance in PHIV compared to HEUs and HIV unexposed uninfected children and explored potential association with intestinal damage biomarkers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in PHIVs, HEUs and HIV-unexposed, uninfected children (HUUs) aged 2-10 years enrolled in Uganda...

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet)-based medical nutrition therapy facilitates near-normoglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMw) and observe the effects on adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the St Carlos GDM Prevention Study, conducted between January and December 2015 in Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain). One thousand consecutive women with normoglycemia were included before 12 gestational weeks (GWs), with 874 included in the final analysis...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases are highly prevalent in Western countries and associated with insulin resitance and metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by lobular inflammation and hepatocellular ballooning, and may be associated with liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and its complications as hepatocarcinoma. The presence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus or increased liver enzymes in patients with metabolic syndrome should prompt non-invasive screening (liver ultrasound, serum markers and/or transient elastography) to predict steatosis, NASH and fibrosis...

BACKGROUND: Irisin, a hormone like myokine, is identified to the relation with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome recently. In the literature to date, there are no studies evaluating serum irisin levels in psoriasis patients. We aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in psoriasis patients by evaluating serum irisin levels and metabolic parameters associated with insulin resistance in patients with plaque-type psoriasis vulgaris. METHODS: The study included 40 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis vulgaris and 37 healthy subjects...

AIM: Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine and depressed ghrelin levels have been found to be associated with insulin resistance in a number of clinical situations, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. This study was designed to determine the relationship of plasma homocysteine and ghrelin levels with obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-four adolescents and young women (24 lean, 20 obese) 16-21 years old with polycystic ovary syndrome and age matched 20 healthy adolescents and young women were participated the study...

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) emerged from an anecdotal disease first described in 1981 to the most common cause of incident chronic liver disease at the end of the current decade. This article describes, from a historical perspective, some of the landmark changes in our perception and understanding of this disease. Natural history studies have shown the potential for serious liver damage and ultimately increased overall and liver-related mortality. The recognition of insulin resitance as an almost universal underlying condition in patients with NASH, its role as a major determinant of steatogenesis and possibly liver disease progression contributed to the identification of a probable cause for this disease, one that is amenable to therapeutic intervention...

PURPOSE: In our study, we investigated the influence of plasma levels ghrelin, leptin and other metabolic hormones (ILGF-1 and ILGF-2) in pregnants in regulating fetal body weight and mode of delivery. METHODS: A total of 36 appropriately healthy pregnants 19-36-year-old were involved in the study. Demographic characteristics, serum ghrelin, leptin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels of the pregnants were studied. RESULTS: Plasma ghrelin and leptin levels did not differ significantly among trimesters and delivery, in contrast to IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations were significantly higher in the first half of the pregnancy (P < 0...

OBJECTIVE: Analyse the relation between insulin resistance and severe preeclampsia (SPE). METHODS: Case control study paired by body mass index and gestational age; including 16 patients with severe SPE and 16 normotensive controls. Insulin resistance was assessed through the HOMA-IR and QUICKI-IS indexes. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the HOMA-IR and QUICKI-IS indexes and HDL cholesterol. Triglyceride levels were higher and the IGF-1 was lower in the SPE group than in the control group...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is little research about the relation of REE and insulin resistance with gender. The aim of our work was to study gender differences in REE and insulin resistance in obese patients. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A population of 131 obesity patients was analyzed in a prospective way. The following variables were specifically recorded: age, smoking habit, drinking habit, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio...

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence and magnitude of weight gain associated with valproic acid (VPA) monotherapy in male and female epilepsy patients and to determine possible gender-specific differences in frequency of carbohydrate craving, body-composition, glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. METHODS: Epilepsy patients on VPA monotherapy were consecutively recruited at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University. Weight gain during VPA-therapy, frequency of carbohydrate craving and physical exercise, sociopsychological problems and family history for diabetes were obtained from all patients...