Contact dermatits

The phenomen El Niño that affected Peru at 1998, made possible the growth of copious vegetation in traditionally dry places. On this way, Paederus irritans, dipterous of the order Coleoptera that produces dermatitis when croushed on the skin, found substract that allowed the natural growth of its population. The coming of occasional rains on the months of February to April 1999, attacked the habitat of this insect, that looked for urban areas, exposing seriously the general population of Piura on north Perú to the contact...

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to optical brighteners and enzymes in laundry detergents was the focus of numerous reports in the early 1970s. Subsequently, there has been little published on the incidence of allergic reactions to chemicals in laundry detergents. Nonetheless, consumers and physicians continue to ascribe allergic contact reactions to laundry detergents. OBJECTIVE: This article reports the findings of a multicenter study on the prevalence of patch test reactions to a liquid and a granular laundry detergent provided by Procter & Gamble Company (Cincinnati, Ohio)...

BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections occur frequently on the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the microbiology of the skin of AD patients for staphylococci, the frequency and density of each species, and their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. METHODS: To study the staphylococci present on the skin of 21 AD outpatients and of 12 healthy subjects (HS), cutaneous organisms were obtained using the contact-plate method...

Ethoxylated surfactants are susceptible to oxidation upon air exposure. We have previously studied the rate of peroxidation and formaldehyde formation in the chemically well-defined ethoxylated alcohol C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH. Formaldehyde is a common cause of contact allergy. The aim of the present study was to identify other oxidation products that could be formed upon air exposure of the ethoxylated alcohol and to determine their allergenic activity. It was shown that air oxidation of C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH gave all the theoretically possible aldehydes of the general formula C12H25(OCH2CH2)nOCH2CHO (n = 0-4) and that the major oxidation product was C12H25(OCH2CH2)4OCH2CHO, dodecyltetraoxyethyleneoxyacetaldehyde...

BACKGROUND: The relationship of adhesion molecules in the dermis to immunologically mediated cutaneous inflammation can be understood by focusing on a serendipitous phenomenon: a lack of dermatitis within the margins of a nevus anemicus (NA) in generalized contact dermatitis. The expression and induction of endothelial and epithelial adhesion molecules with intradermally injected cytokines were investigated. OBSERVATIONS: Nevus anemicus without dermatitis lacked histopathological changes consistent with inflammatory cellular infiltration...

Rosin has a complex chemical composition. The aim of this study was to investigate if it is possible to define 1 or 2 compounds as the rosin allergens. 2 compounds, 13, 14(beta)-epoxyabietic acid and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid, identified in gum rosin and tall oil rosin, were used as screening substances for patch testing in addition to the standard series. The rosin patch detected more cases of contact allergy than the isolated allergens did. Our suggestion is to patch test with a preparation of gum rosin, as well-defined as possible, for screening...

BACKGROUND: Patients often tell about reduced effectiveness of topical steroids on repeated use. Tachyphylaxis to these agents has been demonstrated in humans for vasoconstriction and histamine-induced wheal suppression in normal skin, but not in diseased skin. Relevance of these data to diseased skin is not clear. Further, the clinical impression does not appear to match tachyphylaxis shown in normal skin with regard to the time course. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether tachyphylaxis to histamine-induced wheal suppression by a topical steroid occurs in dermatitic skin and to determine its time course vis-à-vis normal skin...

The potential of isoeugenol, an important fragrance and flavour ingredient, to induce delayed contact hypersensitivity or to elicit pre-existing sensitization reactions in man was evaluated by analysing patch-test data from dermatitic and non-dermatitic subjects. Results from a total of 6512 patch tests (involving approximately 5850 subjects) on isoeugenol alone and on various consumer products and fragrance blends containing isoeugenol, were collected from fragrance and formulator companies. Hypersensitivity induced by isoeugenol was concentration dependent...

The potential for cinnamic aldehyde, an important fragrance and flavour ingredient, to induce or to elicit delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions in man was evaluated by analysing patch-test data. Results of studies involving a total of 4117 patch tests on various consumer products and fragrance blends containing cinnamic aldehyde and on the material itself were collected from fragrance and formulator companies. The data indicate that cinnamic aldehyde contained in consumer products and fragrance blends at concentrations up to 6 X 10(-1)%, and patch-tested at concentrations up to 8 X 10(-3)%, has no detectable potential to induce hypersensitivity...

The skin irritant properties of both the juice expressed from the ripe berries and the slimy mucilage present in the rhizomes of black bryony (Tamus communis L.) were investigated. The dermatitis produced on human skin after gently rubbing in either the berry juice or the rhizome mucilage was found in both cases to be a result of mechanical irritation, being produced by penetration of the skin by minute needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate. Scanning electron micrographs supporting this conclusion are presented...

Seven patients are described who developed acute allergic contact dermatitis after using Eucerin cream on previously dermatitic skin for periods of time varying from 5 weeks to 2 years. Eucerin was preserved with 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (BNPD) in 1978 to assist in controlling a problem with Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination. All of our patients were BNPD and Eucerin patch test-positive. None of them was allergic to formaldehyde or to any other preservative known to be a formaldehyde donor. This was in contrast to other BNPD and other formaldehyde-releaser--sensitive patients we saw in 1979-1980, who often had positive patch test reactions throughout this group of preservatives...

Experimental dermo-epidermal separation by suction was performed on primary irritant dermatitic and normal symmetrical skin areas. Primary irritant dermatitis was induced by 24-hour patch tests with an aqueous 10% benzalconium chloride solution in 12 healthy volunteers. PGE1 activity in the epidermis, dermis and blister exudate was measured by a radioimmuno assay technique. The mean values in the epidermis (blister roof) was 1.57 ng/mg dry weight, dermis (blister base) 0.08 ng/mg dry weight and suction exudate (blister base) 0...

Since storage-time of administered noradrenaline in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis may be prolonged, it would be of interest to demonstrate the site of uptake of noradrenaline-(14)C in atopic dermatitis as compared with other eczematous and normal skins. Two adult patients with longstanding atopic dermatitis, a patient with contact dermatitis to nickel and one with normal skin, were studied. Identical sites in the four patients were injected intradermally with 0.02 mug. DL-noradrenaline-7-(14)C acetate...

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