arabidopsis OR rice

Drought has a significant impact on rice yield by restricting the crop's ability to grow and develop. Producing rice cultivars adapted to water deficit conditions is still the main interest of rice breeders and geneticists. To address this challenge, a set of 413 highly diverse rice populations were evaluated under normal and water deficit conditions for two growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. High genetic variation was found among genotypes for all studied traits. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.82 (panicle length) to 0...

Proposed mechanisms of zoonotic virus spillover often posit that wildlife transmission and amplification precede human outbreaks. Between 2006 and 2012, the palm Raphia farinifera, a rich source of dietary minerals for wildlife, was nearly extirpated from Budongo Forest, Uganda. Since then, chimpanzees, black-and-white colobus, and red duiker were observed feeding on bat guano, a behavior not previously observed. Here we show that guano consumption may be a response to dietary mineral scarcity and may expose wildlife to bat-borne viruses...

A large amount of agricultural waste causes global environmental pollution. Biogas production by microbial pretreatment is an important way to utilize agricultural waste resources. In this study, Sporocytophaga CG-1 (A, cellulolytic strain) was co-cultured with Bacillus clausii HP-1 (B, non-cellulolytic strain) to analyze the effect of pretreatment of rice straw on methanogenic capacity of anaerobic digestion (AD). The results showed that weight loss rate of filter paper of co-culture combination is 53.38%, which is 29...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In this review, we highlight studies where whole genome sequencing, comparative genomics and population genomics have provided unprecedented insights into past and ongoing pathogen evolution. These include new understanding of adaptive evolution of secretion systems and their effectors. We focus on Xanthomonas pathosystems that have seen intensive study and improved our understanding of pathogen emergence and evolution, particularly in the context of host specialization: citrus canker, bacterial blight of rice, and bacterial spot of tomato and pepper...

Biliverdin, a bile pigment hydrolyzed from heme by heme oxygenase (HO), serves multiple functions in the human body, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune response inhibitory activities. Biliverdin has great potential as a clinical drug; however, no economic and efficient production method is available currently. Therefore, the production of biliverdin by the biotransformation of exogenous heme using recombinant HO-expressing yeast cells was studied in this research. First, the heme oxygenase-1 gene (HO1) encoding the inducible plastidic isozyme from Arabidopsis thaliana, with the plastid transport peptide sequence removed, was recombined into Pichia pastoris GS115 cells...

Biochar modified by metal ions-particularly Mg-is typically used for the effective recovery of phosphorous. In this study, MgO-modified biochars were synthesized via the direct co-pyrolysis of MgO and raw materials such as rice straw, corn straw, Camellia oleifera shells, and branches from garden waste, which were labeled as MRS, MCS, MOT, and MGW, respectively. The resulting phosphate (PO) adsorption capacities and potential adsorption mechanisms were analyzed. The PO adsorption capacities of the biochars were significantly improved after the modification with MgO: MRS (24...

Interactions between microorganisms and plants can stimulate plant growth and promote nitrogen cycling. Nitrogen fertilizers are routinely used in agriculture to improve crop growth and yield; however, poor use efficiency impairs the optimal utilization of such fertilizers. Differences in the microbial diversity and plant growth of rice soil under different nitrogen application conditions and the expression of nitrogen-use efficiency-related genes have not been previously investigated. Therefore, this study investigates how nitrogen application and nitrogen-use efficiency-related gene NRT1...

Bioassay with insect herbivore is a common approach to studying plant defense levels. While measuring insect growth rate as a negative indicator of plant defense levels is simple and straightforward, analyzing more detailed feeding behavior parameters of insects, such as feeding rates, leaf area consumed per feeding event, intervals between feeding events, and spatiotemporal patterns of feeding sites on leaves, is more informative. However, such observations are generally time consuming and labor-intensive...

The proportion and area of ratoon rice planting in China have been substantially increased, due to continuous improvement of rice breeding methods and consecutive innovation of cultivation technology, which has developed into one of rice planting modes with significant production efficiency. Combining the experience in research and practice, from the perspective of crop physiology and ecology, we reviewed the current situation and prospects of high-yielding formation and physiological mechanisms of ratoon rice...

The construction of a yield loss evaluation index for the cold vortex type light-temperature-water composite adversity during rice flowering period in Northeast China is important for elucidating the impacts of cold vortex type composite disasters on rice yield loss in middle and high latitude areas. Moreover, it can provide meteorological support to ensure safe production of high-quality japonica rice in China and contribute to regional disaster reduction and efficiency improvement. By combining growth period data, meteorological data, and yield data, we delineated and constructed the composite stress occurrence index of cold vortex type light-temperature-water at the flowering stage of japonica...

In the search for novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides to control Rhizoctonia solani , thirty-five novel pyrazole-4-carboxamides bearing either an oxime ether or an oxime ester group were designed and prepared based on the strategy of molecular hybridization, and their antifungal activities against five plant pathogenic fungi were also investigated. The results indicated that the majority of the compounds containing oxime ether demonstrated outstanding in vitro antifungal activity against R...

Plants growing with neighbors compete for light and consequently increase the growth of their vegetative organs to enhance access to sunlight. This response, called shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), involves photoreceptors such as phytochromes as well as phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs), which regulate the expression of growth-mediating genes. Numerous cell wall-related genes belong to the putative targets of PIFs, and the importance of cell wall modifications for enabling growth was extensively shown in developmental models such as dark-grown hypocotyl...

Functional annotation based on Gene Ontology has provided a structured and comprehensive system to access the current knowledge about the function of genes. For model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana , there is a constant updating and restructuring of the functional annotation that increases the reliability of the analyses that use it. For tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), a crop widely used as a model plant for the study of fleshy fruits, there is no functional annotation, at least not freely accessible, even though its genome has long been sequenced and annotated...

Distilled soju , a Korean traditional alcoholic beverage, is produced by fermenting rice with a variety of microorganisms including molds, yeasts, and lactic acid-producing bacteria, followed by distillation. Our study sought to improve the quality of distilled soju through co-fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Wickerhamomyces anomalus , known for producing volatile aromatic compounds during the early stages of fermentation. Analysis of volatile aromatic compounds in co-fermented distilled soju revealed a substantial increase in compounds with boiling points below 200 °C...

In this investigation, cellulose-degrading fungi and bacteria were isolated from different partially decomposed cellulose-rich substrates, such as groundnut residues, rice straw, and rotten wood, following dilution plating techniques on carboxymethyl cellulose agar media and screening for potential cellulose degradation ability. The development of a clear halo zone surrounding the microbial colonies during the initial screening process using the Congo red test (20 isolates) suggested cellulose hydrolysis, and the highest cellulase production activity was implied by the isolates with the largest clear zone ratio (9 isolates)...

UNLABELLED: The present study was carried out to investigate the physio-biochemical and molecular responses of two rice genotypes (Noichi and N22) under drought, heat and combined drought/heat stress conditions. The antagonistic stomatal activity was found under the combined stress conditions; stomata were open under control and heat stress, conversely, stomata remained closed under drought and combined stress levels. Photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content are decreased by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and increased lipid peroxidation in both rice genotypes...

A Cucurbita pepo mutant with multiple defects in growth and development has been identified and characterized. The mutant dwfcp displayed a dwarf phenotype with dark green and shrinking leaves, shortened internodes and petioles, shorter but thicker roots and greater root biomass, and reduced fertility. The causal mutation of the phenotype was found to disrupt gene Cp4.1LG17g04540 , the squash orthologue of the Arabidopsis brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis gene DWF5 , encoding for 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase...

Plant-specific VQ proteins have crucial functions in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as in plant abiotic stress responses. Their roles have been well established in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana ; however, the functions of the potato VQ proteins have not been adequately investigated. The VQ protein core region contains a short FxxhVQxhTG amino acid motif sequence. In this study, the VQ31 protein from potato was cloned and functionally characterized. The complete open reading frame (ORF) size of StVQ31 is 672 bp, encoding 223 amino acids...