keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26084476/a-systematic-review-on-effect-of-canagliflozin-in-special-population
#21
REVIEW
Sanket Patel, Kalpesh Gohel, Bharat Gordhanbhai Patel
Canagliflozin is a competitive, reversible, highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor and available in 100mg and 300mg as oral tablet form. Owing to this, it induced glucosuria and cause changes in glucose homeostasis without affecting insulin. This review addressed the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in a specialized patients such as chronic kidney disease (stage III CKD), high risk cardiovascular patient and elderly population. Canagliflozin has reduced HbA1c in all the specialized population, albeit reduction is less as compared to the normal cohort...
2016: Current Diabetes Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26069067/-sclerostin-a-new-biomarker-of-interest-in-nephrology
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Solenne Pelletier, Guillaume Jean, Denis Fouque
Sclerostin is an osteocyte-specific glycoprotein secreted by the osteocyte and involved in the regulation of bone mass. High sclerostin levels are associated with osteoporosis, whereas low sclerostin levels are correlated with higher bone mineral density. It seems interesting to investigate a potential association between sclerostin levels and vascular calcifications since sclerostin is considered as a potent inhibitor of bone formation. In chronic kidney disease, serum sclerostin levels rise as renal function declines...
May 2015: Annales de Biologie Clinique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26050118/the-potential-use-of-antisclerostin-therapy-in-chronic-kidney-disease-mineral-and-bone-disorder
#23
REVIEW
Aline G Costa, John P Bilezikian, E Michael Lewiecki
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sclerostin is a regulator of the osteoanabolic canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and thus helps to govern rates of bone formation. The Wnt pathway is also recognized as playing an important role in the pathophysiology of the chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). It also may serve as an interface between bone and the vascular system. Pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin has shown promise as an osteoanabolic approach to the treatment of osteoporosis...
July 2015: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26050117/fractures-in-chronic-kidney-disease-pursuing-the-best-screening-and-management
#24
REVIEW
Patrícia T Goldenstein, Sophie A Jamal, Rosa M A Moysés
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Osteoporotic fractures are common and cause increased sickness and death. Men and women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at particularly high risk of osteoporotic fractures. Currently, however, there are no guidelines concerning noninvasive methods to assess fracture risk in CKD. Further, approved treatments to prevent fractures in otherwise healthy men and women are only recommended for use with caution in those with CKD. This review focuses on the recent data that support the use of noninvasive methods to assess fracture risk in CKD and highlights new therapies that could be used in fracture prevention in CKD...
July 2015: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26011289/renal-function-and-bone-loss-in-a-cohort-of-afro-caribbean-men
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allison L Kuipers, Heartley Egwuogu, Rhobert W Evans, Alan L Patrick, Ada Youk, Clareann H Bunker, Joseph M Zmuda
Poor renal function is associated with increased rates of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures in Caucasian men. The importance of kidney function for skeletal health in African ancestry men, who are a population segment with a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease as well as high peak bone mass, is not well known. We examined the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and rates of bone loss in a large population cohort of otherwise healthy Afro-Caribbean men aged 40 years and older...
December 2015: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25843705/teriparatide-and-bone-turnover-and-formation-in-a-hemodialysis-patient-with-low-turnover-bone-disease-a-case-report
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patricia Palcu, Natalie Dion, Louis-Georges Ste-Marie, David Goltzman, Ina Radziunas, Paul D Miller, Sophie A Jamal
Teriparatide, a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone, is an anabolic agent approved for use in women and men with osteoporosis. However, it is not well studied in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We report on a patient with stage 5 CKD treated with dialysis who presented to our clinic with multiple fractures, including bilateral nondisplaced pelvic fractures resulting in chronic pain and interfering with the patient's ability to work. Bone histomorphometry demonstrated low-turnover bone disease, and he was treated with 20μg of teriparatide (subcutaneous injection) every morning for 24 months...
June 2015: American Journal of Kidney Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25838468/high-parathyroid-hormone-level-and-osteoporosis-predict-progression-of-coronary-artery-calcification-in-patients-on-dialysis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hartmut H Malluche, Gustav Blomquist, Marie-Claude Monier-Faugere, Thomas L Cantor, Daniel L Davenport
Coronary artery calcifications (CACs) are observed in most patients with CKD on dialysis (CKD-5D). CACs frequently progress and are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events, the major cause of death in these patients. A link between bone and vascular calcification has been shown. This prospective study was designed to identify noninvasive tests for predicting CAC progression, including measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and novel bone markers in adult patients with CKD-5D. At baseline and after 1 year, patients underwent routine blood tests and measurement of CAC, BMD, and novel serum bone markers...
October 2015: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25800319/clinicopathological-phenotype-of-parathyroid-carcinoma-therapeutic-and-prognostic-aftermaths
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M R Diaconescu, M Glod, I Costea, M Grigorovici, S Diaconescu
Parathyroid carcinomas (PC) are rare and "devastating"€ causes of hyperparathyroidism (HP), frequently discovered fortuitously,with not always doubtless pathological confirmation, and dissociate post-therapeutic outcomes and prognosis even after well-performed surgery. We herein report four PT neoplasms,three of them proving to be authentic PCs, and one an atypical parathyroid adenoma. There were three females and one male, aged 32-49 (mean 44) years. In three circumstances PC was associated with primary HP and in one case the tumor had developed on a CKD-BMD (renal HP) background...
January 2015: Chirurgia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25790847/hypocalcemia-post-denosumab-in-patients-with-chronic-kidney-disease-stage-4-5
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vatsa Dave, Cherie Y Chiang, Jane Booth, Peter F Mount
BACKGROUND: Denosumab, a RANK-ligand inhibitor, is an effective treatment for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men. Unlike the bisphosphonates, it is not excreted by the kidney. Little is known, however, about its efficacy and safety in patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in CKD 4-5D patients from a tertiary referral hospital who were treated with denosumab between 1st January 2011 and 31st March 2014...
2015: American Journal of Nephrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25758353/how-to-predict-and-treat-increased-fracture-risk-in-chronic-kidney-disease
#30
REVIEW
S L West, P Patel, S A Jamal
Men and women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of fracture, and this risk increases as kidney function deteriorates. Fractures are associated with morbidity, mortality and economic costs. Despite this, there is a paucity of data regarding how to evaluate risk for fractures in CKD and how to treat high-risk patients. Evidence suggests that bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is associated with fractures and can also predict future fractures in predialysis (stages 1-3) patients with CKD...
July 2015: Journal of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25744703/bone-imaging-and-fracture-risk-assessment-in-kidney-disease
#31
REVIEW
Sophie A Jamal, Thomas L Nickolas
Fractures are more common and are associated with greater morbidity and morality in patients with kidney disease than in members of the general population. Thus, it is troubling that in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients there has been a paradoxical increase in fracture rates over the past 20 years compared to the general population. Increased fracture incidence in CKD patients may be driven in part by the lack of screening for fracture risk. In the general population, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the clinical standard to stratify fracture risk, and its use has contributed to decreases in fracture incidence...
June 2015: Current Osteoporosis Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25655423/comparison-of-fracture-risk-prediction-among-individuals-with-reduced-and-normal-kidney-function
#32
MULTICENTER STUDY
Kyla L Naylor, Amit X Garg, Guangyong Zou, Lisa Langsetmo, William D Leslie, Lisa-Ann Fraser, Jonathan D Adachi, Suzanne Morin, David Goltzman, Brian Lentle, Stuart A Jackson, Robert G Josse, Sophie A Jamal
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is widely used to predict the 10-year probability of fracture; however, the clinical utility of FRAX in CKD is unknown. This study assessed the predictive ability of FRAX in individuals with reduced kidney function compared with individuals with normal kidney function. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: The discrimination and calibration (defined as the agreement between observed and predicted values) of FRAX were examined using data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos)...
April 7, 2015: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25643126/pathophysiology-and-treatment-of-nonfamilial-hyperparathyroidism
#33
REVIEW
Franco Lumachi, Stefano M M Basso
Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is the main cause of hypercalcemia and the most common parathyroid glands disease. The diagnosis is easy in patients with hypercalcemia and elevated PTH serum level. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (PTx) represents the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients, leading to several advantages, including immediate normalization of hypercalcemia and significant improvement of bone mineral density, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neuropsychological symptoms and quality of life...
2014: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25477230/low-bone-mineral-density-and-fractures-in-stages-3-5-ckd-an-updated-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#34
REVIEW
R C Bucur, D D Panjwani, L Turner, T Rader, S L West, S A Jamal
SUMMARY: The utility of bone mineral density (BMD) testing in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not known. We performed a meta-analysis of studies reporting on BMD and fracture in CKD. All but one study was cross-sectional. BMD was lower in those with CKD and fractures compared to those without fractures. INTRODUCTION: CKD is associated with an increased risk of fracture. The utility of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess fracture risk in CKD is unknown...
February 2015: Osteoporosis International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25400209/bone-mineral-density-predicts-fractures-in-chronic-kidney-disease
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah L West, Charmaine E Lok, Lisa Langsetmo, Angela M Cheung, Eva Szabo, Dawn Pearce, Maria Fusaro, Ron Wald, Jordan Weinstein, Sophie A Jamal
Fractures are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The optimal methods by which to assess fracture risk are unknown, in part, due to a lack of prospective studies. We determined if bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and/or high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) could predict fractures in men and women ≥18 years old with stages 3 to 5 CKD. BMD was measured by DXA (at the total hip, lumbar spine, ultradistal, and 1/3 radius) and by HRpQCT (at the radius), and subjects were followed for 2 years for incident morphometric spine fractures and low-trauma clinical fractures...
May 2015: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25382402/long-term-cholecalciferol-administration-in-hemodialysis-patients-a-single-center-randomized-pilot-study
#36
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Mariusz Mieczkowski, Paweł Żebrowski, Ewa Wojtaszek, Tomasz Stompór, Jerzy Przedlacki, Zbigniew Bartoszewicz, Janusz Sierdziński, Zofia Wańkowicz, Stanisław Niemczyk, Joanna Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska
BACKGROUND: Data on the potent pleiotropic extraskeletal effects of vitamin D have renewed interest in its use in selected populations, including patients with chronic kidney disease, but the available data are still insufficient to make recommendations. This study assessed the long-term effect of small cholecalciferol doses on serum vitamin D, parathormone (PTH), and bone mineral density (BMD) in hemodialysis patients. MATERIAL/METHODS: Nineteen patients with serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL were randomized into cholecalciferol (2000 IU 3×/week) and no-treatment groups, then observed for 1 year...
2014: Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25355145/-updates-on-lifestyle-related-diseases-and-bone-metabolism-increase-in-bone-fragility-from-the-viewpoint-of-bone-structural-properties
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masako Ito, Ko Chiba
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal disease (CKD) show the dissociation between their bone mineral density (BMD) and their fracture risk. High-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT) contributes to investigate the deterioration of structural properties in these diseases. In type2 DM, the increase in cortical porosity account for its high fracture risk. In CKD, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is anabolic in trabecular bone and catabolic in cortical bone, which produces complicated bone feature. If hyperparathyroidism is severe, cortical thinning and increased cortical porosity appear in the compact bone, and irregular thickened trabeculae and dissecting intra-trabecular resorption appear in the cancellous bone...
November 2014: Clinical Calcium
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25354654/risk-factors-for-fracture-among-current-persistent-users-of-bisphosphonates
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E S LeBlanc, A G Rosales, A Balasubramanian, C D O'Malley, O Egbuna, D Friess, N A Perrin
SUMMARY: Bisphosphonate therapy reduces fracture risk but does not eliminate fracture occurrence. We determined the fracture incidence and risk factors for fractures among 14,674 bisphosphonate users in a community setting. Bisphosphonate users remained at risk of fracture, and additional measures to prevent fractures in these patients would be beneficial. INTRODUCTION: Bisphosphonate therapy reduces but does not eliminate fracture occurrence. The incidence of fracture and risk factors for fractures among persistent, current users of bisphosphonates in a community setting have not been well studied...
February 2015: Osteoporosis International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25187117/decreased-cortical-thickness-as-estimated-by-a-newly-developed-ultrasound-device-as-a-risk-for-vertebral-fracture-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-patients-with-egfr-of-less-than-60-ml-min-1-73-m2
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T Mishima, K Motoyama, Y Imanishi, K Hamamoto, Y Nagata, S Yamada, N Kuriyama, Y Watanabe, M Emoto, M Inaba
UNLABELLED: Cortical porosity is increasingly recognized as an important risk for fracture in DM patients. The present study demonstrated that decreased cortical thickness, assessed using a newly developed quantitative ultrasonic bone densitometry, is a significant risk factor for vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with stage 3 or higher chronic kidney disease, but not in those without. INTRODUCTION: Cortical porosity is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for fracture in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients as well as in stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in whom serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) starts to increase...
January 2015: Osteoporosis International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25118597/sclerostin-blood-levels-before-and-after-kidney-transplantation
#40
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Marco Bonani, Daniel Rodriguez, Thomas Fehr, Nilufar Mohebbi, Jens Brockmann, Markus Blum, Nicole Graf, Diana Frey, Rudolf P Wüthrich
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sclerostin is secreted by osteocytes. As a circulating inhibitor of the Wnt-signaling pathway it inhibits bone formation and contributes to the development of osteoporosis. Sclerostin levels are elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Since data for patients after kidney transplantation are scarce, we have prospectively measured sclerostin levels before and during the first year after renal transplantation and have examined the association of sclerostin with parameters of bone mineral metabolism and with bone mineral density...
2014: Kidney & Blood Pressure Research
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