gastric tumours

INTRODUCTION: Methylated circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) blood tests for BCAT1/IKZF1 (COLVERA) and SEPT9 (Epi proColon) are used to detect colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are no ctDNA assays approved for other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. We aimed to characterize BCAT1, IKZF1 and SEPT9 methylation in different gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and non-gastrointestinal tumours to determine if these validated CRC biomarkers might be useful for pan-gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma detection...

Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious malignant tumour with a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a crucial regulatory role in cancer progression. However, the exact role of m6A regulatory factors FTO in GC is unclear. First, the expression of m6A methylation-related regulatory factors in clinical samples and the clinical data of the corresponding patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-STAD) dataset, and correlation analysis between FTO expression and patient clinicopathological parameters was subsequently performed...

INTRODUCTION: Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a significant concern among patients with malignant diseases, leading to increased mortality. While current guidelines recommend primary thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medium-to-high-risk outpatients, this practice remains controversial. A better understanding of primary thromboprophylaxis is crucial, yet there is a lack of Real-World Evidence (RWE) in Portugal. AIMS: This RWE study aimed to elucidate primary thromboprophylaxis practices among cancer outpatients in Portugal...

INTRODUCTION: Accurate baseline clinical staging is critical to inform treatment decision-making for patients with gastric cancers. Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the most common form of metastasis in gastric cancer and mainly diagnosed by diagnostic laparoscopy and peritoneal lavage evaluation. However, diagnostic laparoscopy is invasive and less cost-effective. It is urgent to develop a safe, fast and non-invasive functional imaging method to verify the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer...

Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a subtype of gastric cancer that is prone to peritoneal dissemination, with poor patient prognosis. Although intercellular adhesion loss between cancer cells is a major characteristic of DGCs, the mechanism underlying the alteration in cell-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion is unclear. We investigated how DGCs progress and cause peritoneal dissemination through interactions between DGC cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). p53 knockout and KRASG12V -expressing (GAN-KP) cells and Cdh1-deleted GAN-KP (GAN-KPC) cells were orthotopically transplanted into the gastric wall to mimic peritoneal dissemination...

BACKGROUND: Advances in perioperative chemotherapy have improved outcomes in patients with gastric cancers (GC). This strategy leads to tumour downstaging and may result in a pathologic complete response (pCR). The study aimed to evaluate the predictors of pCR and determine the impact of pCR on long-term survival. METHODS: At the Department of Gastrointestinal and HPB Oncology at the Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 1001 consecutive patients with locally advanced GCs undergoing radical resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy from January 2005 to June 2022 were included...

INTRODUCTION: EndoTrac is a line-attached sheath-type traction device that enables us to control the direction and the force of traction during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The efficacy of EndoTrac for gastric ESD has not been fully verified. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The G-Trac study is a multicentre (nine general hospitals and two university hospitals in Japan) collaborative trial assessing the efficacy of EndoTrac for gastric ESDs. Patients with superficial gastric neoplasms will be enrolled and randomly assigned to undergo either conventional ESD or EndoTrac ESD...

BACKGROUND: Increased lactate levels and metastasis in tumours are strongly associated with dismal outcomes. But prognostic value of lactate metabolism and transport-related lncRNAs in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) patients remains unaddressed. METHODS: Gene expression data of GA were provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Lactate metabolism and transport-related gene data were accessed from GSEA. LncRNAs related to lactate metabolism and transport were identified by correlation analysis...

In this study, the effects of vitamin D3 (Vit. D) and a stinging nettle [ Urtica dioica  L. (UD)] extract were examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods in the stomach tissues of an experimentally created rat model of Crohn's disease (CD). The CD model was created using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The animals in the study were divided into control, TNBS, TNBS+Vit. D, and TNBS+UD groups. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanised and their stomach tissues were evaluated for necrosis, degeneration, apoptosis, and inflammation...

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OBJECTIVE: Genomic studies of gastric cancer have identified highly recurrent genomic alterations impacting RHO signalling, especially in the diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) histological subtype. Among these alterations are interchromosomal translations leading to the fusion of the adhesion protein CLDN18 and RHO regulator ARHGAP26. It remains unclear how these fusion constructs impact the activity of the RHO pathway and what is their broader impact on gastric cancer development. Herein, we developed a model to allow us to study the function of this fusion protein in the pathogenesis of DGC and to identify potential therapeutic targets for DGC tumours with these alterations...

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia is an important characteristic of gastric mucosal diseases, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) contributes to microenvironment disturbance and metabolic spectrum abnormalities. However, the underlying mechanism of HIF-1α and its association with mitochondrial dysfunction in gastric mucosal lesions under hypoxia have not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α on the development of gastric mucosal lesions...

Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs) display peculiar site-specific features among all NENs. Their incidence and prevalence have been rising in the past few decades. gNENs comprise gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas (gNECs) and gastric neuroendocrine tumours (gNETs), the latter further classified into three types. Type I anatype II gNETs are gastrin-dependent and develop in chronic atrophic gastritis and as part of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome within a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1), respectively...

BACKGROUND: Stroma AReactive Invasion Front Areas (SARIFA) is a novel prognostic histopathologic biomarker measured at the invasive front in haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stained colon and gastric cancer resection specimens. The aim of the current study was to validate the prognostic relevance of SARIFA-status in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and investigate its association with the luminal proportion of tumour (PoT). METHODS: We established the SARIFA-status in 164 CRC resection specimens...

Krukenberg tumours are a rare form of metastatic tumours of the ovary. They primary site is usually the gastro-intestinal system with the most common being gastric cancer. We present the case of a 35-year-old female coming in with a large pelvi-abdominal mass for investigation. This pelvic mass showed mild to moderate metabolic activity. 18F-FDG PET-CT was able to identify the primary gastric carcinoma. Subsequent histopathology confirmed this to be gastric adenocarcinoma with metastases to the ovary.

Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a rare disease with an annual incidence of 10 cases per million. Herein, we present the case of a 45-year-old man who visited our clinic with complaints of weight loss and anorexia, without changes in bowel habits or vomiting, for four months. On physical examination, all vital signs were normal. The abdomen was distended without tenderness and had a giant upper abdominal mass. Tumour marker investigation revealed high levels of cancer antigen 125 with normal levels of alpha-1-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen...

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a heterogeneous nature, which makes prognosis prediction and treatment determination difficult. Inflammation is now recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer and plays an important role in the aetiology and continued growth of tumours. Inflammation also affects the prognosis of GC patients. Recent reports suggest that a number of inflammatory-related biomarkers are useful for predicting tumour prognosis. However, the importance of inflammatory-related biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of GC patients is still unclear...

BACKGROUND: CALD1 has been discovered to be abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, including gastric cancer (GC), and is associated with tumor progression and immune infiltration; however, the roles and mechanisms of CALD1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC are unknown. AIM: To investigate the role and mechanism of CALD1 in GC progression, invasion, and migration. METHODS: In this study, the relationship between CALD1 and GC, as well as the possible network regulatory mechanisms of CALD1, was investigated by bioinformatics and validated by experiments...

The increasing popularity of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as a treatment for early gastric cancer has highlighted the importance of quality assessment in achieving curative resections. This article emphasizes the significance of evaluating ESD quality, not only for curative cases but also for non-curative ones. Postoperative assessment relies on the endoscopic curability (eCura) classification, but management strategies for eCuraC-1 tumour with a positive horizontal margin are unclear. Current research primarily focuses on comparing additional surgical procedures in high-risk patients, while studies specifically targeting eCuraC-1 patients are limited...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare tumour associated with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and occasionally occurs independently. It typically affects skin, bone, lymph nodes, and rarely the gastrointestinal tract, with gastric cases being extremely rare. Notably, no reported instances associate pseudoachalasia with gastric myeloid sarcoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old male presented with severe dysphagia, refractory vomiting, and weight loss...