Doping

Luminescent organometallic complexes of earth-abundant copper(I) have long been studied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). Particularly, Cu(I)-based carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes have recently emerged as promising organometallic emitters. However, blue-emitting Cu(I) CMA complexes have been rarely reported. Here we constructed two blue-emitting Cu(I) CMA emitters, MAC*-Cu-CF3Cz and MAC*-Cu-2CF3Cz, by introducing one or two CF3- substitutes into carbazole ligands. Both complexes exhibited high thermal stability and blue emission colors...

BACKGROUND: 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a chemotherapy drug mainly used to treat leukemia. It is a persistent organic pollutant and can remain in the environment for a long period of time. The presence of 6-MP in the environment poses a number of hazards and needs to be assessed to monitor its potential risk to human health and the environment. However, due to its trace amount in complicated matrices, a clean-up and preconcentration step before its determination is compulsory. RESULTS: As a highly efficient adsorbent for the extrication of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), a novel carbon nanotube doped with camphor: decanoic acid deep eutectic solvent was synthesized and applied as a packing material for the pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction sorbent of 6-MP from tap, wastewater and seawater samples before its spectrophotometric determination...

In this study, the feasibility of using hydrochars as anodic doping materials in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was investigated. The feedstock used for hydrochar synthesis was metal-polluted plant biomass from an abandoned mining site. The hydrochar obtained was activated by pyrolysis at 500 °C in N2 atmosphere. Under steady state conditions, the current exerted by the MFCs, as well as the cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves, showed that the activated hydrochar-doped anodes exhibited the best performance in terms of power and current density generation, 0...

BACKGROUND: Systematic doping programs like in the GDR were applied in adolescent competitive athletes to induce supramaximal athletic performance. The substances had adverse somatic and psychological effects. The psychological development of the young athletes was impaired and they suffered in adulthood from long-term effects and secondary diseases even years after the doping period. METHOD: The study compared three groups: competitive athletes with doping (I), competitive athletes without doping (II) and persons with no sports activities (III)...

Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential, emphasizing the critical need to develop efficient elimination methods. Electrocatalytic N2 O reduction reaction (N2 ORR) stands out as a promising approach, offering room temperature conversion of N2 O to N2 without the production of NO x byproducts. In this study, we present the synthesis of a copper-based single-atom catalyst featuring atomic Cu on nitrogen-doped carbon black (Cu1 -NCB). Attributed to the highly dispersed single-atom Cu sites and the effective suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction, Cu1 -NCB demonstrated an optimal N2 faradaic efficiency (82...

To prevent athletes from unintentional doping, the anti-doping authorities in Taiwan have launched several sports-prohibited substances inquiry services since 2008. This study aimed to enhance the prevention of sports-prohibited substance misuse by analyzing data collected from major nationwide service systems, enabling the identification of trends in athletes' exposure to drugs and prohibited substances. The study collected over 30,000 data points from three major national anti-doping inquiry systems, spanning from 2008 to 2022...

Athletes, both amateur and professional, often resort to the consumption of nutritional supplements without professional supervision and without being aware of the risks they may entail. We conducted an exhaustive literature search to determine the most common substances found as contaminants in dietary supplements. For each substance, we analyzed its mechanism of action, clinical indication, health risk, and putative use as doping agent. In addition, we evaluated the current regulation of these supplements...

The value of Curie temperature (T$_{C}$) and resistivity for \ce{Ca_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Ru_{1-x}Cr_{x}O_{3}} are found to increase with increase in x from 0 to 0.1. The T$_{C}$ increases from 38 K to 107 K. In this work, we investigate the increment using spin polarised density functional theory. The compounds exhibit Griffiths phase. Our results show that to understand the behaviour of the increase in T$_{C}$, it is important to consider not only the competing super exchange and super-super exchange interactions between Ru/Cr-Ru/Cr ion pairs but also the increment in the value of the magnetic moment due to the localized character of the dopant (Cr) ion...

Artificial bone graft with osteoconductivity, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation is promising clinical therapeutics for the reluctant healing process of bone defects. Among various osteogenic substitutes, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a quit competitive platform due to its easy deployment to the bone defects with irregular shape and biomimetic mechanical properties. However, the biologically inert essence of PMMA is reliant on the passive osseointegration and cannot provide sufficient biologic cues to induce fast bone repair...

Excessive discharge of nitrogen-containing chemical products into the natural water environment leads to the serious environmental problem of nitrate-nitrogen pollution, threatening the ecological balance and human health. In this study, we propose an efficient denitrification electrochemical method utilizing iron-doped zeolite imidazolium framework derived defective nitrogen-doped carbon (d-FeNC) catalysts. The d-FeNC catalyst exhibited 97 % nitrate removal efficiency and 94 % total nitrogen (TN) removal, and the reaction rate constant was increased from 0...

Enhancing the synergistic interplay between adsorption and catalytic oxidation to amplify Fenton-like effects remains a pivotal challenge in advancing water pollution remediation strategies. In this study, a suite of novel carriers (SH) composed of silica (SiO2 ) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) in different ratios were synthesized through an amalgamation of the sol-gel and co-precipitation techniques. Notably, various forms of copper (Cu) species, including Cu2+ ions and Cu nanoclusters (Cu NCs), could be stably incorporated onto the SH surface via meticulous loading and doping techniques...

Photocatalysis is an effective method with the potential to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds from water sources. Manganese ferrite (MnFeO3 ), a type of multiferroic perovskite catalyst, has attracted significant attention due to its small band gap, however its application was limited due to its high recombination rate and low quantum efficiency. It was therefore aimed to improve the properties of MnFeO3 by doping silver (Ag)-particles. In this study, Ag-MnFeO3 photocatalysts with different Ag content (1-3 mmol%) were synthesized by performing a facile hydrothermal method...

A series of novel Eu3+ -activated Ba2 Gd2/3 TeO6 (BGT) phosphors were successfully synthesised via a high temperature solid state reaction method. The crystal structure analysis showed that Eu3+ -doped Ba2 Gd2/3 TeO6 double perovskite phosphors possess monoclinic symmetry with space group P 21 / n . The as-prepared phosphors can be efficiently excited by far-ultraviolet light to generate reddish orange luminescence of around 593 nm corresponding to the 5 D0 → 7 F1 transitions of Eu3+ ions. Gd3+ acts as a sensitizer for luminescence enhancement...

In this work, doping 3-amino-propyl triethoxysilane (APTES) into a perovskite precursor is proven to be an effective strategy, which can passivate crystal defects, control the crystallization rate, and improve the morphology. APTES can form oligomers through hydrolysis and a condensation reaction, thus blocking the invasion of external water molecules. In addition, the lone pair electrons on the N atom in the amino group of APTES form a coordination bond with perovskite by sharing the empty 6p orbital on Pb2+ , which can effectively passivate the defects of the film and realize a highly uniform and dense perovskite film with preferential crystal growth orientation...

Biomass reburning is an efficient and low-cost way to control nitric oxide (NO), and the abundant potassium (K) element in biomass affects the heterogeneous reaction between NO and biochar. Due to the incomplete simulation of the NO heterogeneous reduction reaction pathway at the molecular level and the unclear catalytic effect of K element in biochar, further research is needed on the possible next reaction and the influencing mechanism of the element. After the products of the existing reaction pathways are referenced, two reasonably simplified biochar structural models are selected as the basic reactants to study the microscopic mechanism for further NO heterogeneous reduction on the biochar surface before and after doping with the K atom based on density functional theory...

Supercapacitors offer notable properties as energy storage devices, providing high power density and fast charging and discharging while maintaining a long cycling lifetime. Although poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) has become a gold standard among organic electronics materials, researchers are still investigating ways to further improve its capacitive characteristics. In this work, we introduced Nafion as an alternative polymeric counterion to PSS to form highly capacitive PEDOT/Nafion; its advantageous supercapacitive properties were further improved by treatment with either dimethyl sulfoxide or ethylene glycol...

Mn-doped Bi3 O4 Br has been synthesized using a solvothermal route. The undoped Bi3 O4 Br and Mn-Bi3 O4 Br materials possess orthorhombic unit cells with two distinct Bi sites forming a layered atomic arrangement. The shift in the (020) plane in the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern confirms Mn-doping in the Bi3 O4 Br lattice. Elemental mapping indicated 7% Mn doping in the Bi3 O4 Br lattice structure. A core-level X-ray photoelectron study (XPS) indicates the presence of BiIII and MnII valence-states in Mn-Bi3 O4 Br...

The combination of small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing and chemotherapeutic agents for lung cancer treatment has attracted widespread attention in terms of a greater therapeutic effect, minimization of systemic toxicity, and inhibition of multiple drug resistance (MDR). In this work, three amphiphiles, CBN1 - CBN3 , were first designed and synthesized as a camptothecin (CPT) conjugate and gene condensation agents by the combination of CPT prodrugs and di(triazole-[12]aneN3 ) through the ROS-responsive phenylborate ester and different lengths of alkyl chains (with 6, 9, 12 carbon chains for CBN1 - CBN3 , respectively)...

Light-element-based fluorescent materials, colloidal graphene quantum dots, and carbon dots (CDs) have sparked an immense amount of scientific interest in the past decade. However, a significant challenge in practical applications has emerged concerning the development of solid-state fluorescence (SSF) materials. This study addresses this knowledge gap by exploring the unexplored photonic facets of C-based solid-state microphotonic emitters. The proposed synthesis approach focuses on carbonized polymer microspheres (CPMs) instead of conventional nanodots...

Electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation to ammonia (NH3 ), a precursor for fertilizer production and a promising energy carrier, has garnered widespread interest as an environment-friendly and sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive fossil-feedstock-dependent Haber-Bosch process. The large-scale deployment of this process is contingent on the identification of inexpensive, Earth-abundant systems that can operate efficiently, irrespective of the electrolyte pH for the selective production of NH3 . In this regard, we discuss the scalable synthesis of VO2 anchored on N-doped carbon (VO2@CN), and its applicability as a robust electrocatalyst for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR)...