Sinus infections and staph

BACKGROUND: Children with malignancies are vulnerable to various infections, including sinus infections. Sinusitis is primarily caused by bacterial infections, followed by fungal infections. Due to this, evaluating the occurrence, diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial species that cause paranasal sinus infections in children with malignancy and unexplained fever is important. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bacterial species accountable for sinusitis in children with malignancy and unexplained fever, and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics...

Staphylococcus aureus infection is the most common cause of osteomyelitis. Over 100,000 fungal species have been described; only 150 are pathogenic to humans. These opportunistic infections frequently enter the body due to a decrease in host defense or through an invasive gateway, such as a dental extraction or skin discontinuity due to trauma. Symptoms and radiological examination often mimic those of other etiologies, which can lead to substantial delays in treatment. Our case is a 13-year-old healthy boy with no history of immune incompetency who presented to us with complaints of pain and swelling over his left ankle and leg with an on-and-off history of fever for 15 days...

Children's and adults' rhinosinusitis are two diseases that have both similarities and differences in anatomy, epidemiology, causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. At the same rhinosinusitis is one of the most common in otorhinolaryngology's practice, both in children and adults. The of adults paranasal sinuses (PNS) anatomy differs from children's PNS anatomy. Although ostiomeatal complex occlusion is recognized as a major cause of poor ventilation and drainage of the adult paranasal sinuses, it does not have a strong effect on pediatric rhinosinusitis, but adenoids play a key role...

Brain abscess is a serious clinical condition caused by a localized collection of pus within the brain tissue. This typically occurs as a result of an infection that originates from a nearby area, such as an ear, sinus, or dental infection, or an infection in the bloodstream. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species are the most common organisms implicated in brain abscesses. Apart from aerobic growth, cases of mixed infections of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are also commonly reported in the literature...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial infection of the nasal cavity and sinuses. In this study, nasal swabs from control donors (N = 128) and patients with CRS (N = 246) were analysed. Culture methods and metagenomics revealed no obvious differences in the composition of the bacterial communities between the two groups. However, at the functional level, several metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in the CRS group compared to the control group. Pathways such as carbohydrate transport metabolism, ATP synthesis, cofactors and vitamins, photosynthesis and transcription were highly enriched in CRS...

INTRODUCTION: Acute mastoiditis is a serious condition that carries with it a high rate of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: This review highlights the pearls and pitfalls of mastoiditis, including the presentation, diagnosis, and management in the emergency department (ED) based on current evidence. DISCUSSION: Acute mastoiditis most commonly affects pediatric patients and is a suppurative infection of the mastoid air cells. It is often associated with otitis media, and common bacteria include Streptococcus and Staphylococcus...

OBJECTIVE: Sinus disease is prevalent in persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and may be a reservoir of airway infection in postlung transplant (pTx) patients. The microbial composition of cystic fibrosis sinuses and its associations with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is relatively unexplored. We aimed to examine the sinus and lower airway microbiome and their associations with CRS in PwCF and pTxPwCF. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective single-centre study. SETTING: A total of 31 sex and age (±2 years) matched PwCF and pTxPwCF...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is long-term inflammation of the sinuses that can be caused by infection due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Biofilm developed by microbes is postulated to cause antibiotic treatment failure. Thus, the anti-biofilm activities of seven Thai herbal essential oils (EOs) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from CRS patients was investigated. Lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus L.) EO showed the most effective antibiofilm activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis grown as biofilm...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between patient smoking status and fracture-related infection (FRI) characteristics including patient symptoms at FRI presentation, bacterial species of FRI, and rates of fracture union. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Urban level 1 trauma center. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA: All patients undergoing reoperation for FRI from January 2013 to April 2021 were identified via manual review of an institutional database...

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by highly viscous mucus obstructing the lower and upper airways, chronic neutrophil inflammation and infection resulting not only in lung destruction but also in paranasal sinus involvement. The pathogenesis of CF-associated chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still not well understood, and it remains unclear how the microbiome in the upper airways (UAW) influences paranasal sinus inflammation. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study in pediatric patients with CF under stable disease conditions, we examined the microbiome in relation to inflammation by comparing nasal swabs (NS) and nasal lavage (NL) as two UAW sampling methods...

OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic medial maxillectomy (EMM) is an effective intervention for patients with recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis after previous middle meatal antrostomy. The pathophysiology of refractory maxillary sinusitis is incompletely understood. We aim to identify trends in structured histopathology (SHP) to better understand how tissue architecture changes contribute to refractory sinusitis and impaired mucociliary clearance. METHODS: All patients who underwent EMM or standard maxillary antrostomy for recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis of various forms were included...

OBJECTIVE: Fungal balls (FB) are the main form of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis found in immunocompetent hosts. Bacterial coinfection affects clinical symptoms. We investigated the sinonasal microbiome and inflammatory profiles in FB and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. METHODS: Thirty-three participants were prospectively recruited. Nasal swab samples and sinonasal tissues were collected from controls, and FB and CRS patients. DNA extraction and microbiome analysis using V3-V4 region 16S rRNA sequencing were performed...

Orbital cellulitis is a dangerous condition that has a variety of etiologies and risk factors such as chronic sinusitis. If left untreated, it may result in orbital compartment syndrome. A 19-year-old male presented with evidence of orbital cellulitis, increased intraocular pressures, and orbital compartment syndrome as a result of a retrobulbar abscess. He was started on ampicillin/sulbactam, the emergency clinician performed a lateral canthotomy and cantholysis, and the case was discussed with ophthalmology and otolaryngology on call...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature relating to viral, fungal and bacterial infections and their interactions within the sinonasal tract in the past 18 months. RECENT FINDINGS: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated olfactory dysfunction (OD) is variant dependent. Magnetic resonance imaging studies have found greater olfactory cleft opacification and higher olfactory bulb volume in post-COVID-19 OD. Olfactory training remains the mainstay of treatment, while platelet-rich plasma injections and ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin combination oral supplementation have shown early promise...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a debilitating condition characterized by long-lasting inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. It affects a significant portion of the population, causing a considerable burden on individuals and healthcare systems. The pathogenesis of CRS is multifactorial, with bacterial infections playing a crucial role in CRS development and persistence. In recent years, the presence of biofilms has emerged as a key contributor to the chronicity of sinusitis, further complicating treatment and exacerbating symptoms...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic health condition affecting the sinonasal cavity. CRS-associated mucosal inflammation leads to sinonasal epithelial cell death and epithelial cell barrier disruption, which may result in recurrent bacterial infections and biofilm formation. For patients who fail medical management and elect endoscopic sinus surgery for disease control, bacterial biofilm formation is particularly detrimental, as it reduces the efficacy of surgical intervention. Effective treatments that prevent biofilm formation in post-operative patients in CRS are currently limited...

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and is marked by chronic inflammation and episodes of infection that negatively impact quality of life. Several studies have shown that elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) improves symptoms and examination findings in CF-CRS. The current study determines the effect of ETI on the sinonasal microbiota in CF. METHODS: Sinonasal samples were collected under endoscopic visualization before and after starting ETI...

A 68-year-old woman with immunosuppressive state following chemotherapy for cancer of unknown primary origin developed infective endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Echocardiography showed shunt blood flow from the aortic annular abscess into the left atrium, which indicated infection of the intervalvular fibrosa (IVF). She underwent Commando procedure owing to progression of heart failure. The aortic valve, IVF, and anterior leaflet of the mitral valve were resected. The mitral valve was replaced with a bioprosthesis, and a bovine pericardial patch was used to reconstruct the IVF and left atrial roof...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of paranasal sinuses. This study is formulated to explore the roles of pro-inflammatory factors Chemerin and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in CRS. Patients suffering from CRS without/with nasal polyps (CRSsNP/CRSwNP), along with volunteers, were recruited. CRS rabbit models were constructed by Staphylococcus aureus infection and rabbits were injected with lentiviral vectors of short hairpin RNA-targeting Chemerin (shChemerin), followed by micro-computed tomography (CT) scan...

There is significant evidence that the etiology of chronic otorhinolaryngology infections such as chronic rhinosinusitis, adenotonsillitis, and otitis media depends on biofilms. As biofilm-forming bacteria can be resistant to the immune system, antibiotics, and other treatments, biofilm infections are often chronic. To identify the genus and species of the clinical isolates obtained from the swabs collected from the patients with chronic infections of the nasal and paranasal sinus, nasopharynx, and oropharynx and to evaluate phenotypic and genotypic methods for the detection of biofilms and antimicrobial resistance among the isolated organisms...