GRD cancer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) in resecting breast cancers. METHODS: Retrospective database analysis of 116 cancers [both invasive breast cancers (IC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)] diagnosed by VAB submitted to standard surgical treatment with complete histological data from VAB and surgery. Excision following VAB was defined as complete resection (CR) if there was no residual tumor in the surgical specimen, minimal residual disease (MRD) if residual tumor ≤ 3 mm, gross residual disease (GRD) if residual tumor > 3 mm, and upgrade from DCIS on VAB to IC...

BACKGROUND: The effects of some drugs, aging, cancers, and other diseases can cause muscle wasting. Currently, there are no effective drugs for treating muscle wasting. In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rd (GRd) on muscle wasting were studied. METHODS: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced myotube atrophy in mouse C2C12 and human skeletal myoblasts (HSkM) was evaluated based on cell thickness. Atrophy-related signalling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial number were assessed...

The proto-oncogene ALK encodes anaplastic lymphoma kinase, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed primarily in the developing nervous system. After development, ALK activity is associated with learning and memory1 and controls energy expenditure, and inhibition of ALK can prevent diet-induced obesity2 . Aberrant ALK signalling causes numerous cancers3 . In particular, full-length ALK is an important driver in paediatric neuroblastoma4,5 , in which it is either mutated6 or activated by ligand7 . Here we report crystal structures of the extracellular glycine-rich domain (GRD) of ALK, which regulates receptor activity by binding to activating peptides8,9 ...

We aimed to assess the relationships among the adipose tissue's (AT) oxidative microenvironment, in situ accumulated persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations, and cancer development. POP and oxidative stress levels were quantified in AT samples from 382 adults recruited within the GraMo cohort (2003-2004) in Granada (Spain). The 16-year cancer incidence was ascertained by reviewing health/administrative databases. Cox-regression models and mediation analyses were performed. The enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GRd) were positively associated with the risk of non-hormone-dependent (NHD) cancer [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1...

The NF1 gene encodes neurofibromin, which is one of the primary negative regulatory factors of the Ras protein. Neurofibromin stimulates the GTPase activity of Ras to convert it from an active GTP-bound form to its inactive GDP-bound form through its GTPase activating protein-related domain (GRD). Therefore, neurofibromin serves as a shutdown signal for all vertebrate RAS GTPases. NF1 mutations cause a resultant decrease in neurofibromin expression, which has been detected in many human malignancies, including NSCLC, breast cancer and so on...

Antioxidant defences and oxidative stress are related to development, progression and malignancy of colorectal cancer. However, their role in early stages of cancer remains unknown. More and more recent studies have revealed that non-tumour adjacent tissue is not a normal tissue. Thus, our aim was to analyse protein levels of MnSOD (Manganese Superoxide Dismutase), acMnSOD (Acetylated Manganese superoxide Dismutase), SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3), CuZnSOD (Cupper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase), CAT (Catalase), GPx (Glutathione Peroxidase), and GRd (Glutathione Reductase) both in tumour and non-tumour adjacent tissue from colorectal cancer patients by western blot...

OBJECTIVE: To document the outcome of radioiodine therapy (RIT) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with recent contrasted computed tomography (CCT). METHODS: Eighteen patients with DTC and recent thyroidectomy who underwent RIT within 90 days after a CCT were included. Disease status following RIT and whether the expected response to RIT was achieved were documented. Disease status was classified into one of three categories based on the patient's thyroglobuline level, radioiodine scan (RIS), and other imaging modalities: no evidence of disease (NED), microscopic residual disease (MRD), or gross residual disease (GRD)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hepatoprotective mechanisms of taxifolin in mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl4 . METHODS: ICR (Institute of Cancer research) mice were orally pretreated using taxifolin for 7 consecutive days and were then given single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 0.2% CCl4 (10 mL/kg body weight, i.p.). Liver injury was then determined using assays of serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (sAST)...

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease develops when the stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and complications. Mild forms are non-erosive and erosive esophagitis, and severe forms are Barrett's esophagus and Esophageal adenocarcinoma. Matrix metalloproteinases are endopeptidases that can degrade components of the extracellular matrix, they play an important role in tumor invasion as well as in metastasis. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the expression of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in esophageal biopsies from patients with mild and severe forms of Gastroesophageal reflux disease...

OBJECTIVES: To determine if the addition of paclitaxel (P) to cisplatin and doxorubicin (CD) following surgical debulking and volume-directed radiation therapy improved long-term, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced-stage endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS: Prospective, randomized GOG trial comparing (CD) (50 mg/m2 )/(45 mg/m2 ) +/- (P) (160 mg/m2 ) following volume-directed radiation and surgery in advanced EC...

BACKGROUND: Differentiated thyroid cancer typically has an indolent clinical course but can cause significant morbidity by local progression. Oncologic surgical resection can be technically difficult due to the proximity to critical normal structures in the neck. Our objective was to review the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of definitive-intent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and to analyze whether patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy (CC-IMRT) had higher rates of disease control and survival over IMRT alone in patients with unresectable or gross residual disease (GRD)...

To quantify the effects of ageing and non-ageing factors, a characterization of the effects of ageing, genetic, and exogenous variables on 12 major non-communicable diseases was evaluated using a model assessing cumulative frequency of death and survival by age group from dead and surviving populations based on mortality statistics. Indices (0-1) of the roles of ageing (ARD), genetics (GRD) and exogenous (ERD) variables in deaths due to disease were established, and the sum of ARD, GRD and ERD was 1 (value of each indices was <1)...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Legius syndrome are related diseases with partially overlapping symptoms caused by alterations of the tumor suppressor genes NF1 (encoding the protein neurofibromin) and SPRED1 (encoding sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 1, Spred1), respectively. Both proteins are negative regulators of Ras/MAPK signaling with neurofibromin functioning as a Ras-specific GTPase activating protein (GAP) and Spred1 acting on hitherto undefined components of the pathway. Importantly, neurofibromin has been identified as a key protein in the development of cancer, as it is genetically altered in a large number of sporadic human malignancies unrelated to NF1...

Neurofibromin regulates cell motility via three distinct GTPase pathways acting through two different domains, the Ras GTPase-activating protein-related domain (GRD) and the pre-GRD domain. First, the GRD domain inhibits Ras-dependent changes in cell motility through the mitogen activated protein cascade. Second, it also regulates Rho-dependent (Ras-independent) changes by activating LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2), an enzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates cofilin (an actin-depolymerizing factor). Third, the pre-GRD domain acts through the Rac1 GTPase, that activate the P21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-LIMK1-cofilin pathway...

SCOPE: Exposure scenarios during different stages of development of an organism are discussed to trigger adverse and beneficial effects of isoflavones (ISO). The aim of this study was to investigate how in utero and postnatal ISO exposure modulates the estrogen sensitivity of the mammary gland and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Therefore, rats were exposed to either ISO-free (IDD), ISO-rich (IRD) or genistein-rich diet (GRD), up to young adulthood...

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective analysis of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection was performed to determine if histology or pathologic response affected local-regional control (LRC), survival outcomes or patterns of failure. METHODS: We performed a review of 164 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection from 1992 to 2006 for esophageal cancer. Information on patient characteristics, pathologic response, failure patterns, and survival was collected...

The biodistribution of two near-infrared fluorescent agents was assessed in vivo by time-resolved diffuse optical imaging. Bacteriochlorophyll a (BC) and cypate-glysine-arginine-aspartic acid-serine-proline-lysine-OH (Cyp-GRD) were administered separately or combined to mice with subcutaneous xenografts of human breast adenocarcinoma and slow-release estradiol pellets for improved tumor growth. The same excitation (780 nm) and emission (830 nm) wavelengths were used to image the distinct fluorescence lifetime distribution of the fluorescent molecular probes in the mouse cancer model...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging can provide valuable diagnostic information relating to the functional status of diseases. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) dye-labeled hexapeptide (abbreviated Cyp-GRD) was synthesized. In vitro, Cyp-GRD internalized in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells (A549) without observable cytotoxic or proliferative effects to the cells at a concentration up to 1x10(-4) M. Time-domain fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging of Cyp-GRD injected into A549 tumor-bearing mice revealed that the probe preferentially accumulated in the tumor and the major excretion organs...

PURPOSE: Mutations in the GTPase-activating protein-related domain (GRD) of the von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene have been reported in several tumors that were not previously associated with NF1. We analyzed 37 cases of lung cancer, including 9 cases of small cell carcinoma, to detect mutations in this domain. METHODS: DNA was extracted from the tumors, and single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing were used to detect mutations...

The levels of some organochlorine pesticides (OCP)s (hexachlorobenzene, HCB, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, heptachlorepoxide, HE, bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene, p.p'DDE, bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, p.p' DDT and total DDT (E-DDT) and antioxidant enzyme activities namely Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), total glutathione peroxidase (T-GSH-Px), selenium independent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px II), glutathione reductase (GRd), level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity toward several substrates including 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), ethacrynic acid (EAA), 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)-propane (ENPP) were measured in tumor and surrounding tumor free tissues of 24 female breast cancer patients and was evaluated whether there exist any association between the levels of OCPs and antioxidants...