Salivary gland neoplasm

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the head and neck are a rare group of heterogeneous epithelial neoplastic proliferations arising in virtually all of the different organs of this region, particularly in the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses, the nasopharynx, the larynx, the salivary glands, and the middle ear. They encompass a wide spectrum of entities ranging from very indolent neuroendocrine tumors to highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas. They may represent a challenge for radiologists, oncologists, and pathologists and a correct diagnosis is crucial for the management of patients...

Salivary glands may give rise to a wide spectrum of different tumors. This review concentrates on 4 salivary gland tumors that have been accepted in the recent literature as new neoplastic entities: mammary analog secretory carcinoma, cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CASG), sclerosing polycystic adenosis/adenoma (SPA), and the mucinous/secretory variant of myoepithelioma. Mammary analog secretory carcinoma is a distinctive low-grade malignant salivary cancer that harbors a characteristic chromosomal translocation, t(12;15) (p13;q25), resulting in an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion...

Salivary gland tumors and tumor-like lesions in the pediatric population are uncommon. They comprise a heterogeneous group of infectious/inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Pediatric salivary neoplasms include benign tumors of mesenchymal or epithelial origin as well as malignancies of epithelial (carcinomas), mesenchymal (sarcoma) or hematolymphoid (lymphoma) derivation. Infectious/inflammatory conditions and hematolymphoid malignancies may represent either genuine parenchymal pathology or conditions involving intraglandular lymph nodes of the parotid glands (intraglandular lymphadenopathy and intraglandular nodal lymphomas)...

Low grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (LG CXPA) is a rare low grade malignant neoplasm arising from preexisting pleomorphic adenoma (PA). LG CXPA demonstrates no overt cytological atypia, and can be difficult to distinguish from cellular PA. Invasive growth is one of the hallmarks of LG CXPA, e.g., tumor extends beyond the capsule and into adjacent non-neoplastic tissue. However, it is known that capsular and vascular invasion, as well as the presence of stroma-rich PA in soft tissue without a capsule (pseudopodia) can be seen in PA...

BACKGROUND: Myoepitheliomas account for less than 1% of salivary gland tumors. They mostly affect the parotid glands of adults during the third to fifth decades. CASE PRESENTATION: A 10-year-old Indian boy reported a small swelling in the roof of his mouth of 10 days' duration. History revealed that the lesion was painless and not associated with bleeding or pus discharge. On examination, a purplish well-circumscribed growth was noted on his posterior hard palate...

Basal cell adenoma is a rare benign salivary gland neoplasm exhibiting an isomorphic basaloid tumour cell pattern, commonly occurring in the parotid. Membranous variant warrants separate consideration because of its recurrence and rate of malignant transformation. We report a case of membranous type basal cell adenoma occurring in minor salivary gland in a 61-year-old female patient. The histopathological diagnosis was supported by immunohistochemical analysis and serum Carcinoembryonic antigen level.

Carcinosarcoma of the parotid gland, a true malignant mixed tumour is extremely rare. It may occur in a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma or arise de novo. We report a case of carcinosarcoma de novo harbouring an osteosarcomatous element in a 35-year-old man along with review of the reported cases. Excision was done and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. Long term follow up has been recommended for these tumours owing to their high propensity of recurrence and metastasis. Our case discusses the importance of histopathology and limitation of preoperative imaging in the diagnosis of such an aggressive neoplasm; emphasizing the fact that possibility of carcinosarcoma should be kept in mind while dealing with salivary gland lesions even at a younger age...

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a variant of undifferentiated carcinoma with characteristic dense lymphoid stroma in which nasopharynx is site of predilection. Racial and geographic association and Epstein-Barr virus positivity in endemic areas are other characteristics of this rare neoplasm. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma accounts for only 0.4% of malignant salivary gland tumors. The authors present a patient with Epstein-Barr virus positive lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland in a nonendemic region...

There are no established protocols for the optimum surgical margin required for salivary gland malignancies. Factors including histologic diagnosis and TNM stage have been shown to be important in prognosis and survival outcome and mandate special consideration of margin size. Salivary cancers are treated differently at different anatomic sites and different histologic types show a propensity for major or minor glands. Low-grade malignancies are treated with soft tissue margins of 1 cm or less. The facial nerve is preserved unless infiltrated and encased...

AIM: Epidemiological and clinical analysis of lymphoid tissue neoplasms in the neck region over a 15-year period. MATERIAL: There was performed retrospective analysis of 97 patients, aged 17 to 88 years, mean age of 60.3 years. The analysis included data from subjective study, physical examination, image and histopathological studies Results: Almost all cases were lymphoid neoplasms - 95 patients (98%). B cell lymphoma was the most commonly diagnosed lymphoma - 74 cases (76%), followed by Hodgkin's lymphoma- 19 cases (20%)...

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare, slow-growing neoplasm. It is most commonly located in the salivary glands, affects people older than 55 years of age, and has a predilection for women. These lesions may recur locally but have shown low metastatic potential. We present the unique case of a 71-year-old female with a nonraised hyperpigmented lesion isolated to the right heel. Confusion surrounded the clinical presentation of this dermatologic lesion, and many physicians postulated several differential diagnoses...

Basal cell adenoma is a rare benign salivary gland neoplasm. The most common location is in parotid region. Clinically, gradual growth and firm consistency are seen. They account for 1 to 3% among all salivary gland neoplasms. Prominent basaloid cells with cluster of isomorphic cells and interspersed trabeculae are present histopathologically. In this article, we present a rare case of basal cell adenoma of retromolar region from minor salivary gland origin.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare, slow-growing neoplasm. It is most commonly located in the salivary glands, affects people older than 55 years of age, and has a predilection for women. These lesions may recur locally but have shown low metastatic potential. We present the unique case of a 71-year-old female with a nonraised hyperpigmented lesion isolated to the right heel. Confusion surrounded the clinical presentation of this dermatologic lesion, and many physicians postulated several differential diagnoses...

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is an uncommon low-grade minor salivary gland neoplasm that usually arises in the head and neck region. We report a 55-year-old man who presented with a 2.5 cm lung mass that was partially obstructing the right bronchus intermedius. The tumor consisted of cords and nests of clear and eosinophilic cells in a hyalinized stromal background. The neoplastic cells expressed cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK 5/6, high-molecular weight cytokeratin (34BE12), p63 and p40, while TTF-1, napsin A, CK20, S100, smooth muscle actin, synaptophysin and chromogranin were negative...

Low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma (LGCCC) is a rare tumor of the salivary gland that most often arises from the parotid gland. A 51-year-old man developed a small mass on the right parotid gland 5 years ago. A preoperative magnetic resonance image showed abnormal intensity, an atypical characteristic for such a tumor; therefore, the diagnosis was difficult. Thus, a superficial parotidectomy was performed as a total excisional biopsy to remove the tumor. Histopathological analyses revealed that the tumor was composed of a single cyst comprising cells containing mucosal fluid, with proliferation of large cells...

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to establish the reliability of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis of malignant salivary gland tumors in our population and to compare our results with those of other authors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of clinical data from 172 patients, 153 parotid tumors and 19 submandibular tumors who underwent preoperative FNA between January 2004 and December 2013. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FNA for the preoperative diagnosis of malignancy were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Salivary gland secretory carcinoma is usually a low-grade neoplasm. However, high-grade transformation can occur and has important implications for clinical outcome. METHODS: A patient presented with an enlarging buccal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a tumor with a biphasic appearance along the right parotid duct. Local excision and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of secretory carcinoma with high-grade transformation...

BACKGROUND: Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic systemic disease, characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction mainly of the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in xerostomia and xeropthalmia. Sjögren's syndrome patients have a 44-fold excess risk for the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma particularly mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, prevalently affecting the major salivary glands. In this report, a rare case of MALT lymphoma of minor salivary glands in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome is described...

Chromosomal instability, leading to aneuploidy, is one of the hallmarks of human cancers. USP44 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 44) is an important molecule that plays a regulatory role in the mitotic checkpoint and USP44 loss causes chromosome mis-segregation, aneuploidy and tumorigenesis in vivo. In this study, it was investigated the immunoexpression of USP44 in 28 malignant salivary gland neoplasms and associated the results with DNA ploidy status assessed by image cytometry. USP44 protein was widely expressed in most of the tumor samples and no clear association could be established between its expression and DNA ploidy status or tumor size...

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is rare. To date, primary PMEC has not been reported in a child younger than 3 years of age. We report a case of a 2-year-old boy who presented with 3 episodes of wheezing, cough, and fever over a period of 1 month. Radiologic findings were consistent with foreign body aspiration with consequent bronchial obstruction. Bronchoscopy was performed and attempts to retrieve the foreign body resulted in a biopsy of a fleshy lesion. By histology, the lesion was an epithelial neoplasm comprising cells arranged in a nested pattern...