Diversified

Phenols and their derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and critically important industrial chemicals. Their properties are intimately linked to the relative substitution pattern of the aromatic ring, reflecting well-known electronic effects of the OH group. Because of these ortho-, para-directing effects, meta-substituted phenols have historically been more difficult to synthesize. Here we describe a procedure to transpose phenols that hinges on a regioselective diazotization of the corresponding ortho-quinone...

The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between changes in training practices and human development index (HDI) levels, and identify strategies employed by athletes who consistently maintained their training quantity during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 10,074 athletes (5290 amateur and 4787 professional athletes from 121 countries) completed an online survey between 17 May to 5 July 2020. We explored their training practices, including specific questions on training frequency, duration and quantity before and during lockdown (March-June 2020), stratified according to the human development index (HDI): low-medium, high, or very high HDI...

This study took a novel approach to address the dual challenges of enhancing the ethanol content and aroma complexity in Laiyang pear wine. It focused on sorbitol as a pivotal element in the strategic selection of yeasts with specific sorbitol-utilization capabilities and their application in co-fermentation strategies. We selected two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (coded as Sc1, Sc2), two Metschnikowia pulcherrima (coded as Mp1, Mp2), and one Pichia terricola (coded as Tp) due to their efficacy as starter cultures...

Caricature generation aims to translate portrait photos into caricatures with exaggerated and hand-drawn artistic styles. Previous methods faced challenges in creating diverse and meaningful exaggeration effects, yielding unsatisfactory and uncontrollable results. To overcome this, we proposed ETCari, a novel weakly supervised exaggeration transfer network. ETCari enables the learning of diverse exaggeration caricature styles from various artists, better meeting individual customization requirements and achieving diversified exaggeration while retaining identity features...

The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of the anatomical and functional uniqueness of the human brain. For this, a comparison is made between our brains and those of our closest ancestors (chimpanzees and bonobos) and human ancestors. During human evolution, several changes occurred in the brain, such as an absolute increase in brain size and number of cortical neurons, in addition to a greater degree of functional lateralization and anatomical asymmetry. Also, the cortical cytoarchitecture became more diversified and there was an increase in the number of intracortical networks and networks extending from the cerebral cortex to subcortical structures, with more neural networks being invested in multisensory and sensory-motor-affective-cognitive integration...

OBJECTIVE: International trials can be challenging to operationalise due to incompatibilities between country-specific policies and infrastructures. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the operational complexities of conducting international trials and identify potential solutions for overcoming them. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase and Health Management Information Consortium were searched from 2006 to 30 January 2023...

Polyester plastics, constituting over 10% of the total plastic production, are widely used in packaging, fiber, single-use beverage bottles, etc. However, their current depolymerization processes face challenges such as non-broad spectrum recyclability, lack of diversified high-value-added depolymerization products, and crucially high energy consumption. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed for dismantling the compact structure of polyester plastics to achieve diverse monomer recovery. Polyester plastics undergo swelling and decrystallization with a low depolymerization energy barrier via synergistic effects of polyfluorine/hydrogen bonding, which is further demonstrated via density functional theory calculations...

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a significant event of the current century, introducing substantial transformations in economic and social activities worldwide. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and Pakistan stock market (PSX) return volatility. To assess the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and the PSX return volatility, we collected secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the PSX website, specifically focusing on the PSX 100 index, spanning from March 15, 2020, to March 31, 2021...

It is well known that the performance of any classification model is effective if the dataset used for the training process and the test process satisfy some specific requirements. In other words, the more the dataset size is large, balanced, and representative, the more one can trust the proposed model's effectiveness and, consequently, the obtained results. Unfortunately, large-size anonymous datasets are generally not publicly available in biomedical applications, especially those dealing with pathological human face images...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diversity within the physical therapy profession lags in comparison to the United States population. As the profession strives to diversify, faculty must pay attention to diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEI-B) in curricular approaches, including classroom materials, instruction, and assessment. With critical application, students from equity-deserving groups (EDGs) can provide unique perspectives to faculty about curricular approaches. Case study purposes were to 1) enable students from EDGs to partner with faculty, as student pedagogical consultants (SPCs), in 2 courses in a Doctor of Physical Therapy program to provide feedback on DEI-B efforts related to curricular approaches and 2) describe the outcomes of SPCs experience...

This article explores the lived daily experiences of street vendors operating along the Main North 1 Road in the CBD of Maseru, Lesotho. This exploration considers how street vendors access and negotiate a claim for the right to the street. The challenges confronting these vendors in their daily hustling, including COVID-19 restrictions, are also examined. A narrative inquiry research design informs this article with data collected from interviews with purposively selected street vendors from Maseru. This primary data was triangulated with document analysis to increase the validity of the findings...

Gcn4p belongs to conserved AP-1 transcription factors involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, stress response, and nutrient availability in yeast and mammals. AP-1 activities are regulated at different levels, such as translational activation or protein degradation, which increases the variability of regulation under different conditions. Gcn4p activity in unstructured yeast liquid cultures increases upon amino acid deficiency and is rapidly eliminated upon amino acid excess. Gcn2p kinase is the major described regulator of Gcn4p that enables GCN4 mRNA translation via the uORFs mechanism...

Diversified molecular information-processing methods have significant implications for nanoscale manipulation and control, monitoring and disease diagnosis of organisms, and direct intervention in biological activities. However, as an effective approach for implementing multifunctional molecular information processing, DNA reaction networks (DRNs) with numerous functionally specialized molecular structures have challenged them on scale and modular design, leading to increased network complexity, further causing problems such as signal leakage, attenuation, and cross-talk in network reactions...

BACKGROUND: Some research shows that advertising for high-fat, sugar, or salt (HFSS) products is contributing to a shift in consumer preferences toward products of poor nutritional quality, leading to unhealthy nutritional intakes that increase the risk of obesity and chronic diseases. A strategy of displaying simple and understandable nutritional information (like the front-of-pack nutrition label Nutri-Score) in food messages could be an aid to help guide consumers' choice towards healthier products...

BACKGROUND: Intake of a diversified diet is key to the prevention of malnutrition among children as it results in improved intake of energy and micronutrients, which are deemed critical for better nutritional status of children. This study assessed minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and its determinants among children aged 6-23 months in the Sagnarigu Municipality of Ghana. METHODS: This was an analytical cross-sectional study, carried out in the Sagnarigu Municipality, Ghana and involved 369 mother-child pairs selected through a systematic random sampling...

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have become a promising therapeutic target for various disorders. PDEs are a vast and diversified family of enzymes that degrade cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which have several biochemical and physiological functions. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is the most abundant PDE in the central nervous system (CNS) and is extensively expressed in the mammalian brain, where it catalyzes the hydrolysis of intracellular cAMP. An alteration in the balance of PDE4 and cAMP results in the dysregulation of different biological mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases...

With the premise of drug safety and effectiveness, pharmacoeconomic evaluation can provide optimal solutions for diversified decision-making application scenarios from different research perspectives while maximizing the rational utilization of existing healthcare resources. Chinese patent medicine is an essential component of pharmaceutical utilization in China and a significant part of healthcare expenditure in China. However, the economic evaluation of post-marketing Chinese patent medicine is lacking. These evaluations often lack standardization, exhibit varying quality, and are unable to effectively support healthcare decisions, indicating a need for improvement in overall quality...

With the diversified development of big data, detection and precision guidance technologies, electromagnetic (EM) functional materials and devices serving multiple spectrums have become a hot topic. Exploring the multispectral response of materials is a challenging and meaningful scientific question. In this study, MXene/TiO2 hybrids with tunable conduction loss and polarization relaxation are fabricated by in situ atomic reconstruction engineering. More importantly, MXene/TiO2 hybrids exhibit adjustable spectral responses in the GHz, infrared and visible spectrums, and several EM devices are constructed based on this...

O- GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification that diversifies the proteome. Its dysregulation is associated with neurological disorders that impair cognitive function, and yet identification of phenotype-relevant candidate substrates in a brain-region specific manner remains unfeasible. By combining an O- GlcNAc binding activity derived from Clostridium perfringens OGA ( Cp OGA) with TurboID proximity labeling in Drosophila , we developed an O- GlcNAcylation profiling tool that translates O- GlcNAc modification into biotin conjugation for tissue-specific candidate substrates enrichment...

The substantial progress in neurobiological technologies has narrowed the horizons of many psychiatrists, ultimately leading them to focus exclusively on biomedical research, primarily aimed at studying the biological basis of mental illnesses. This has led to an unjustified dominance of the biomedical paradigm in understanding the nature of mental disorders, while virtually ignoring the study of other components of the disease related to the psychosocial maladjustment of patients. This trend, largely associated with advancements in neuroscience employing neuroimaging techniques to study the brain's activity as a biophysical object, has contributed to the development of such innovative field as evidence-based medicine...