Peter S Staats, Thomas Yearwood, Steven G Charapata, Robert W Presley, Mark S Wallace, Michael Byas-Smith, Robert Fisher, David A Bryce, Eugene A Mangieri, Robert R Luther, Martha Mayo, Dawn McGuire, David Ellis
CONTEXT: Ziconotide (formerly SNX-111) selectively blocks N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels and may be effective in patients with pain that is refractory to opioid therapy or those with intolerable opioid-related adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide in patients with pain that is refractory to conventional treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted from March 12, 1996, to July 11, 1998, at 32 study centers in the United States, Australia, and the Netherlands...
January 7, 2004: JAMA